Enrofloxacin

Structural formula
General
Non-proprietary name	Enrofloxacin
other names	1-Cyclopropyl-7- (4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl) -6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid
Molecular formula	C 19 H 22 FN 3 O 3
External identifiers / databases
EC number	618-911-2
ECHA InfoCard	100.131.355
PubChem	71188
ChemSpider	64326
Wikidata	Q414413
Drug information
ATC code	Q J01MA90
Drug class	Antibiotics
Mechanism of action	Gyrase inhibitors
properties
Molar mass	359.39 g · mol -1
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS labeling of hazardous substances	no GHS pictograms
	no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases	H: no H-phrases
	P: no P-phrases
Toxicological data	4336 mg kg −1 ( LD 50 , mouse , oral )
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Enrofloxacin is an antibiotic from the group of active substances called fluoroquinolones .

properties

Enrofloxacin is a gyrase inhibitor and has a bactericidal effect . There is high bioavailability after both oral and parenteral administration . Elimination occurs primarily via the kidneys . The half-lives are between 2 and 7 hours depending on the species, the main metabolite is ciprofloxacin .

application areas

Enrofloxacin is used as an anti- infectious agent for the treatment of infectious diseases in dogs , chickens , calves , cats , cattle , small pets , turkeys , fattening rabbits and pigs . It has a good effect against a large number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria , including Escherichia coli , Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae ( swine rotlauf ), Haemophilus spp., Salmonella spp., Mycoplasmas ( M. bovis & M. hyopneumoniae ), Pasteurella spp. and staphylococci . Depending on the species, the focus is on the treatment of specific diseases :

Dogs / cats: infections of the respiratory and digestive tract, urinary system and skin

Chickens / turkeys: contagious colds in chickens ( Coryza contagiosa avium ), salmonellosis , poultry cholera , E. coli infections

Calves / cattle: infections of the respiratory and digestive tract and colisepticemia , udder inflammation ( mastitis )

Pigs: diseases of the digestive tract ( colidiarrhea , colisepticemia ), enzootic pneumonia and MMA syndrome in sows

Interactions

The simultaneous use of chloramphenicol , tetracyclines or macrolide antibiotics can lead to antagonistic effects. If there is resistance to quinolones, there is no effectiveness because there is cross-resistance to all fluoroquinolones. If streptococcal infection is proven, it should not be used due to its low effectiveness.

Application forms

Enrofloxacin can be administered intravenously , subcutaneously or orally as a solution or tablet.

Side effects

Growing dogs and turkeys in particular have a particular sensitivity to enrofloxacin. This leads to severe damage to the cartilage growth, so that use in this age group is generally not permitted ( contraindicated ). Gastrointestinal disturbances and (with high doses ) local reactions at the injection site may also occur as side effects.

Trade names

Avoczol, Baytril, Colmyc, Doraflox, Enrobactin, Enro-K, Enro-Sleecol, Enroflox, Enrostar, Enrotab, Enrotril, Enrotron, Enrox, Enroxil, Fenoflox, Floxibac, Lanflox, Orniflox, Powerflox, Roxacin, Spectoflox, Roxacin, Xeden

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c data sheet enrofloxacin from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 13, 2017 ( PDF ).

Web links

Entry on Enrofloxacin at Vetpharm, accessed August 4, 2012.

[sigma-1] ta sheet enrofloxacin from Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on May 13, 2017 ( PDF ).