Ernst Moritz Arndt Church
| Ernst Moritz Arndt Church (Berlin-Zehlendorf) |
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|---|---|
.jpg) Portal page |
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| Start of building: | June 10, 1934 |
| Inauguration: | June 16, 1935 |
| Builder : | Hoppensack and Thier |
| Architect : | Diez Brandi |
| Style elements : | Homeland Security Architecture , New Objectivity |
| Client: | Ev. Parish Berlin-Zehlendorf |
| Tower height: |
41 m |
| Location: | 52 ° 26 '55.7 " N , 13 ° 15' 5.3" E |
| Address: |
Onkel-Tom-Strasse 80 Berlin , Germany |
| Purpose: | evangelical-union ; church service |
| Local community: | Evangelical Ernst-Moritz-Arndt parish |
| Regional Church : | EKBO |
| Website: | www.ema-gemeinde.de |
The Ernst Moritz Arndt Church is a single-nave hall church in the Berlin district of Zehlendorf . It was built on behalf of the Zehlendorf parish in 1934/1935 according to plans by Diez Brandi, an architect who lives in Zehlendorf, and with the support of a specially founded church building association. The church has a high gable roof and a square tower standing sideways with a flat pyramid roof . The church is a listed building .
history
The construction of the railway between Berlin and Potsdam from 1838 brought an enormous increase in population to the Berlin suburb of Zehlendorf; by 1903 the number rose to over 10,000 inhabitants. This development was supported by the construction of today's line U3 of the Berlin subway from Wittenbergplatz to what was then Thielplatz (today: subway station Freie Universität [Thielplatz]). After the end of the First World War , the building contractor Adolf Sommerfeld bought large areas of land on the edge of the Grunewald in order to build settlements there. The new settlements of terraced houses and multi-storey apartment buildings were intended to alleviate the housing shortage in Berlin, which had been growing ever greater since the First World War. In the mid-1920s, more than 150,000 residential units were missing .
The Zehlendorf parish had become independent in 1860. In 1905, the Pauluskirche was put into service because the capacity of the village church in Zehlendorf was no longer sufficient. In 1912, the villa settlement on the Schlachtensee received its own church service room , the Johanneskirche . At the beginning of 1928, the Zehlendorf parish had more than 28,000 parishioners.
In 1927, the Zehlendorf parish acquired a 4800 m² building site for the planned construction of another church. At the far end, a wooden barrack was set up, which served as a community hall and was inaugurated on Christmas Eve 1928. In the “north hall”, as the building was called, Sunday services were held from the summer of 1929. Many parishioners avoided the north hall because the building was too primitive for them; they preferred to visit the churches in Dahlem , Zehlendorf-Mitte or Schlachtensee .
An architectural competition was announced in 1930 for the planned church building , in which only Protestant architects from Zehlendorf were allowed to participate. The content-related specifications required drafts which, in addition to the church, should also contain a community hall , a kindergarten and apartments for pastors, community nurses and parishioners. The altar and pulpit should be clearly visible from anywhere in the church. Of the 104 submitted designs, Diez Brandi emerged as the winner. He planned the grouping of the various buildings around an inner courtyard, which was screened from the street and offered the possibility of outdoor events.
The global economic crisis prevented the construction plans from being implemented quickly. It was only with the new labor market policy on March 21, 1934, that an interest-free public loan of 200,000 marks (adjusted for purchasing power in today's currency: around 895,000 euros) was granted for the building of the church. However, the building plans had to be adapted to the available loan amount, which is why the additional buildings were dispensed with. To this end, the church was expanded to include two functional rooms: the vestibule of the church was expanded into a community hall and a confirmation room was planned on the first floor behind the gallery . The location of the church at the front corner of the property, which was adopted from the competition design, made it possible to expand the building at a later date. The two-story parish hall with parish hall and parish office and the youth center could only be built in 1961 by Hansrudolf Plarre, whereby the north hall was removed.
In the summer of 1934 there was only ever talk of the “north church” with regard to the new building. The church leadership decided in June 1934, the Church of Ernst Moritz Arndt to name. The name was given at the time as a vote against the rejection of Christianity by the National Socialists . For those responsible in the community at the time, Arndt was the key witness that one could very well be a Christian and a patriot.
The community belonged to the parish association Zehlendorf until 1949 and then became independent.
On May 6, 2019, the responsible parish council decided in a vote with 6 to 4 votes to rename the church and parish based on "militant-nationalist and anti-Jewish statements" by Ernst Moritz Arndt. However, the name is retained until a name has been found.
architecture
In his architecture, Brandi took on influences from the conservative Heimatschutz architecture and New Objectivity , two styles that emphasized simple forms and rejected historicizing decorations. For him, baroque sermon churches were models. The masonry , clad with orange-red bricks, has simple facades with slender rectangular windows. The bell tower is crowned by an octagonal open lantern above high sound openings. The church hall has built-in wooden galleries and a flat, painted wooden ceiling. The flat, rectangular altar niche is to the west. In front of the east side is a larger entrance room for smaller events.
The extreme frugality of execution took some getting used to for many parishioners. It was only after the Second World War that the expectation that a church should be as magnificent as possible was lost.
Furnishing
_Altar.jpg)
When construction began, the interior design of the church was not yet clear. According to the building description, colored sculptures should be created on the wall and ceiling surfaces. The most noticeable feature was and is the large ceiling painting with biblical scenes in the church.
For worship space and the adjoining rooms of the procured Church Building Association more pieces of equipment. Behind the simple, wooden altar table, on which two bronze candlesticks stand, a crucifix around 2 1 ⁄ 2 meters high was erected. The baptismal bowl was placed in the altar area. As is often the case in village churches, the wooden pulpit is set into the back wall of the church. The church hall was adorned with a large-format painting showing Ernst Moritz Arndt. Today it hangs in the parish hall. The sacristy was previously used as a baptistery and wedding chapel.
Under the direction of the architect Ludolf von Walthausen, the interior of the church was changed significantly in terms of equipment and color in 1964/1965. The window on the south side, which is close to the altar area, was enlarged down to the floor in order to provide better light for the baptism. The block altar was replaced by a cafeteria and the pulpit renewed. The walls and the pews were partly painted in color and wall paintings were whitewashed.
In 1975 the colors of the walls and benches were largely restored to their original condition.
Bells
The original four bronze bells from 1935 were melted down during the war. Today there are three bronze bells hanging in the tower, made by the bell foundry Schilling & Sons from Apolda , of which the middle one was donated by the American Church in Berlin, which the church has been using since 1946:
| Bell jar | Chime | Casting year | Weight (kg) |
Diameter ( cm) |
Height (cm) |
Crown height (cm) |
inscription |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | g sharp | 1948 | 237 | 70 | 60 | 13 | JESUS CHRIST YESTERDAY AND TODAY AND THE SAME ALSO IN ALL ETERNITY, HEBR. 13.8 |
| 2. | ais | 1948 | 444 | 75 | 85 | 15th | JESUS SAID: IF YE. CONTINUE IN MY WORD, THEN ARE YE. MY DISCIPLES AND YE. SHALL KNOW THE TRUTH AND THE TRUTH SHALL MAKE YOU FREE, JOHN 8: 31-32 |
| 3. | cis | 1958 | 665 | 85 | 95 | 18th | GOD'S WORD AND CHRISTIAN PRAYER KEEP THE WORLD + + + |
organ
_Orgel.jpg)
In 1906 Albert Schweitzer started out with reform tendencies in organ building. The organ movement was aimed at the organ of romance as Wilhelm Sauer had led to full bloom replace. Albert Schweitzer propagated the baroque organ as an ideal after he had played a work by Johann Sebastian Bach on one of Arp Schnitger's . From 1911 organ builders began to experiment with baroque organ building concepts. The organ of the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Kirche, designed by the organist Wolfgang Auler , was first built by Alexander Schuke Potsdam Orgelbau as a mechanical instrument with largely baroque disposition and slider chests. The stop action is electric. The brochure is modern and straightforward. The pipes are open without a case. The organ was built in the first half of 1935 and consecrated together with the church on June 16, 1935. 1965 has Berlin organ workshop Karl Schuke the instrument after intones , in 1986 and 2005 it was obsolete.
The disposition of the organ:
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- Coupling : II / I, P / I
- Playing aids : 2 fixed combinations, tutti
literature
- Michael Häusler (ed.): Crown of thorns and Prussian eagle. 75 years Ernst Moritz Arndt Church 1935–2010. Berlin 2010.
- Sibylle Badstübner (arrangement): Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler: Berlin. 3rd revised edition, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Berlin / Munich 2006, ISBN 3-422-03111-1 , p. 453.
- Architects and Engineers Association of Berlin (ed.): Sacral buildings. (= Berlin and its buildings , Volume 6.) Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-433-01016-1 , p. 198, p. 408.
- Klaus-Dieter Wille: The bells of Berlin (West). History and inventory. (= The Buildings and Art Monuments of Berlin , Supplement 16.) Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-7861-1443-9 .
- Günther Kühne, Elisabeth Stephanie: Evangelical churches in Berlin. 2nd edition, CZV-Verlag, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-7674-0158-4 .
Web links
- Entry in the Berlin State Monument List with further information
- Information sheet Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Kirche, as of April 2011 (PDF document; 99 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Boris Buchholz: Neighborhood. In: tagesspiegel.de , May 9, 2019, accessed on May 13, 2019