Nordhausen district
The Nordhausen district was an administrative unit of the Harz Department in the Kingdom of Westphalia , which existed between 1807 and 1814. During the period of French domination in Europe after the Peace of Tilsit , the administrative areas in Germany were reorganized.
Territory and soil
On an area of around 689.4 m², the district consisted mainly of the former County of Hohnstein , which had belonged to the War and Domain Chamber of the Principality of Halberstadt and made up 397.17 m² of the total area. The Hohnstein part of the country was administratively independent in the principality and had its own deputation in Ellrich until the end of the 18th century . The Nordhausen district also included the town of Benneckenstein in the Harz Mountains, the Walkenried diocese and parts of the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg as well as some Schwarzburg enclaves ( e.g. Wolkramshausen ode goods and offices in the south of the district). The district bordered the Saale department in the north, the Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen in the east, the Schwarzburgisch-Rudolstädtische Amt Straussberg in the south-east and Upper Saxon areas in the south.
In the north of the district is largely barren, mountainous gypsum karst landscape of went Harz Mountains is that was streaked with numerous voids and lost some places and the characteristic of the area sinkholes formed. South of Nordhausen, the district descended into the river valleys of the Wipper and Helme . There the soil changed into fertile loess. The golden floodplain , into which these valleys ran to the east, was no longer part of the district. It was on the state border with the Principality of Schwarzburg. To the south, the district rose on the ridge of the Hainleite , which was sparsely populated and had a dense population of horns and beeches. Here, too, the state border to the Principality of Schwarzburg was located south of the villages of Großberndten , Kleinberndten and Friedrichsrode . The town of Benneckenstein, which had previously formed the northernmost exclave of the former Prussian county of Hohnstein, got its own canton with two municipalities from the formerly Brunswick Upper Harz. Even before 1807, 12,702 forest mornings belonged to it.
The district possessed natural resources mainly with the iron stone deposits around Zorge and Wieda on the Vorharz, but also in the form of smaller veins of porphyry , red sandstone, Marienglas , clay slate , flour stone and marble (near Tettenborn ). Apart from the river valleys, the district tended to have hard-to-cultivate soils made of marl , rotten wood and limestone pebbles, which alternated with summer-dry, almost undeveloped, red clay and sandy soils.
The district capital Nordhausen was located at the traffic junction of the old Heerstraße, which led from Erfurt and Mühlhausen across the Harz Mountains and the old trading route, which came from Kassel through the Eichsfeld, ran east through the Wippertal and went on to Halle and Leipzig.
Residents and communities
In 1808, 44,484 people lived in 96 places of residence, hamlets and individual estates. By 1811 this number was reduced by ten due to the formation of municipalities from the former places of Grafschaft and Amt Hohnstein . The villages of Schiedungen, Branderode, Etzelsrode, Hochstedt, Ascherode, Kleinberndten, Wernrode, Neuhof, Münchenlohra and Immenrode lost their independence. They became the municipalities
- Clettenberg (with Branderode)
- Günzerode (with Hochstädt and Steinsee)
- Großberndten (with Kleinberndten and Dietenborn)
- Oats (with Immenrode)
- Hainrode (with Wernrode)
- Holbach (with differentiations)
- Kleinbaren (with Münchenlohra)
- Pützlingen (with Etzelsrode)
- Sachsa (with Neuhof)
- Wülfingerode (with Ascherode)
Hamlets, mills, individual estates and forest houses that were newly assigned or incorporated into existing municipalities were Himmelgarten (Nordhausen), Rodeberg (Urbach), Rittertal (Leimbach), Forsthaus Königsthal (Gratzungen), Forsthaus Fronderode (Gratzungen), Gut Bliedungen (Gratzungen), Weiler Schattenhagen (Großwerther), Flarichsmühle (small changes), restaurant Schurzfell (Salza), Gut Steinsee (Günzerode), Vorwerk Kinderode with Hünenstein (Nohra), Amt Lohra (Friedrichslohra), Klostvorwerk Dietenborn (Großberndten), Gut Utterode near Rehungen (Wülfingerode) , Sheep farm and restaurant Nixei (Steina), hamlet Cleisingen (Ellrich), Gut Bischofferode (Appenrode), Gut Wülferode (Werna), Steinmühl (Sülzhayn), ironworks Sorge (Benneckenstein), forester's houses Sophienhof and Hufhaus with Fuhrbachsmühle (Rothesütte), Vorwerk Birkenmohr and Forsthaus Königerode.
