Mission unit (Germany)

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The application unit (depending on the country and Relief Train called) is a tactical unit of civil protection . After the end of the Cold War, it replaced the earlier disaster control trains in some federal states. In contrast to these, the operational unit combines the disaster control services, care service and medical service, which is why it can be used more flexibly and extensively. However, the equipment and financing in Germany differ from federal state to federal state, since disaster control lies in the legislative competence of the federal states.

The usually volunteer staff is provided by the various aid organizations such as Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund (ASB), Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe (JUH), Malteser Hilfsdienst (MHD), German Life Rescue Society (DLRG) or the German Red Cross (DRK). The material and the vehicles are mainly financed by the federal government and the federal states, but also partly by the aid organizations.

history

At the beginning of the 1990s, the German Red Cross developed the concept of operational units. The starting point was the experience that the existing units of the medical and support service of the disaster control were only used in exceptional cases to deal with damaging events. They were too big, too cumbersome and too heavily geared towards civil defense . The newly designed emergency units should be able to quickly and flexibly help the people affected in the event of damage of any magnitude. Particular attention was paid to the fact that the emergency services could be deployed in a multifunctional manner - i.e. both in the medical service and in the care service. The DRK mission unit should be able to be deployed both as a complete unit and broken down into the individual specialist groups.

The concept of the mission unit was then implemented nationwide by the German Red Cross. In North Rhine-Westphalia, the concept was modified and made mandatory for all aid organizations as the NRW operational unit in 1998. Some other countries also introduced similar models. The countries in which operational units were set up, however, have in some cases defined different structures, equipment features and personnel strengths. The following description is therefore only an example.

general structure

The strength of the task force is around 30, but sometimes significantly more. It is often divided into the four sub-units of the management team, the medical team, the support group and the technology and safety team.

Leadership troop (platoon troop)

Lead vehicle from Stegen, 2004

The leadership team leads the operation in the assigned operational section. He coordinates the subordinate groups and is the link to the higher-level operations command. The operations management (technical operations management) is supported by a specialist service advisor and he maintains the connection to the platoon. The mission orders are also transmitted to the mission unit in this way. The leadership team often consists of three to four people, including the platoon leader . The aid organization usually procures and equips the lead vehicle.

Medical group

Medical group in Kirchzarten, 2003

The medical service group often consists of around ten emergency services, but sometimes more. As vehicles serve as ambulances , equipment carts Medical (GW-San) or medical group cars or station wagon with a trailer. In some cases, there are also independent transport squadrons that occupy the ambulances and are responsible for further patient transport.

The medical team brings the necessary material to the emergency site and supports emergency doctors and non-medical rescue service personnel in the care of the injured or sick. In the damaged area, the group can be used in the search for and first aid for patients. It can co-operate the necessary infrastructure such as patient trays or treatment stations . The emergency services can be used to transport patients from the damage area to the treatment center, thanks to the existing ambulance vehicles (KTW) also for transport to the hospital.

The paramedic group can be deployed as a rapid deployment paramedic service independently of the emergency unit. It is therefore also used in major accidents.

Supervision group

Supervision team from Mülheim ad Ruhr, 2005

The group of the care service often consists of more than 10 emergency workers. The vehicles used are usually two care vehicles (BtKombi) or team transport vehicles (MTW), some with a trailer , and a care lorry (BtLKW) with a field cooker (FKH). The care group can be used as a rapid response group and is therefore also available for operations below the disaster threshold. In principle, the care group takes care of uninjured victims.

Troop technology and safety

The technical and security team is a support team. A motor vehicle (e.g. station wagon or crew transport vehicle) with a trailer is often used as the vehicle.

He supports the other groups in action by creating or securing the infrastructure and assumes the safety-related safeguarding of the entire operational unit in action (if necessary in coordination with other organizations, e.g. fire brigade or THW ). The main tasks of the technology and safety team include the provision of electricity with the help of power generation units and the corresponding accompanying equipment, as well as the gas and water supply and, if necessary, the illumination of the area of ​​operation.

Furthermore, it is the task of the technology and safety team to ensure the general operational safety of all systems in the area of ​​operation and to ensure compliance with occupational safety , safety and accident prevention regulations , which is why the team's helpers are trained in the dangerous goods ordinance for road, rail and inland waterway transport, among other things . The systems to be monitored include emergency power generators, tent and water heaters, but also the professional creation of cable connections and the protection of hazardous areas .

In addition to these tasks, the team plays a key role in the logistics of the entire unit and serves as the “ girl for everything ”. Because of this wide range of tasks, it is often the case that "the technicians" have to have completed the majority of their work before the first patient or affected person can be cared for by the staff of the other specialist groups.

Furthermore, the team monitors the appropriate respiratory and body protection of the emergency services, offers technical support in the decontamination of persons / injured persons, advises the unit professionally in accidents with chemical or radiological substances and carries out technical measures to protect the unit in the event of accidents with hazardous substances.

