Evangelical Church (Grüningen)

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View from the northwest
South side of the church

The oldest parts of the Evangelical Church in Grüningen , a district of Pohlheim in the district of Gießen ( Hessen ), go back to the 12th century. It originally comprised a Romanesque nave and an eastern choir closure . In the 13th century an early Gothic choir tower was built over the chancel. The church was given its current shape at the beginning of the 16th century when it was expanded to the south to double its width and after a major fire in the 17th century. The system with a double choir is unusual. The wooden fittings from the Baroque era have been completely preserved. The church is a Hessian cultural monument . The local parish belongs to the deanery Hungen ( Propstei Oberhessen ) in the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau .

history

Romanesque choir

For the first time, the Grüninger Church was recorded in 1151 as the mother church ( mater ecclesia ) of Holzheim, Bergheim, Dorf-Güll, Hofgüll and Beringheim (Birnkheim). A pleban with a parish is attested for 1229. The patronage had the Lords of Hagen at this time Arnsburg held, later of Münzenberg the lords of and since 1255 Falkenstein until 1380 Monastery Arnsburg was transferred. In 1479 a patronage of St. Martin is mentioned. Ecclesiastically, Grüningen, which received city rights in the 14th or 15th century, belonged to the Archdeaconate of St. Maria ad Gradus in Mainz .

The originally elongated single-nave, towerless hall church with east apse dates back to Romanesque times. A choir tower was added to the width of the original nave above the apse in the second half of the 13th century.

Double choir since 1520

At the beginning of the 16th century, the small nave was almost doubled to the south. In this way, the building took into account the character of a town church. On the tower wall in the attic, the outlines of the old sloping roof in front of the church extension are clearly visible. The old south wall has also been archaeologically proven. In 1520, in addition to the older choir tower in the southeast, the second, polygonal choir (" Paul Hutten Choir") was completed in the late Gothic style , as the year on the inside of the triumphal arch shows. It was not possible to enlarge the northern choir as the round tower structure was supported by the thick walls of the tower hall.

In the pre-Reformation period there were four altars in the church, the panels of which have all been preserved: a Catherine altar, an Altar of Our Lady, an Altar of the Three Kings and an Altar of the Holy Cross. The latter was donated by Magister Johannes Giselher (Geissler) in his will, as his grave slab in the church attests: Anno d [omi] ni XV c septimo XXVII die me [n] sis nove [m] bris obyt honorabilis domin [u] s magist [e] r johan [n] es giseler fu [n] datur (= fundator) hui [u] s altaris cui [u] sa [n] i [m] a requiescat in pace ame [n] (“In the year of In 1507, on November 27th, the honorable Magister Johannes Giselher, the founder of this altar, whose soul may rest in peace, died ”). Giselher was a cousin of the Grüninger Paul Hutten, who had risen to the Thuringian auxiliary bishop in 1509 and in 1514 executed Giselher's will and consecrated the Holy Cross altar.

Kaspar Homberg has been a Protestant pastor in Grüningen since 1560. In the course of the Reformation , the parish joined Lutheran teaching in 1566, but switched to the Reformed Confession in 1583 under Pastor Ernst Isheim.

After a storm in 1606, the damaged church roof was repaired. After the city was burned down to four houses by Spanish troops on September 30, 1634 during the Thirty Years War and taken again in 1646, the church was rebuilt in several stages by the severely affected residents. In the major fire, the church roof and some of the interior furnishings were lost; only the masonry parts remained. Obviously, the southern choir with its fragile net vault was not destroyed. Dendrochronologically it has been proven that the choir was roofed over again in a first beam unit as early as 1636 (felling date: winter 1635/1636). During the renovation in 1985, burned-out slabs of slate were found in a 30 to 50 centimeter thick layer of fire above the choir. Since the choir was preserved, it can be assumed that the services could initially continue there. This is also indicated by the fact that the choir loft dates from 1660, i.e. nine years before the wooden columns in the nave were completed.

