Cromoglicic acid

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Cromoglicic acid
other names	5,5 ′ - (2-Hydroxytrimethylenedioxy) bis (4-oxo-4 H -1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid) ( IUPAC ) Acidum cromoglicicum ( Latin ) DNCG (di-sodium cromoglicate)
Molecular formula	C 23 H 16 O 11
Brief description	white, crystalline solid
External identifiers / databases
CAS number 16110-51-3 15826-37-6 ( disodium salt ) EC number 240-279-8 ECHA InfoCard 100.036.602 PubChem 2882 ChemSpider 2779 DrugBank DB01003 Wikidata Q416427
Drug information
ATC code	S01 GX01 R01 AC01 A07 EB01 R03 BC01 D11 AX17
Drug class	Antiallergic drugs
Mechanism of action	Mast cell stabilizer
properties
Molar mass	468.37 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	241 ° C (decomposition)
pK s value	1.1
solubility	very bad in water (210 mg l −1 at 25 ° C)
safety instructions
Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution H and P phrases H: 315-319-335 P: 261-305 + 351 + 338
Toxicological data	> 2150 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 ,  rat ,  oral )
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Cromoglycic acid ( cromoglycate ) is a medicinal substance that is used in the therapy and prevention of allergic diseases . Cromoglicic acid is hardly absorbed enterally , so that it can only be applied locally. It is used in the following dosage forms: eye and nose drops, nasal sprays, capsules for inhalation and inhalation sprays, granules and capsules for oral use .

Cromoglicic acid is the first synthetically produced substance that was used against the inflammatory mechanisms in allergic bronchial asthma and allergies . The natural model for the chemical structure of cromoglicic acid are furocoumarin relatives such as khellin or khellol isolated from umbelliferous plants .

Together with Nedocromil , cromoglicic acid belongs to the active ingredient group of cromones .

history

The effect of cromoglicic acid was discovered and researched in 1965 by the British doctor Roger Altounyan (1922–1987). In self- experiments he tested derivatives of the khellin obtained from the fruits of an umbilical lifer and was finally able to prove the prophylactic effect in asthma therapy. In 1969 the active ingredient was introduced to the market under the trade name Intal by the Fisons company (taken over by Rhône-Poulenc in 1995 ).

Chemical properties

The disodium salt of cromoglicic acid ( sodium cromoglicate ( Ph. Eur. ) ) Is used for the production of pharmaceuticals due to its better solubility .

pharmacology

Cromoglicic acid inhibits the chloride channels in activated mast cells and thus the release of inflammatory mediators , such as. B. histamine . Histamine plays an important role in the allergic reaction. When used prophylactically, cromoglicic acid and nedocromil prevent both immediate and delayed reactions. Cromoglicic acid has a very short half-life (60 - 90 minutes, with pulmonary intake ) and must therefore be used at least 4 times a day to develop its full effect.

application areas

Cromoglicic acid can be used prophylactically in allergic bronchial asthma , allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and allergic conjunctivitis (conjunctivitis). It is well tolerated even with long-term use.

Cromoglicic acid is inhaled in a fixed combination with reproterol , a medicinal substance that has a bronchodilator effect and eliminates shortness of breath. The anti-inflammatory effects and rapid respiratory distress relief are combined in one drug.

An alternative active ingredient in the application is azelastine .

Side effects

In individual cases, local irritation symptoms such as dry cough and hoarseness can occur . In very rare cases, an asthma attack can be induced by cromoglicic acid .

Trade names

• Monopreparations

Allergo-Comod (D, A, CH), Allergocrom (D), Allergoval (D), Colimune (D), DNCG (D), Flui- DNCG (D), Intal (D, A), Lomudal (CH), Lomupren (D), Lomusol (A, CH), Nalcrom (CH), Opticrom (D, CH), Pädiacrom (D), Pentatop (D), Cromo-Stulln (D), Vividrin antiallergic eye drops / nasal spray (D, A , CH) and other generics.

• Combination preparations

with Reproterol : Aarane (D), Allergospasmin (D)

literature

• T. Karow, R. Lang-Roth: General and Special Pharmacology and Toxicology 2008 . 16th edition. Thomas Karow Verlag, 2008, p. 356.
• E. Burgis: Intensive course in general and special pharmacology . 3. Edition. Urban & Fischer Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3-437-42612-5 , pp. 264-265.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Entry on cromoglicic acid. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on December 25, 2014.
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} Entry on cromoglicic acid in the ChemIDplus database of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM) .
3. ↑ ^{a b} Data sheet Cromolyn sodium salt from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on March 23, 2011 ( PDF ).
4. ↑ Lung Information Service: Cromone ( Memento of December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on December 15, 2015.
5. ↑ Ludger Riem: 25 years of cromoglicic acid: mast cell blockade is still relevant . In: Deutsches Ärzteblatt . tape 90 , no. 24 . Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag , June 18, 1993, p. A-1768 .
6. ↑ Thorsten Hartmann: Agglomeration of fine powders: a new process for soft pellet production (PDF) Dissertation, University of Kiel, 2008. urn : nbn: de: gbv: 8-diss-32041
7. ↑ Specialist information (D): Cromoglin nasal spray (PDF) pharmazie.com .
8. ↑ Red List online, status; October 2009.
9. ↑ AM comp. d. Switzerland, as of October 2009.
10. ↑ AGES-PharmMed, as of October 2009.

This article is about a health issue. It is not used for self-diagnosis and does not replace a diagnosis by a doctor. Please note the information on health issues !