Dürrenzimmern (Brackenheim)
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Drought rooms
City of Brackenheim
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| Height : | 211 m |
| Area : | 4.4 km² |
| Residents : | 1236 (2009) |
| Population density : | 281 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st November 1971 |
| Postal code : | 74336 |
| Area code : | 07135 |
Dürrenzimmern is a village in the Heilbronn district in Baden-Württemberg , which has belonged to Brackenheim since November 1, 1971 .
geography
Dürrenzimmern is located in the Zabergäu on the southern foothills of the Heuchelberg in the valley of the Kiesbach. The village is 214 m above sea level, the Keuper slopes of the vineyards on Heuchelberg and Mönchsberg extend up to 320 m above sea level.
history
There are almost no reliable records about the founding history and the early ownership of Dürrenzimmern. A deed of donation dated May 27, 825 is accepted as the oldest mention, with which the Lorsch Monastery was given a farm and farmland in "Cimbren". At the beginning of the 12th century a local nobility was named for the first time with Hartwig von Zimmer, who was mentioned several times up to the beginning of the 14th century and possibly owned a fortified courtyard in the current area of "Burgstall". After the end of the local aristocracy, Zimmer became an imperial village , although the tithe had been awarded to the Count of Württemberg since 1379 .
The late medieval room was a walled village in which there existed several farm estates that were owned by wealthy noble families and clerical principalities and institutions. As owners in the late Middle Ages, u. a. called the wealthy Mayser and von Rieden families, the Lauffen monastery in Lauffen am Neckar , the diocese of Augsburg , the Teutonic Order Commandery Heilbronn , the rule of Württemberg and the parish in Kleingartach .
Dürrenzimmern shares the history of numerous villages in the Zabergäu. Zimmer farmers took part in the Peasants' War of 1525 when they stormed the Teutonic Order Castle in Stockheim , the subsequent wars and troop marches brought epidemics and devastation. The "stiff neck" was rampant for a long time, followed by the plague from the beginning of the 17th century . In the Thirty Years' War fled or died, much of the population, the subsequent wars of succession brought to the middle of the 18th century further suffering.
Dürrenzimmern belonged to the old Württemberg office of Brackenheim for centuries . When the new administrative structure was implemented in the Kingdom of Württemberg , which had existed since 1806 , the place remained assigned to the now Oberamt Brackenheim .
Viticulture, which suffered from long wars, was intensified in the comparatively peaceful period from the 18th century. In 1800 the state of Württemberg built a wine press opposite the town hall, which was acquired by the municipality in 1832. The purely agricultural character and the local poverty caused a decline in the population as a result of emigration and rural exodus, especially in the middle of the 19th century and again on the threshold of the 20th century. In 1846 739 people were counted, in 1867 only 650, in 1885 the population had increased again to 723 people, but fell again in the following period. In 1933 there were 607 inhabitants, in 1939 there were 586. In 1937 a winegrowers' cooperative was founded, which in 1939 set up a cooperative wine press in the village.
During the administrative reform during the Nazi era in Württemberg , Dürrenzimmern came to the Heilbronn district in 1938 .
In the last days of the Second World War , Dürrenzimmern was the target of several bombings from April 2 to 4, 1945, with the church tower, the rectory, several houses and barns being destroyed. On April 6, 1945, French troops entered Dürrenzimmern without a fight. A unit consisting mostly of Moroccans held the place for several days, with numerous looting, destruction and rape. These occupiers are said to have looted around 300,000 liters of wine alone. The wild occupation was followed by a ten-man official French occupation command and then the American occupation forces. In the meantime, numerous refugees were quartered in drought rooms, so that the population rose from 600 people at the end of 1945 to 731 people in 1949, despite high losses in the war.
Since the place had become part of the American zone of occupation , it belonged to the newly founded state of Württemberg-Baden since 1945 , which in 1952 became part of the current state of Baden-Württemberg.
The town's sewer system was started in 1954 and was completed in further construction phases in 1958 and in the 1960s. In 1970 the Weingärtnergenossenschaft merged with the Stockheims . On November 1, 1971 Dürrenzimmern was incorporated into Brackenheim . At the end of the 1970s, one of the largest vineyard consolidations in the state of Baden-Württemberg made lasting changes to the area around Dürrenzimmern when around 85 hectares of usable area were leveled and developed with paths and water drains to enable more efficient management.
coat of arms
The blazon reads: In blue a slanted golden ax, accompanied by two six-pointed golden stars above and below.
Attractions
- The Maria Magdalenen Church has an early Gothic choir tower, the nave was built in 1504 and expanded to the north in 1620 (builders Heinrich Ernst and Hans Pfaff). After being destroyed in the Second World War, the church was consecrated again on October 12, 1947 as one of the first rebuilt churches in Württemberg.
- Right next to the church is the old wine press , built in 1800 , which is now used as a community hall after several renovations.
- The old town hall from 1732, which is now used as a residential building and is in great need of renovation, once formed the center of the town with the church and wine press.
- The monastery courtyard at Mönchsbergstraße 45 is a building with components from 1592, which probably goes back to a care courtyard of the Weil monastery mentioned in 1288 (near Esslingen). The two tondi with relief busts on the facade of the building are remarkable.
- The town's schoolhouse was built in 1892. The eaves side facing the main street is made of contrasting colored exposed brickwork, the gable sides were partly built in half-timbered construction with bricked partitions.
Schoolhouse from 1892
Old wine press, community hall
Monastery courtyard
Personalities
- Johann Friedrich Jahn (1728–1800), teacher of Friedrich Schiller , born in Dürrenzimmern
- Jakob Friedrich Rösch (1743–1841), military scientist, private tutor at the Württemberg court and builder of Röschenschanze on the Kniebis, was born in Dürrenzimmern
- Ernst Gottlieb Lauk (1884–1961), pastor, honorary citizen of Dürrenzimmern in 1948 in recognition of his services to the reconstruction of the war-torn church
literature
- Isolde Döbele-Carlesso : drought rooms. A village and its history . Brackenheim city administration, Brackenheim 1994, ISBN 3-9806667-4-3 .
- Helmut Berner: Drought rooms . In: Home book of the city of Brackenheim and its districts. Brackenheim 1980.
- Julius Fekete: Art and cultural monuments in the city and district of Heilbronn. Theiss, Stuttgart 1991, pp. 125-127.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Communications of the Württemberg Stat. State Office No. 4/5 of December 10, 1940: Results of the population and occupational census on May 17, 1939
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 450 .