In a second construction phase, the spire was renewed from around 1650 to 1656. From the remains of the four bells, three new ones were cast in 1651, two of which are still in service. The three-storey oak tower crown from the year 1656 (felling date: winter 1655/1656) belonged to the second beam unit. The Palatinate and Switzerland were in Frankfurt, Hanau for the renewal of the tower, collections performed. From 1660 to 1680, the renovation of the choir and the interior fittings were carried out in a third construction phase. A stone with the year 1668 in the north outer wall indicates the reconstruction after the Thirty Years War. A third beam unit in 1668 comprised the wooden structure of the ship and the roof, which was erected in 1669 (date of felling: summer 1668). The inner column in front of the north entrance bears the inscription "ANNO 1669 DEN 21 APPRIL AVFFGERICHT HANS IACOB HVBELER WM" (= foreman). The flat wooden ceiling with stucco medallions by Hans Jacob Hubler (Hobler) dates from 1669. The baroque interior fittings, such as the galleries, the pulpit and the stalls (“the men's stage and the women's room”) were completed by 1680. The extensive measures concluded with work on the tower choir and outside. In 1716 a new men's stage was installed. The third bell was cast over in 1737 after it broke.

An organ was first mentioned in 1696. Several repairs were carried out on the instrument in the 18th century, in 1713 and 1728 by an organ builder Wagner from Allendorf and in 1799 by Johann Andreas Heinemann .

At the beginning of the 19th century, the patronage passed to the House of Solms when Grüningen was added to the Grand Duchy of Hesse- Darmstadt. In 1834 the interior of the church was repainted. Since the vault of the Gothic choir had loosened, the side walls and their windows were renewed and the round east windows were bricked up in 1858. In 1881 the organ loft in the triumphal arch of the choir tower was expanded to make room for a new and larger organ with, however, a “mindless prospect”. The parsonage was moved from the southern choir under the organ and the northern triumphal arch was closed with a wooden crate. The pulpit between the two choirs was moved forward, the parapet under the gallery and the wooden latticework near the altar were removed in the southern choir, and the interior of the church was repainted. An exterior renovation was carried out in 1893, the church tower was repaired in 1912 and the interior was renovated in 1913.

In the course of the interior renovation in 1912/1913, the old color of the wooden interior was renewed in slightly darker tones. The old tendril paintings in the northern choir window have also been restored. The organ stage in the north choir arch was removed, the organ moved to the west gallery and the wooden wall in the lower area of ​​the completely closed choir arch was also removed so that the view of the tower choir was free again. In the southern choir, the walled-up rose window was exposed again and other windows were traced or replaced, as indicated by the different types of stone. In addition, a circulating air heater was installed in 1913. The painting of the late Gothic choir by the painters Velte from Nieder-Ramstadt and Kienzle from Lich-Eberstadt "has been reinvented". After a storm in 1928, the cross on the top of the tower was crooked and received a new helmet pole. The cross and weather valve were repainted, the copper covering of the tower was sealed.

Church tower renovation (2013)

In 1963, when the thoroughfare was widened, the eastern retaining wall was moved back to the eastern wall of the choir and both choirs were underpinned. A warm air oil heater was installed in 1966, the church tower was reinserted in 1967 and 1984/1985, and in 1968 a drainage system was installed on the south and west sides. In 1980/81 the church windows were repaired, in 1982 both church doors were made, in 1985/1986 the interior was renovated. Since the net vault in the "Paul Hutten Choir" had come loose and threatened to fall, it was covered with a layer of concrete to secure it. The vault ribs were drilled through at 75 points and attached to the concrete layer with steel anchors. In 1990 the spire was renewed, the ball and cross were re-manufactured and the 15-year-old stainless steel cock was gold-plated. From 2012 to 2013 the church roof was completely renewed because the ends of the beams and the upper wall were damaged by moisture. The parish has to raise up to 200,000 euros, which corresponds to one fifth of the total costs. In a third construction phase, the “Paul Hutten Choir” was renovated and re-covered in 2017. The estimated costs are estimated at 175,000 euros.

architecture

Floor plan: Romanesque nave (green) with choir (blue), southern extension around 1500 (purple), south choir from 1520 (red)
Romanesque north portal

The geostete church rubble masonry is increased in the south of the former city fortifications. The expansion of the church resulted in an unusual complex with a double choir. The old construction seam can still be seen on the west wall. The corner blocks are made of Londorfer basalt lava (lung stone), the tracery and the windows and portals are made of lung stone and red sandstone. The north wall of the Romanesque hall church with the round-arched Lungstein portal built in the late 12th century, which may have been taken over from the previous chapel, the chancel with the apse and the north west wall are still preserved.