Organization of administration
The district was headed by a sub-prefect . The sub-prefect of the Nordhausen district was the former Kurmainzer Hofrat and Prussian war and domain councilor Georg Christian von Steinmetz [en] zu Siemerode († July 2, 1817).
The district council to control the tax lists was formed by Messrs Ludwig Friedrich von Zengen auf Mackenrode, Freiherr Friedrich von Rüxleben, Johann Friedrich von Hinüber, Friedrich von Hagen (on Mauderode), Friedrich Wilhelm von Arnstedt, the mayor Mehler, the Maire Philipp Töpfer, the citizens Christian Felber and Daniel Jen (i) sch zu Bleicherode, Karl Moldenhauer zu Ellrich and Mr. Stockelmann zu Kinderode.
Cantonal division
| Cantons | Kantonmaire | Population numbers (as of 1807) |
|---|---|---|
| Nordhausen | Johann Conrad Ephraim Grünhagen | 10,795 |
| Benneckenstein | Heinrich August Städer | 3412 |
| Bleicherode | August Friedrich Schönstedt | 5386 |
| Changes | Carl Wilhelm Bötticher | 6949 |
| Ellrich | August Coler | 5605 |
| Neustadt | Friedrich Ludwig Heumann (actuary at Ilfelder Stift) | 3342 |
| Pützlingen | Friedrich Wilhelm (Martin?) Diederichs (son of Woffleber's clerk Wilhelmine Diederich) | 2723 |
| Pustleben | Friedrich Christoph Wilhelm von Hagen (on Deuna ) | 3691 |
| Sachsa | Johann August Moritz Mehler | 4641 |
literature
- Kuhlbrodt Peter, Das Alte Ellrich. History of a southern Harz city , Nordhausen 2000.
- Hassel Georg , Court and State Manual of the Kingdom of Westphalia , Hanover 1811.
- Friedrich Thimme, The internal conditions of the Electorate of Hanover under the French-Westphalian rule 1806–1813 , Bd. II, Leipzig / Hanover 1895.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hassel Georg : Hof = and State Handbook of the Kingdom of Westphalia , Hanover 1811, p. 165, (12, 15 square miles )
- ↑ Schmaling, Gottlieb Christoph, collection of mixed messages on Hohnstein's history, description of the earth and statistics, along with added useful remarks on the recording of health, field, gardening and house building, housekeeping and cattle breeding [et] c. (Hohnsteinisches Magazin), St. 33, Halberstadt 1791, p. 505.
- ↑ Schmaling, Gottlieb Christoph, collection of mixed messages on Hohnstein's history, description of the earth and statistics, along with added useful remarks on the recording of health, field, gardening and house building, housekeeping and cattle breeding [et] c. (Hohnsteinisches Magazin), St. 33, Halberstadt 1791, p. 505.
- ↑ Schmaling, Gottlieb Christoph, collection of mixed messages on Hohnstein's history, description of the earth and statistics, along with added useful remarks on the recording of health, field, gardening and house building, housekeeping and cattle breeding [et] c. (Hohnsteinisches Magazin), St. 33, Halberstadt 1791, p. 508.
- ↑ Population statistics of the Nordhausen district for the years 1808–1811, in: Heimatland - Illustrierte Heimatblätter für die Südlichen Vorlande des Harzes, 11th year (1914/15), No. 16, p. 124 f.
