Eminium
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Eminium spiculatum inflorescence |
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Eminium is a genus of plants fromthe Arum family (Araceae). The nine species are native to Turkey and the Middle East to Central Asia . There they grow on barren, sandy to stony soils.
description
The species of the genus Eminium are medium-sized, seasonally dormant perennial herbaceous plants . The tuber is spherical with waxy dust on the tip and between the lower leaves . There are three to six (up to eight) leaves . The leaf sheath is quite long. The leaf blade is elongated-elliptical in Eminium lehmannii , Eminium regulii and Eminium koenenianum , in the other species it is linear to hollowed-spike-shaped or foot-shaped split or cut with upright, spirally twisted lobes. The primary side veins of the leaf sections have pinnate-shaped branches that unite in front of the edge to form a peripheral vein, while the higher-order vein is networked.
The single, foul-smelling inflorescence appears with the leaves. The inflorescence stem , which is often strongly thickened at the tip , is far surmounted by the stem of the supporting leaf. The withered not falling spatha has a bulbous, almost to elongated tube with rolled edges, the erect lamina is oblong to oval-oblong with smooth or at spiculatum Eminium densely wrinkled inner surface. The seated, slender spadix is shorter than the spathe. The short, cylindrical zone of the female flowers is separated by a longer section with mostly sparsely distributed sterile flowers from the shorter to longer, ellipsoidal to cylindrical zone of the male flowers. The mostly rather short appendage is sessile or stalked, elongated club-shaped or narrow to broadly cylindrical and has a smooth, wrinkled surface in Eminium spiculatum and Eminium koenenianum .
The unisexual flowers lack an envelope . The male flowers have two free stamens with seated or almost seated anthers . The connective is slim, the pollen sacs are oblong-ellipsoidal and tear open at the tip through a slit. The staminodes of the sterile flowers consist of protruding, awl, sometimes flattened, straight to slightly curved processes. The female flowers consist of a einfächerigen, ellipsoidal to inverted-egg shaped ovary , the two orthotropic ovules contains. The funiculus is short, the placentation is basal or nearly basal. The stylus is short or indistinct with hemispherical scar . The fruit is a rounded berry that contains one (or two) seeds . The seeds are inverted beet-shaped to rounded with a leathery, wrinkled skin and large strophiole . The embryo is small and elongated, the endosperm is abundant.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24 or 48.
Systematics
Carl Ludwig Blume established the Arum sect section in 1836 . Eminium flower on. Heinrich Wilhelm Schott raised them to the rank of genus in 1855. Type species is Eminium spiculatum (Blume) Schott ( Basionym : Arum spiculatum Blume ). The genus Eminium belongs to the tribe Areae in the subfamily Aroideae within the family Araceae . The name Eminium honors Emin Pascha , the doctor and Africa explorer.
species
The genus Eminium consists of nine species:
- Eminium albertii (rule) Engler : Afghanistan , Turkmenistan , Uzbekistan
- Eminium heterophyllum (Blume) Schott : southeastern Turkey, Syria , western Iran
- Eminium intortum (Banks & Soland) Kuntze : southeastern Turkey, Syria
- Eminium jaegeri Bogner & PCBoyce : northwestern Iran
- Eminium koenenianum Lobin & PCBoyce : northeastern Turkey
- Eminium lehmannii (Bunge) Kuntze : Afghanistan, Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Turkmenistan, Tajikistan , Uzbekistan
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Eminium rauwolffii (flower) Schott : It occurs from Turkey to Syria and southwestern Iran.
- Eminium rauwolffii var. Kotschyi (Schott) Riedl
- Eminium rauwolffii var. Rauwolffii
- Eminium Regelii Vved. : Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
- Eminium spiculatum (flower) Schott : Turkey, Lebanon , Israel , Palestine , Jordan , Egypt , northern Iran, northern Iraq
use
The bulbs of Eminium spiculatum are used as food in the coastal area of Egypt.
The bulbs of Eminium regulii are traditionally used as an analgesic in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan .
swell
literature
- Harald Riedl: Critical investigations on the genus Eminium (flower) Schott along with remarks on some other aroids of the southwest Asian flora . In: Annals of the Natural History Museum in Vienna . tape 73 , 1969, p. 103–121 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Peter Boyce: The Genus Eminium on aroid.org
- ↑ Carl Ludwig Blume: Rumphia. Volume 1, Leiden a. a. 1836, p. 121 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Heinrich Wilhelm Schott: Aroideae. Volume 3, C. Gerold, Vienna, 1855, p. 16.
- ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Eminium. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ↑ Adolf Engler : IV. 23F Araceae-Aroideae and Araceae-Pistioideae (= The Plant Kingdom . Regni vegetablilis conspectus . Volume 73 ). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig 1920, p. 128-132 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Sasha W. Eisenman, David E. Zaurov, Lena Struwe: Medicinal Plants of Central Asia: Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Springer, New York, 2012, p. 99, ISBN 978-1-4614-3912-7 .
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