The ship has a rectangular floor plan and a clear width of 11.5 meters. A steep gable roof (52 °) closes off the two-aisled church, which has a half-timbered gable in the west . Above the slightly ogival west portal there is a small, walled-up ogival window from the Gothic period. In the extended south part of the west wall there is a small rectangular window. Over the portals on the long sides, two keystones with architectural sculptures were attached in 1912/13, which are 40 centimeters in diameter and come from the All Saints Chapel, consecrated in 1394, which was attached to the north of the nave of the basilica of Arnsburg Monastery . They were abducted from Arnsburg and were in the courtyard of the house at Hauptstrasse 77 until 1912. Above the north portal, a Lungstein keystone with a bearded head is embedded in the masonry, which is surrounded by a wreath of six tendril leaves. The lamb with the victory flag is depicted in red-brown sandstone above the south portal with shoulder arch. The two wooden doors were made in 1981.

The northern tower choir has an east end in the form of a semicircular segment arch as an altar niche and a coupled, pointed arched window in the north and south. The interior has a simple, late Gothic ribbed vault on pointed consoles . The keystone bears the old Grüninger coat of arms with the Latin inscription: "S (iglum) Opdi in Grouningen" (Sigillum Oppidi = seal of the city). The late Gothic tracery windows from the 15th century are designed in the shape of a quatrefoil and the niches are painted with tendrils. The slate-roofed spire from the Baroque period rises above the solidly walled-up tower shaft. It is three-story and tapers towards the top. The first, cube-shaped storey consists of a slate framework and serves as a bell room. The two smaller, octagonal upper floors made of half-timbered houses are crowned by a curved hood. In the interior of the third floor, a partition with a doorway and the eight windows indicate that originally a tower keeper was supposed to stay here at least occasionally . A gilded tower button, a cross and a gilded weathercock form the end. The top reaches a height of 30.27 meters.

The larger south choir (Paul Hutten choir) with a 3/8 end (6.85 meters clear width) has a magnificently painted star vault with narrow, grooved ribs without supports. On the east side, ogival windows with tracery made of red sandstone, fish bubbles , noses and circles flank a rose window. As with the tower choir, a pointed triumphal arch opens the choir to the flat-roofed nave. The steep gable roof (53 °) closes in the east with a three-part tent roof, in the west with a crested hip over a half-timbered gable.

Red sandstone gravestones from the 17th and 18th centuries are placed outside on the north wall. Another is in the walled-up south portal. The church stands within a walled churchyard with an old linden tree, the branches of which were led over a hexagonal wooden frame, similar to the schoolyard linden tree. The tree served both as a dance linden tree and as a court linden tree and has been a natural monument since 1903 (ND 04).

Furnishing

The southern choir with reticulated vaults
The baroque pulpit

The oldest piece of furniture is the brick canteen in the northern chancel, which served as the main altar in the pre-Reformation period. It is closed by a 28 cm thick plate with consecration crosses and has a reliquary niche on the side . Three niches in the walls of the tower choir are closed with wrought-iron wooden doors. This is where the Vasa Sacra used to be kept. The old Piscina can only be seen on the outside wall. The old stone floor has been preserved in the tower choir. It consists largely of irregular, coarse basalt paving, allegedly from Roman times, but this has not been confirmed. It probably comes from the Romanesque chapel. To cover the ventilation ditch, 29 × 29 centimeter clay slabs from the 16th or 17th century, which are provided with simple circular arcs, are used. The tombstone of Magister Giselher († 1507) is placed in the tower choir, flanked by two tombstones Grüninger pastor from the 17th century, Johannes Bingel († 1671) and Johann Nikolaus Brickel († 1698). The parish chair on the north wall, a small wooden shed with windows and a carved crown, serves as the sacristy .

The southern choir vault is painted with tendrils and leaves. Blue circles with flame ornaments mark the intersecting ribs, which end in figural keystones in the shape of a shield. The one with the initials "SP" (Sanctus Paulus) represents the apostle Paulus , the saint of name of Paul Hutten. On the other, Maria is handing the child an apple. The engraved letters "PH" point to Paul Hutten. The diamond-shaped floor in the south choir is tiled in black and yellow like a checkerboard. An old barred sacrament niche has been preserved on the north wall of the south choir . In 1660, a five-sided wooden gallery was drawn in. Two grave slabs are embedded in the floor, one of which is for Caterina, daughter of Pletsche, Schultes zu Marburg († 1565). The two triumphal arches to the choirs are set off in red and imitate sandstone. The color scheme is taken up in the window reveals and corresponds to the tracery and the floor panels of the nave.

The floor in the nave has been made of clay tiles since 1985, which are designed with circular arcs according to the pattern of the remaining clay tiles in the choir tower, while sandstone tiles of different sizes are used in the entrance area. On the cuboid main altar in the nave, consecration crosses indicate the pre-Reformation origin of the altar. It is walled up and ends with a slab made of lung stone.

The wooden interior is predominantly baroque (between 1650 and 1680) and is still completely intact. It is dominated by reds and greens. The wooden pulpit between the two triumphal arches consists of the pulpit staircase, the octagonal pulpit cage with fields framed in red and the simple octagonal sound cover. In the western part of the nave there is a horseshoe-shaped gallery that rests on wooden pillars. The church pews and the galleries from the Baroque period are painted with floral green tendril ornaments. The inscription "WGZS" on an essay on the top bench on the south wall in front of the choir arch means Wilhelm II, Count zu Solms (1635–1676).

The flat wooden ceiling was drawn so deep in 1669 that the larger southern triumphal arch is cut. A longitudinal girder in the ceiling is supported by four mighty, marbled square bundle pillars made of wood, which rest on stone plinths, the remains of the presumably late Gothic stone pillars. Of the six stucco medallions, the four outer fruits and cones, the two in the middle show a pelican that nourishes its young with its blood, and a phoenix rising from the flames.

organ

Bernhard organ from 1881

The Bernhard brothers from Gambach built a new organ in 1881 , which was originally placed on a stage in the northern choir arch. In 1913 the organ was moved to the west gallery. A recess was made in the too low wooden ceiling above the organ. The wind turbine with the electric fan and the bellows are located in the attic. The simple, rectangular prospectus is characterized by three round-arched pipe fields. The instrument has eleven registers on mechanical slide chests . This corresponds to a total of 648 pipes . In 1976 the Förster & Nicolaus company overhauled the organ. The unchanged disposition is:

I Manual C – f 3
Principal 8th'
Bourdon 8th'
Flute dolce 8th'
Hollow flute 8th'
Octave 4 ′
Gemshorn 4 ′
Fifth 3 ′
Pointed flute 2 ′
Mixture III 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
Pedal C – d 1
Sub bass 16 ′
Principal bass 8th'

Bells

The Grüninger Church has a ring of three bells that were re-cast on site after the church fire in the 17th century. One of the bells broke and was cast over in the 18th century. The bells ring in the Resurrexi motif.

No.
  		Casting year
  		Foundry, casting location
  		Diameter
(mm) 		Percussive
( HT - 1 / 16 ) 		inscription
  		image
 
