Eckartsberg (Mittelherwigsdorf)

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Eckartsberg
Coordinates: 50 ° 54 ′ 56 ″  N , 14 ° 48 ′ 23 ″  E
Height : 250 m above sea level NHN
Area : 7.2 km²
Residents : 838  (Sep. 30, 2016)
Population density : 116 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : March 1, 1994
Postal code : 02763
Area code : 03583
Eckartsberg (Saxony)
Eckartsberg

Location of Eckartsberg in Saxony
View from Hasenberg to the northern part of Eckartsberg

Eckartsberg is a district of Mittelherwigsdorf in the district of Görlitz .

geography

location

Eckartsberg is located in the southern part of the district in the Zittau Basin in Eastern Upper Lusatia . The village extends over three kilometers on the left side of the Eckartsbach from northwest to southeast between Oberseifersdorf and the Weinau on the northeastern city limits of Zittau . In the lower part Eckartsberg is crossed by the Zittau – Hagenwerder railway line . In the north, the new federal highway 178 runs parallel to the village . To the north rise the Steinberg ( 326  m ) and the Eckartsberg ( 299  m ), to the southwest the Kummersberg ( 300  m ), to the west the Hasenberg and to the northwest the Herwigsdorfer Höhe and the Höllberg ( 270  m ).

Neighboring places

Oberherwigsdorf Oberseifersdorf Wittgendorf
Hasenberg , Mittelherwigsdorf Neighboring communities Radgendorf
Zittau, Pethau Zittau

history

Based on the size and boundary of the corridor, it is assumed that the village existed before the colonization in the east. Eckardistorph was first mentioned in writing in 1310. At that time, the St. Marienthal monastery owned several farms, the rest belonged to Heinrich von Leipa . The village was probably named after a locator named Eckhard. With the strengthening of the city of Zittau , several farms were gradually acquired by wealthy Zittau citizens. At the beginning of the 16th century, the Zittau council also acquired the Marienthal share; so he owned the entire village. With a brief interruption as a result of the Upper Lusatian Pönfall , Eckartsberg always remained one of the Zittau council villages, but in 1618 the St. Marienthal monastery led a legal dispute with the city over ownership claims in Eckartsberg. The Schleekretscham located in the Eckartsbach Gorge in the north-western part of the village has been documented since 1560 in connection with a "Schleerichter am Berge"; Not far from there was an unsuccessful ore mining attempt in the second half of the 16th century. From the tunnel, the "Kuxloch", a pipe water pipeline led to the Eckartsberger Schlössel since 1599, and from there to Zittau. The Zittau council had the Eckartsberg pipeline renewed in 1682 and 1722 and expanded with new water catchment systems at the Hasenberg estates. The Schleemühle was built near Schleekretscham in 1676.

Zittau citizens have been building summer houses on the slope of Eckartsbach since the 18th century; this trend lasted until the middle of the 19th century, after which they preferred the Zittau Mountains . In contrast to most of the other Zittau council villages, only a few weavers settled in Eckartsberg in the 18th century. The inhabitants of the village were mainly farmers, artisans and day laborers. The Schleekretscham developed at the transition from the 18th to the 19th century to a well-known social place beyond the local borders. The old Zittau-Herrnhuter Strasse, which runs through the Eckartsbach Gorge on Schleekretscham, was expanded into the Hohen Heerstrasse and Landstrasse between 1826 and 1827, with the four houses called "Vierhäuser" being built along the street. In 1843, the mining of lignite began in the Eckartsbachaue at the foot of the Hasenberg. In the second half of the 19th century, coal mining was expanded, in addition to the "lignite works at the Schlößchen" and the "Gerlach'schen lignite works", further pits were built on the adjacent Zittau Hasenbergfluren, in which Zittau citizens and craftsmen in mostly small pits disregarding the Security mining coal. In the 1860s, in particular, there were several fatal accidents in the "lignite works at the Schlößchen". Behind the Schleekretscham, a quarry was built in the middle of the 19th century , in which spherical basalt was mined and processed into gravel for road and railroad construction. In the immediate vicinity of the quarry, the Alfred Hübner GmbH paper tube factory was built on Zittau-Löbauer Chaussee in 1911; no further industrial establishments took place. Eckartsberg was always parish in Zittau.

The basalt plant was shut down in the second half of the 20th century. The paper mill located between the entrances to the basalt plant and the Schleekretscham formed the paper core production area of ​​the VEB paper processing plant in Zittau during the GDR. The Eckartsberg farmers were collectivized into the LPG "Aufstieg" in 1953, which cultivated 285 hectares. In 1960 the Oberhasenberg estate was merged with the two Zittau Hasenberg estates to form "GPG Hasenberg", which grew field vegetables on 45 hectares north of Zittau as far as Weinau. In 1965 Radgendorf was incorporated. After the political change in the 1990s, the industrial area "Zittau Nord / Ost" was created at the southeast end of Eckartsberg, about 20% of which is 110 hectares in the Eckartsberg district. The paper tube factory has been operating as Eckartsberger Papierverarbeitung GmbH since 1991 when it was privatized. On March 1, 1994, Mittelherwigsdorf, Oberseifersdorf and Eckartsberg merged to form a large community of Mittelherwigsdorf. The Zittau northern bypass of federal highway 178 has been running north of the village since 2000 .

Place name

The forms of names Eckardistorph (1310), Eckardisdorff (1315), Eckersberg (1377), Eckersdorff (1390), Eckardstorf (1391), Eckerschdorff (1528), Eckartsberg (1595), Eckersberg (1700) and Eckersberg or Eckhardsberg ( 1815).

Administrative affiliation

1777: Görlitzer Kreis, 1849: Regional Court District Löbau, 1856: Judicial Office Zittau, 1875: Amtshauptmannschaft Zittau , 1952: District Zittau , 1994: District Löbau-Zittau , 2008: District Görlitz

Population development

year Residents
1547 27 obsessed man
1777 20 possessed men, 26 gardeners, 13 cottagers
1834 513
1871 598
1890 626
1910 1097
1925 1124
1939 1143
1946 1524
1950 1501
1964 1402
1990 1202
2016 838

Townscape

Eckartsberg was created as a one-sided forest hoof village. The Hufenflur extends exclusively over the loess clay soils northeast of the Eckartsbach valley. The street village extends over three kilometers on the slope on the left side of the Eckartsbach up to the Zittauer Urnenhain. The large, widely visible courtyards on the hill or on the hillside with the former milk paths rising from the valley are characteristic of the site. There is a height difference of approx. 60 m between the houses in the village near the stream and the four-sided courtyards on the hill outside. East of the Schleekretscham rises the rock face of the abandoned quarry with up to 30 cm thick and 15 m high basalt columns, the up to 17 m deep quarry lake serves as diving water.

With the exception of the upper village, the western boundary of the district runs along the Eckartsbach, with the course of the brook itself only forming the border on a short section, mostly in a straight line through the floodplains to the right or left of the brook. With the exception of the Eckartsbachtal and the Höllberge, the local corridors are used for agriculture; the proportion of forest areas is low. The Eckartsbach forms its western outer border. The difference in height between the houses near the stream and the manors on the hill is about 60 m.

Local division

Particularly named locations are:

  • The Lehde gardens , formerly a group of houses at the upper end of the village on the road to Oberseifersdorf above the steep slope to Eckartsbach. With the re-routing of federal road 178 as a Zittau northern bypass to federal road 99 , which was created at the end of the 1990s , the houses with the exception of a three-sided courtyard were demolished and the old road to Oberseifersdorf was cut off. At the district triangle between Eckartsberg, Oberseifersdorf and Mittelherwigsdorf to the northwest of the courtyard is the junction of state road 132 from federal road 178, which leads through the Eckartsbach gorge to Zittau .
  • The four houses , sometimes also called five houses, a row of houses on Löbauer Straße (S 132) below a steep slope east of the Hasenberg at the lower exit of the Eckartsbach gorge
  • Oberhasenberg , the northern of the three Hasenberggüter lies west of Eckartsberg on a knoll above the valley of the Hasenbergwasser. Immediately west of the courtyard are the remains of the abandoned Hasenberg moated castle .

particularities

  • Several manors, including
    • "Zur Sandgrube 12-16", two preserved wings of a four-sided courtyard from the 18th century in Niederdorf
    • “Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 37 “, Vierseithof in the center, the closed courtyard consists of an old stable house with surrounding framework and long upper arbor, a new residential stable house made of quarry stone with a stone surrounding imitation, outbuildings, the courtyard arch on the street and remnants of the old courtyard paving with a water trough
    • "Feldstraße 7" ( Riedelsches Gut ), in the Vierseithof, the Eckartsberg village museum was set up by the Eckartsberg local history association from 2008 onwards
    • "Bergstraße 43" ( Gasthof zum alten Gut ), a four-sided farm that has been converted into an inn on the new B 178
    • "Am Hasenberg 1" ( Oberhasenberg ), the Vierseithof was the largest of the 20 Eckartsberg estates.
  • Several half-timbered houses
    • three former half-timbered houses in Geschwister-Scholl-Strasse and Löbauer Strasse, long-column buildings with a compartment-high cross-strut structure on the upper floor
    • “Löbauer Straße 6” and “Löbauer Straße 21”, two well-preserved half-timbered houses from the second half of the 19th century
  • Hasenberg moated castle ground monument
  • Natural monuments
    • "Härtelts Linde", winter linden tree in the Bergstrasse 24 courtyard
    • Winter linden tree on the Bergstrasse 20 property
    • "Kaisers Eiche", pedunculate oak at the farm at Feldstrasse 19
    • Herbstzeitlosenwiese on Scheidebach
    • Pond meadow in the headwaters of the Fröschelbach, breeding habitat of the gray bunting

literature

  • The south-eastern Upper Lusatia with Zittau and the Zittau Mountains (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 16). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 129-130.
  • Carl Gottlob Moráwek : History of Eckartsberg near Zittau . Zittau 1873 ( digitized version )
  • Carl Gottlob Moráwek: History of the so-called Schlösschen am Eckartsberg belonging to the town of Zittau . Zittau 1875
  • Friedrich Eckarth: Chronica or historical description of those two next to Zittau adjoining Dörffer Eckersberg and Olbersdorff , Herwigsdorff 1732 ( digital full-text edition at Wikisource )

Web links

Commons : Eckartsberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eckartsberg (Mittelherwigsdorf) in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony