Earthquake in Nepal 2015

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Earthquake in Nepal 2015
Earthquake in Nepal 2015 (Nepal)
Bullseye1.svg
date April 25, 2015
Time 06:11:27 ( UTC )
Magnitude 7.8  M W
depth 18 km
epicenter 28 ° 8 '49 "  N , 84 ° 42' 29"  E Coordinates: 28 ° 8 '49 "  N , 84 ° 42' 29"  E
country Nepal
dead 8,786
Injured 22.303
damage 800,000 collapsed houses
Earthquakes and aftershocks (M> 4) from April 25 to June 15, 2015. Blue: frequency. Red: Max. Magnitude.
Severe earthquakes hit Nepal on April 25 and May 12, 2015. The mountainous state lies on a convergent plate boundary and is therefore at risk of earthquakes. The map shows the course of the plate boundaries and the epicentres of the earthquakes.
Destroyed houses in Nepal after the earthquake, photo taken on May 9, 2015
Destroyed houses on the Kathmandu ring road
Damage in a village north of Kathmandu
Volunteers in Durbar Square, Kathmandu

The earthquake in Nepal in 2015 (in the media as an earthquake in the Himalayas called) took place in April and May 2015. The first major and strongest quake had a magnitude of 7.8 M W on April 25, 2015 at 11:56 PM Local time. In addition to Nepal , North and Northeast India , Tibet , the People's Republic of China , Pakistan and Bangladesh also reported tremors. The epicenter was near Barpak about 80 kilometers northwest of the capital Kathmandu . The hypocenter was at a depth of 18 km. A day later there was a 6.7 magnitude aftershock. Numerous aftershocks followed by mid-June 2015. By May 10, more than 7,900 dead had been recovered.

The second strongest earthquake in Nepal in 2015 shook the region near Namche Bazar , 83 kilometers east of Kathmandu, near the border with China , on May 12 at 12:35:27 p.m. local time with a magnitude of 7.2 for 25 seconds . The hypocenter was 15 kilometers deep. Six aftershocks of magnitude 5.0 and higher followed. Half an hour later, a 6.3 magnitude aftershock occurred. The center was in the Ramechhap district , also east of Kathmandu. At least 148 people died in the May 12 earthquake. 34 days after the first and 17 days after the second large earthquake, the strongest aftershock since mid-May with a magnitude of 4.9 followed on May 29; an equally strong earthquake was registered two weeks later. On July 22, 2015, at 10:14 p.m. local time, an aftershock with a magnitude of 4.6 hit the epicenter of Kathmandu.

The earthquake is considered to be the deadliest disaster in the history of Nepal. According to the Nepalese government, almost 8,800 people died as a result of the quake and around 22,300 were injured there.

root cause

The cause of the repeated severe earthquakes in Nepal is the location of the country. Nepal is located in a geological high risk zone, the border of two tectonic plates . For millions of years, the Indo-Australian plate has been moving slowly northward at a speed of around 4.5 centimeters per year towards the much larger Eurasian plate and pushing up to the Himalayan Fold Mountains. This movement of the plate takes place under such high pressure that the tension built up is discharged in jerky earthquakes.

Victim

Kathmandu Valley and surrounding regions

The worst hit is the Kathmandu valley and nearby valleys, where many people were buried under the rubble of collapsing houses or under debris avalanches. By April 28, more than 4,387 dead had been recovered. The Nepalese government estimated that over 10,000 people may have died. For a while there was no electricity or drinking water supply in the capital, Kathmandu .

Other regions and neighboring countries

The small town of Langtang in the Langtang National Park with 55 small hotels and accommodations for tourists was razed to the ground by a mudslide ; only one house remained. Many victims are also reported in other regions of Nepal and neighboring countries: in India at least 62, in China at least 20 people. The United Nations estimates that over eight million people have been affected by the earthquake. More than 1.4 million are dependent on food aid. In the May 12, 2015 quake, at least 17 people died in India and one in China.

Himalayan expeditions

On Mount Everest , 18 climbers were killed when an avalanche triggered by the earthquake fell on the base camp . Local media reported at least 22 dead climbers on Everest. At the time of the accident on Saturday, according to official information, there were around 1,000 climbers and porters on Mount Everest. According to information from expedition leaders and relatives, there are also foreigners among the dead, including an Australian , an American and a Chinese . The Göttingen geomorphologist Matthias Kuhle had a fatal accident during an excursion with students. There are reports of further avalanches. The number of victims is still uncertain.

Effects

Important cultural assets were also affected in the earthquake: Many of the more than 50 pagodas, temples and palaces were damaged or destroyed in the Durbar squares of Kathmandu , Bhaktapur and Lalitpur , which are classified as World Heritage by UNESCO . Which is also a UNESCO heritage Bodnath -Stupa was damaged, the Dharahara collapsed.

  • Destroyed historical buildings (pictures before the destruction)

  • Kasthamandap, Kathmandu

  • Maju Dega and Kamadev Temples, Kathmandu

  • Trailokya Mohan, Kathmandu

  • Narayan Pagoda, Kathmandu

  • Krishna Mandir, Kathmandu

  • Kalmochan Ghat, Kathmandu

  • Dharahara, Kathmandu

  • Jagannarayan Temple, Patan

  • Harishankar Temple, Patan

  • Taleju Temple, Patan

  • Fasidega Temple, Bhaktapur

  • Vatsala Temple, Bhaktapur

  • Temple of Rato Machhendranath, Bungamati

The quakes moved Kathmandu 1.5 meters south and raised it one meter. The Mount Everest shifted by three centimeters to the southeast. The geological primary wave of the earthquake reached Staufen in southern Baden at a speed of 29,000 km / h and a ground movement of 0.01 mm after 10 minutes. The rashes of the growing secondary waves and the surface waves lasted almost two hours.

Relief efforts

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Relief and rescue operations in Kathmandu, April 27, 2015
Even in mid-May 2015, medical care will be provided outdoors in front of the hospitals for fear of aftershocks (here in front of the Sahid Memorial Hospital in the Kalanki district)

Immediately after the earthquake, the Indian government sent several planes with food, water and rescue equipment. In addition, were Gurkhas , Nepalese soldiers serving in the Indian Armed Forces, sent for rescue work to the neighboring country. The German government also promised the Nepalese government aid, including by sending the technical relief organization . In addition to Germany, the United States and Russia also announced aid measures. The United Kingdom , which like India also has Gurkha units in its armed forces, immediately sent them to the crisis region to provide humanitarian aid. Non-governmental aid organizations from Germany such as u. a. action medeor , humedica , ISAR Germany and @fire Internationaler Katastrophenschutz Deutschland eV sent emergency aid to the disaster region. The International Red Cross had already arrived in Nepal with six ERU modules and started its work.

Christos Stylianides , EU Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid and Crisis Protection, provided Nepal with six million euros in emergency aid and for 2015 in aid of 16.6 million euros. Just a few days after the earthquake, he was one of the first international politicians to travel to the country to get an idea of ​​the situation.

With Operation Sahayogi Haat, the US had delivered a total of 480 tons of relief supplies by May 11, 2015. With around 1,300 soldiers and several helicopters of the type UH-1Y and VTOL transporters MV-22B as well as transport aircraft of the type KC-130J and C-17 , the US armed forces are supporting search and rescue operations and logistics through Joint Task Force 505 . On May 12, contact was lost with a UH-1Y that was traveling with six US Marines and two Nepalese soldiers . On May 17, the wreck was found about 72 kilometers east of Kathmandu. All occupants died in the crash.

Google Inc. made it possible to search for missing people with the Google Missing Person Search. Volunteers compared satellite images, so-called crisis mapping , to create damage maps.

See also

Web links

Commons : Earthquake in Nepal 2015  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ The United States Geological Survey indicates a hypocenter depth of 15 km.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Information from the German Geo Research Center. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  2. ↑ Information about the Red Cross via https://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/nepal-503.html
  3. ↑ Earthquake in Nepal: Government assumes more than 1450 dead. In: Spiegel Online. April 25, 2015, accessed April 25, 2015 .
  4. ↑ Hundreds of dead after an earthquake in the Himalayas . In: The time . Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  5. ↑ Severe aftershock hits Nepal . In: welt.de , April 26, 2015.
  6. ↑ WHO Nepal Earthquake - Situation Report # 14, 11 May 2015. In: reliefweb.int. Retrieved June 10, 2015 .
  7. ↑ Deaths in new earthquake in Nepal. In: tagesschau.de. May 12, 2015, archived from the original on May 14, 2015 ; accessed on May 12, 2015 .
  8. ↑ Nepal earthquake, magnitude 7.3, strikes near Everest. In: BBC News. May 12, 2015, accessed May 12, 2015 .
  9. ↑ Nepal: Earthquake 2015 Situation Report No.16 (as of 18 May 2015). Retrieved June 10, 2015 .
  10. ↑ GEOFON Program GFZ Potsdam :: GFZ Potsdam - Earthquake Bulletin. In: geofon.gfz-potsdam.de. Retrieved June 10, 2015 .
  11. ↑ National Seismological Center (Nepal) , accessed July 22, 2015.
  12. ↑ Incident Report of Earthquake 2015. In: Government of Nepal date =. Retrieved June 10, 2015 .
  13. ↑ Peter Rüegg: Waiting for the complete break. In: ethz.ch. ETH Zurich , January 16, 2019, accessed on January 29, 2019 .
  14. ↑ Luca Dal Zilio et al .: Bimodal seismicity in the Himalaya controlled by fault friction and geometry . In: Nature Communications . January 2019, doi : 10.1038 / s41467-018-07874-8 .
  15. ↑ a b c United Nations: Eight million people affected by earthquakes in Nepal. In: Spiegel Online . April 28, 2015, accessed April 29, 2015 .
  16. ^ "Worst-affected" village of Langtang. In: BBC News. May 4, 2015, accessed May 5, 2015 .
  17. ↑ Earthquake in the Himalayas: Nepal reports more than 3,200 deaths. In: Spiegel Online. April 27, 2015, accessed April 29, 2015 .
  18. ↑ Death toll from latest Nepal earthquake rises above 125 - CNN.com. In: CNN. Retrieved February 7, 2016 .
  19. ↑ Avalanche on Mount Everest kills many climbers . In: t-online.de , accessed on April 26, 2015.
  20. ↑ 22 Mt Everest climbers who earthquake in Nepal . Hindustan Times, April 26, 2015
  21. ↑ Earthquake in Nepal: Professor Matthias Kuhle from Göttingen dies in the epicenter . In: Göttinger Tageblatt , April 27, 2015, accessed April 28, 2015.
  22. ↑ Earthquake in the Himalayas: New avalanche buried possibly 250 people. In: Spiegel Online. April 28, 2015, accessed April 29, 2015 .
  23. ↑ Tourist video captures moment earthquake struck Nepal: Kathmandu's Durbar Square . Video that captures the moment of the earthquake on Youtube.
  24. ↑ Stefan Schultz: Earthquake in Nepal: lost world cultural heritage, lost places of pilgrimage. In: Spiegel Online . April 25, 2015, accessed April 25, 2015 .
  25. ↑ Nepal's UNESCO World Heritage Sites Destroyed by Earthquake. In: CRIEnglish.com. April 28, 2015, accessed April 28, 2015 .
  26. ↑ a b c Drone shows earthquake damage as agencies rush to rescue victims in Nepal. In: MySansar.com. April 28, 2015, accessed April 28, 2015 .
  27. ↑ Nepal's UNESCO World Heritage Sites Destroyed by Earthquake. In: CRIEnglish.com. April 28, 2015, accessed April 28, 2015 .
  28. ↑ a b c d Irreparable loss. In: eKantipur.com. April 28, 2015, accessed April 28, 2015 .
  29. ↑ Nepal's UNESCO World Heritage Sites Destroyed by Earthquake. In: CRIEnglish.com. April 28, 2015, accessed April 28, 2015 .
  30. ↑ Nepal's UNESCO World Heritage Sites Destroyed by Earthquake. In: CRIEnglish.com. April 28, 2015, accessed April 28, 2015 .
  31. ↑ Nepal's Kathmandu valley treasures: Before and after. BBC, April 28, 2015, accessed April 28, 2015 .
  32. ↑ Earthquake aftermath in Bungamati Village, Lalitpur. (No longer available online.) In: demotix.com. April 28, 2015, archived from the original on July 3, 2015 ; accessed on April 28, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.demotix.com
  33. ↑ New coordinates for Everest ( Memento from June 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) at: Tagesschau.de , June 16, 2015, accessed on June 16, 2015
  34. ↑ Highest peak is shifted by quake in: China Daily , June 16, 2015, accessed June 16, 2015
  35. ↑ Earthquake in Nepal reaches seismograph in Staufen . In: badische-zeitung.de , April 30, 2015.
  36. ↑ India sends Gorkha soldiers for Nepal quake relief . In: thehindu.com . Retrieved May 1, 2015.
  37. ^ First helpers on the way to Nepal ( Memento from April 26, 2015 in the Internet Archive ). In: tagesschau.de . Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  38. ↑ Gurkha soldiers arrive in Kathmandu ( Memento of the original from May 1, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: forces.tv . Retrieved May 1, 2015.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / forces.tv
  39. ↑ Nepal: Help for the earthquake victims . In: medeor.de , April 25, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  40. ↑ humedica e. V .. In: humedica.org . Retrieved April 28, 2015
  41. ↑ ISAR Germany e. V .; Retrieved April 28, 2015.
  42. ↑ @fire - International Civil Protection Germany. Retrieved September 29, 2019 .
  43. ^ Kai Küstner: After the earthquake: EU increases aid to Nepal . In: tagesschau.de , May 4, 2015. Retrieved May 12, 2015.
  44. ↑ www.defense.gov
  45. ^ Search Continues for Missing US Helicopter in Nepal. Defense.gov, accessed May 18, 2015 .
  46. ↑ 8 bodies recovered from US helicopter crash site; pilot identified , cnn.com, May 17, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  47. ↑ Friends in the earthquake area: How Facebook and Google help in the search for missing persons 2014-04-270 Der Spiegel , accessed on June 22, 2015