Davall's sedge

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Davall's sedge
Davall's sedge (Carex davalliana), female flower spikes

Davall's sedge ( Carex davalliana ), female flower spikes

Systematics
Monocots
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sourgrass family (Cyperaceae)
Genre : Sedges ( Carex )
Type : Davall's sedge
Scientific name
Carex davalliana
Sm.

Davalls sedge ( Carex davalliana ), also called Davall sedge, peat sedge or rough sedge , is a species of the genus Sedges ( Carex ) within the sour grass family (Cyperaceae). It is common in Eurasia .

description

Davall's sedge grows as an evergreen, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 25 centimeters. It forms dense, firm clumps without runners . The rigidly upright stalks have fibrous leaf remnants at the base and are rough on top, round to indistinctly triangular in cross-section. The leaf sheaths are dark brown. The dark green leaf blades , bluntly triangular in cross section, are shorter than the stem and rough on the edges. They are thread-shaped and only about 0.5 millimeters wide.

Male ears of wheat
Fruit heads

The flowering period extends from April to June. The inflorescence consists of a single, up to two centimeters long, terminal spike . Davalls sedge is dioeciously separated sex ( diocesan ). A eyrie has either only male or only female ears. The male inflorescence reaches a length of two centimeters and a width of two millimeters. The female ears are about one and a half centimeters long and about four millimeters wide. The husks of the male flowers are lanceolate, pointed, yellow-brown and have a hyaline margin. They have three stamens . The two-colored ovaries of the loose-flowered female ear are elongated-lanceolate, chestnut brown, about three to four and a half millimeters long and have a slender, pointed beak, which is clearly directed downwards when ripe. The husks are ovate, pointed and brown with a light border. They do not fall off before the fruit ripens.

The chromosome number of the species is 2n = 46 or 92.

ecology

Davall's sedge is a hemicryptophyte .

The diaspores are spread by birds, to whose plumage the fruits attach themselves.

Distribution and location

Carex davalliana occurs in Eurasia from Western and Central Europe to Western Russia , Siberia and Asia Minor . Its distribution area stretches in Europe from the Pyrenees in the west to the Carpathians in the east and north to Estonia, but in Scandinavia and the British Isles it is absent, in the north German lowlands it is very rare; in the south, especially in the mountains as far as central Italy and Greece, there are individual occurrences, also in Anatolia and southern Russia . It is a prealpine floral element .

Davall's sedge is widespread in Central Europe . It has apparently been absent in the Central European lowlands for several decades, or it only occurs there sporadically; in Central Europe it is rare in the low mountain ranges with calcareous rocks; in the Alpine foothills and in the Alps it occurs scattered. It sometimes forms larger stocks. It rises in the Alps to altitudes of over 2500 meters. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises at the Höferspitze in Vorarlberg up to 1800 m above sea level.

In Austria it is mostly common, but in some areas it is endangered. It can be found widespread in Switzerland . Davalls sedge occurs in Germany only in the south scattered or in places widespread. Only one location was known from England (limestone moor near Bath), which was destroyed in the 19th century.

The Davalls sedge grows in flat and spring moors . Davall's sedge thrives best on wet, alkaline and often chalky soils that are at most moderately acidic. It prefers wet, mostly calcareous tuff soils . There, together with other plant species, it forms Kleinseggenriede of the order of the Davall-Sedge-Spring Moor (Caricetalia davallianae).

Davalls sedge is sensitive to nitrogen salts and therefore does not tolerate fertilization . It prefers flat bogs and swell areas on slopes. In the foothills of the Alps, it is also found in extensively used litter meadows that are only mowed once a year, namely in late summer.

Danger

This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

In Germany, Davall's sedge is considered endangered.

Taxonomy

The first description of Carex davalliana was carried out by James Edward Smith . The specific epithet davalliana honors the Swiss botanist of English origin Edmund Davall (1763–1798).

literature

  • Jürke Grau , Bruno P. Kremer, Bodo M. Möseler, Gerhard Rambold, Dagmar Triebel: Grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes and grass-like families in Europe (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). New, edit. Special edition edition. Mosaik, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10702-9 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 8 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Commelinidae part 2, Arecidae, Liliidae part 2): Juncaceae to Orchidaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3359-8 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 5 : Swan flowers to duckweed plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Davall sedge. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 169.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 241.
  4. ^ Carex davalliana in the Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora .

Web links

Commons : Davalls Sedge  - album with pictures, videos and audio files