Mission units according to the countries

Situation in Baden-Württemberg

Graphic representation of the structure of an operational unit in Baden-Württemberg

In 2008 the Ministry of the Interior of Baden-Württemberg modified the concept of the emergency units with the "Joint Notes of the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs" and made it a standard in the state's disaster control. The concept differs in parts significantly from the nationwide standard. In addition to the definition of minimum equipment and minimum strength, there is a requirement for the performance to be provided per module or unit of use. A distinction is made between two types of emergency units: The first aid unit has an SEG first aid unit, which is designed for the rapid care of 10 patients in the triage categories T1 to T3. Instead, the treatment unit carries the required material with it in order to be able to operate a treatment center together with a first aid unit. The first aid group is divided into a service module for first aid or treatment and a service module for transport. In Baden-Württemberg there are currently considerations to reverse the distinction between the first aid unit and treatment, due to the fact that these units have the same tactical value (as of spring 2015); the first aid / treatment module would then become the first aid module across the board.

In the security architecture of the state of Baden-Württemberg, there are operational units (EE) of the following nature:

  • Performance module leadership ( 3/2/1/6 , i.e. doctor, 2 platoon leaders , 2 group leaders and 1 helper; possibly supplemented by an association leader ),
  • First aid service module (for the care of at least 10 patients; corresponds to a rapid response group - first aid (SEG-E), consisting of 9 emergency services; occupying an AW country or GW -E and at least one station wagon)
or
  • Service module treatment (9 to 18 emergency services; occupying a GW-San or medical troop car and at least one station wagon),
  • Transport service module (4–6 emergency services; 2 ambulances or GRTW manning ),
  • Service module support and logistics (- / 1/8/9 ; a station wagon, a truck, possibly with FKH manning),
  • Performance module technology and safety (- / 1/3/4 ; occupying a corresponding / adequate vehicle).

Ideally, 25 BHP units of both variants (with the first aid module and treatment module) are used together for one treatment station.

Situation in Lower Saxony

In Lower Saxony, a so-called "emergency train service and support" ( 3/4/24/31 ) is set up as follows:

  • Platoon Headquarters (1/1/2/ 4 ;. Platoon leaders, Vice drivers, Sprechfunker / detector and helper; Einsatzleitwagen (ELW) and optionally 1 leader vehicle)
  • Sanitation two groups (each 1/1/7/ 9 ; group leader, doctor, paramedic 2, 2 paramedic / rescue workers and 3 rescuer / medical attendants; trolley (GW) Sanitation and Mannschaftstransportwagen (MTW))
  • Supervision group ( 0/1/8/9 ; group leader and 8 caregivers; GW care and MTW)

Depending on the deployment, these deployment trains can be supported by the following supplementary units:

  • Leadership group ( 4/3/2/9 ; association leader, deputy association leader, medical leader BHP 50 NDS / BTP 500 NDS, platoon leader, group leader, 2 radio operators / detectors and 2 management assistants; management vehicles (FüKW) and command vehicles (KdoW))
  • Logistics and technology group ( 0/1/8/9 ; group leader and 8 helpers; GW logistics large, GW logistics small, trailer power generator 40 kVA and MTW)
  • Food Group (0/1/8/ 9 ; group leader and 8 helper; GW board, MTW, field kitchen and refrigerated trailer)
  • Relay Psychosocial emergency care (pSNV) (0/1/4/ 5 ; group leader, 2 helper with training for crisis intervention helper and helper 2 with training for a friendly contact; MTW)
  • Patient transport relay (0/1/5/ 6 ; 3 and 3 paramedic rescuer / medical attendants; 3 min KTW type B, for the transportation of two patients.)

A treatment station (BHP) 50 NDS (can provide medical care to 50 patients per hour in two rounds) consists of two emergency services and support trains, the management group and the logistics and technology group. A care place (BTP) 500 NDS (can care for 500 people for at least 48 hours in a permanent accommodation) is composed similarly, only two catering groups are added.

Situation in North Rhine-Westphalia

The operational unit according to the state of North Rhine-Westphalia has a strength of 2/7/24/33 and consists of the following sub-units:

  • Leadership squad 1/1/2/4 (1 platoon leader, 1 group leader and 2 leadership assistants; occupying a leadership combination);
  • Medical group 1/1/8/10 :
    • First aid squadron 1/1/4/6 (1 group leader, 1 doctor and 4 rescue workers ; occupying a GW-San)
    • KTW 1 - / - / 2/ 2 ( paramedics and rescue workers; an emergency ambulance occupying)
    • KTW 2 - / - / 2/ 2 (paramedics and rescue workers, ambulance or an emergency ambulance occupying);
  • Supervision group - / 4/11/15 :
    • Support relay 1 - / 2/4/6 (1 group leader, 1 troop leader as sub-leader for the relay and 4 helpers; occupying a care combination with support trailer),
    • Supervision relay 2 - / 1/5/6 (1 squad leader as subordinate for the relay and 5 helpers; occupying a care combination),
    • Food Trupp - / 1/2/ 3 (a squad leader and 2 helper, a service truck occupying);
  • Trupp technology - / 1/3/ 4 (1 squad leader and 3 helper; a technique with combination use of trailer technique occupying).

At least four of the emergency services must prove an additional qualification in the field of psychosocial emergency care (PSNV). The doctor should have an emergency medical service certificate ( emergency doctor qualification ).

Two of these deployment units can either be a treatment center standby BHP-B 50 NRW (for one treatment center for admitting and caring for at least 50 patients per hour; can be used independently for up to four hours) or a care center standby BTP-B 500 NRW (for at least 500 people; self-sufficient for up to four hours).

Situation in Saxony

The emergency train (KatS-EZ) according to the state of Saxony has a total strength of 2/4/26/32 and consists of:

  • Trupp guide (1/1/1/ 3 , a multi-purpose vehicle or ELW 1 occupying)
  • Medical group (1/1/7/ 9 , a MTW by 5 helper and a GW-San by emergency, squad leader and 2 occupying paramedic)
  • Relay Transport (- / 1/5/ 6 ; an emergency ambulance type B by a group of leaders and emergency medical technician and 2 emergency ambulance type B occupying each by paramedics and helper)
  • Support group (- / 1/10/ 11 ; occupying a MTW by group leader and 2 as well as a helper BtLKW / GW-Bt by helper 8),
  • Food Trupp (- / - / 3/ 3 , a trolley supply (GW-V) with FKH and refrigerated trailer by occupying 3 helper).

Situation in Thuringia

Instead, the state of Thuringia is pursuing the concept of a medical and care train comprising 42 emergency services ( 5/12/25/42 ). In addition to its size, the technical team belonging to the support group is a specialty (see below). The train consists of:

  • Platoon Headquarters (1/1/2/ 4 ; a ELW 1 occupying)
  • Medical group ( 4/6/8/18 ),
    • Medical corps (1/2/3/ 6 , i.e., doctor, group leader, squad leader and 3 helper;.. A GW-San occupying)
    • Medical team (3 / - / 1/4 , i.e. 3 doctors and 1 assistant; occupying an MTW),
    • 4 × transport troops (each - / 1/1/2 , i.e. troop leader and helper; occupying ambulance),
  • Supervision group (- / 5/15/20 ),
    • Accommodation squad (- / 2/5/7 , i.e. group leader, squad leader and 5 helpers; occupying one MTW),
    • Support troop (- / 1/5/6 , i.e. troop leader and 5 helpers; occupying an MTW),
    • Food Trupp (- / 1/2/ 3 , i.e. squad leader and 2 helper, a BtLKW with FKH occupying..),
    • Trupp technique (- / 1/3/ 4 .., D h squad leader and 3 helper, a "emergency vehicle Technical Group," short ETG, occupying).

The term "emergency train" is also known in the Thuringian disaster control system, but here it refers to special formations of the fire brigade or fire protection service .

Training of the operational unit

Every helper in the operational unit receives basic training in which basic knowledge is imparted in operational tactics, medical services, care services, psychosocial emergency care (PSNV) as well as technology and safety. In the event of an incident, this ensures that the other specialist service groups also provide assistance in the event of an urgent need. This is followed by specialist service training in the disaster control service provided for the helper and the necessary functional training. Emergency forces intended for management positions also attend the training courses for troop, group or platoon leaders as well as the formation leader training in the event of cooperation with another operational unit in overarching operations.

The exact design of these training modules varies greatly both by aid organization and by federal state.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Joint advice from the Ministry of the Interior and the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs regarding operational units
  2. ↑ Comprehensive state parliament documents on civil protection  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www2.landtag-bw.de  
  3. ↑ a b c Concept of the Ministry of the Interior for the deployment planning and handling of a mass attack of injured or sick people in disaster control (MANV concept) from 7 July 2008. On: einsatzeinheit3.de ( Memento from 4 March 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
  4. ↑ a b c Structure and target strength of the disaster control units ; Appendix 1 (PDF). In: Lower Saxony Regulations Information System. March 10, 2017, accessed July 2, 2020.
  5. ↑ a b c d e Ministry of the Interior and Local Affairs of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: State concept of supra-local assistance in North Rhine-Westphalia "Sanitary and Care Service". Issue July 1, 2013 (PDF)
  6. ↑ Note: By readiness one understands a tactical unit ( association ) of a certain size.
  7. ↑ a b Saxon Disaster Control Ordinance - SächsKatSVO (2012) ( Memento from August 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
  8. ↑ Annex to the Saxon Disaster Control Ordinance . Retrieved August 8, 2018 .
  9. ↑ a b c d Thuringian Ministry of the Interior: Thuringian Disaster Control Ordinance (ThürKatSVO) in diagrams ( Memento from August 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)
  10. ↑ Planning for the ManV in Baden-Württemberg ( Memento from March 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF)