Daniel Nettelbladt

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Daniel Nettelbladt , also Nettelblatt (born January 14, 1719 in Rostock , † September 4, 1791 in Halle (Saale) ) was a German lawyer . He was one of the most important legal scholars in the second half of the 18th century. Nettelbladt was royal Prussian privy councilor from 1765 and from 1775 Primarius and President of the Law Faculty of the University of Halle .

Initia historiae litterariae iuridicae universalis , 1764

Life

family

The Nettelbladt family had been represented in Rostock's city ​​council for several generations . His father Heinrich Nettelbladt (* 1664; † 1735) was a wealthy Rostock businessman and senator . In 1714 he married the daughter of the Mecklenburg Chamber Council Dörcksen. The couple had two sons, Heinrich and Daniel. Heinrich Nettelbladt (* 1715), Daniel's older brother, died in 1761 as the mayor of Rostock.

Daniel Nettelbladt married Wilhelmine Johanna Soden († 1787) in 1746, the daughter of a regimental surgeon. The couple had two sons and two daughters. Both sons died early. The daughter Christiane Wilhelmine married the war and domain councilor and councilor Lichotius and her sister Auguste Henriette the captain of Deutecom. The two daughters also died before their parents.

Professional background

In 1733, at the age of 14, he was enrolled as an academic citizen at the University of Rostock . At the express request of his father, he chose theology as a subject. During his studies he got to know the philosophical and legal works of Christian Wolff and Johann Ulrich von Cramer , which had a strong influence on him. In 1735, after the death of his father, he changed subjects and now studied law. In his father's estate he found a correspondence with Wolff who promised his father that he would look after them while his sons were studying. The Nettelbladts were distantly related by marriage to Wolff.

In 1739 Nettelbladt left his hometown and the university. In Schwerin he took over the scientific training of two Mecklenburg nobles.

At Easter 1740 he went to Marburg , where he met Christian Wolff and Johann Ulrich Cramer personally, who taught as professors at Marburg University . Nettelbladt found a deep personal relationship with both of them. In Marburg he heard Cramer lectures on legal history, constitutional and feudal law, and philosophical and mathematical lectures from Wolff. He came into contact with Wolff's logical-mathematical deduction technique for deriving concrete rules from general theorems. He was later to lead this in the jurisprudential area into an inverse analysis in which individual legal clauses of natural law were drawn from the mass of concrete regulations in the highest possible abstraction. Methodically, he would have a considerable influence on German private law theory and pandectism . In 1741 he went to Wolff in Halle, who in 1740 had received an appointment to the University of Halle. There he lived with Wolff and was able to continue his legal studies. On 17 March 1744 defended Nettelbladt his inaugural dissertation under the Government Chancellor Justus Henning Böhmer and became a Doctor of Laws PhD .

Nettelbladt immediately began to give lectures himself, which were very popular. He wrote his first scientific works, including a "Systema elementare universae Hurisprudentiae positivae Imperii Romani communis" and a "Systema universae jurisprudentiae naturalis" in 1745. Through his lectures and scientific work, Nettelbladt became known nationwide and received numerous offers, which he accepted Wolff's advice refused. In 1746 Nettelbladt became a full professor of law at Halle University with the title of court counselor , albeit without a salary. At the end of 1748 he was offered a professorship in Copenhagen with an annual salary of 1,000 Reichstalers . He traveled to Berlin to obtain his dismissal from the Prussian state service, but this was banned by the university's senior board of trustees. Nettelbladt then received a salary of 500 thalers, which was increased in 1750. In 1754 he got the third, 1763 the second position as professor of law at the University of Halle and in 1765 the character of a royal Prussian secret council. On October 21, 1775 he took the position of Primarius and President at the head of the Halle Faculty of Law and at the same time held the title of Director of the University and a short time later became a senior at the University.

During the semester, Nettelbladt gave five to six lectures a day, which, according to a precisely drawn up plan, covered the entire field of law at the time. This included civil, criminal, procedural and church law, public law as well as legal philosophy and legal history. Already at an early age a memory impairment became noticeable, which forced him to prepare for every single lecture. His students included the later authors of the General Land Law for the Prussian States (1794) Carl Gottlieb Svarez , Johann Heinrich von Carmer and Ernst Ferdinand Klein .

Freemasonry

Nettelblatt found its way into Freemasonry as a member of the lodge to the three golden keys in Halle founded by Samuel von Brukenthal . On August 13, 1744 he was accepted there as an apprentice, promoted to journeyman on September 2, 1745 and promoted to master on December 20. From February 12, 1745 he was the “speaker” of the lodge; on March 5, 1745 he was elected "Deputy Master" (deputy chairman). Later he was a member of the Halle lodge to the three swords . He (and others) gave a programmatic speech on Freemasonry.

He died at 72 years in Halle and was great participation of the university and citizenship on September 7, 1791 the Halle Stadtgottesacker buried. His grave is in crypt arch 22.

Works

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry in the Rostock matriculation portal
  2. ^ Paul Koschaker : Europe and Roman law . 4th edition. Beck, Munich 1966, DNB 457278439 . P. 250 f.
  3. ^ Franz Wieacker : History of private law in the modern era with special consideration of German developments. Vandenhoeck u. Ruprecht, Göttingen 2nd edition 1967, p. 321.
  4. ^ Friedrich August Eckstein : History of the Masonic Lodge in the Orient of Halle. A ceremony for the secular celebration of the lodge to the three swords . Gebauer Buchdruckerei, Halle 1844 ( document pages in digitized form )
  5. ↑ That the decision to become a freemason could be sensible and wise, was shown in a speech which was given in the year 1745 on the festival of St. John's in the right and perfect assembly to the three golden keys in Halle. Hall 1745 ( digitized version )
personal data
SURNAME Nettelbladt, Daniel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Note sheet, Daniel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and professor at the University of Halle
DATE OF BIRTH January 14, 1719
PLACE OF BIRTH Rostock
DATE OF DEATH September 4, 1791
Place of death Halle (Saale)