1 1651 Antonius Paris from Schwerte 1,220 d 1 DESTRVXIT TEMPLVM CAMPANAS QVATVOR IGNE
GRONINGAE MARS TRES FVDIT PAX NVMINE NOBIS
JOHANNES BINGELIVS PASTOR PATRIAE ANNO DNI MDCLI
IOHANNES BECKER PRÆTOR GREIFFENSTEINENSIS
IOHANNES ADAMVIS
IOHANNES ADAMVIS I LONDON PR LIVES PR
FT		 Grüningen church bell (7) .jpg
2 1737 Hans u. Wilhelm Anton Rincker from Asslar 1,120 e 1 VNO TRES SOCIAE PARTV SVMVS NATAE MDCLI NIC.SAMES BAL MEDER CONS:
SCISSVRA AD VSVM INIDONEAM FACTAM ME PER CAMP [anarum] FVES [ores] H ET ANT RINCKER FVNDI ITERVM CVRARVNT MDCCXXXVII I J'ECKOR CASE
LEICHFICHTER I
J'HENID CONS
[relief King David]		 Grüningen church bell (6) .jpg
3 1651 Antonius Paris from Schwerte 1,050 f 1 ACCLAMO MONEOQVE LOCVM DATE SACRA DOCENTI
NON MIHI SED MAGNO POSCITVR ILLE DEO
BALTHASAR KNOPPER ADAMVS EVLER CVRATORES TEMPLI		 Grüningen church bell (5) .jpg

Pastor

The pastors have been consistently documented since the Reformation:

  • 1560– after 1580: Kaspar Homberg
  • before 1583–1598: Ernst Isheim von Grüningen
  • 1599–1646: Christoph Schiller von Butzbach
  • 1646–1671: Johannes Bingel von Grüningen
  • 1671–1698: Johann Nikolaus Brickel von Grüningen, 1662–1671 adjunct
  • 1699–1705: Johann Tobias Schwind von Grüningen
  • 1706–1712: Johannes Blasius von Stein am Rhein
  • 1713–1731: Johann Peter Bingel von Altenkirchen (Sayn)
  • 1732–1750: Johann Heinrich Kasimir Richter
  • 1750–1789: Johann Heinrich Hensler von Hanau
  • 1789–1813: Philipp Heinrich Fay
  • 1814–1840: Karl Christian Hofmann von Obbornhofen
  • 1841–1876: Christian Deichert von Ulfa (then vacancy until 1881)
  • 1881–1890: Ludwig Walz von Lich (vacant until 1894)
  • 1894–1909: Georg Beckel von Stammheim (then vacancy until 1916)
  • 1916–1929: Gottfried Weber

Between 1929 and 1938 agencies:

  • 1929 : Emil Weber, Holzheim00000
  • 1930 : Ködding, Eberstadt00000
  • 1931 : Staubach, Watzenborn00000
  • 1933 : Wilhelm Reusch, loan yesterday00000
  • 1935 : Karl Launhardt, special vicar from Holzheim00000
  • 1937–1938: Stoll, expelled as part of the Confessing Church
  • 1938 : Alwin Eichhorn (position holder)00000

Between 1939 and 1945 representatives from neighboring parishes, mostly Pastor Wilhelm Reusch, loan yesterday

  • 1945–1971: Alwin Eichhorn
  • 1971–2001: Heinrich Blum
  • 2002 : Kornelia Damaschek, representative00000
  • 2002–2012: Helmut Raschke (since 2008 partial retirement)
  • 2012–2014: Angelika Maschke, administration
  • 2015–2018: Uta Wendel (half position)
  • since 2020: Jutta Martini (half position)

literature

  • Heinrich Blum (text), Evangelical Church Community Grüningen (Hrsg.): The church Grüningen. A tour. Grüningen 2019.
  • Georg Dehio : Handbook of German art monuments , Hessen I: Administrative districts of Giessen and Kassel. Edited by Folkhard Cremer, Tobias Michael Wolf and others. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03092-3 , p. 315.
  • Wilhelm Diehl : Pastor and schoolmaster book for the Hessian-Darmstadt sovereign lands (= Hassia sacra. Volume 4). Self-published, Darmstadt 1930, p. 174 f.
  • Wilhelm Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes of the Landgraviate of Hessen-Darmstadt (= Hassia sacra. Volume 5). Self-published, Darmstadt 1931, pp. 195-200.
  • Felicitas Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area and in Upper Hesse. A contribution to Upper Rhine architecture (= sources and research on Hessian history. Volume 97). Self-published by the Hessian Historical Commission Darmstadt and the Historical Commission for Hesse, Darmstadt 1994, ISBN 3-88443-186-2 , p. 139.
  • Waldemar Küther : Auxiliary Bishop Paul Hutten from Erfurt and his will for his hometown Grüningen. In: Communications of the Upper Hessian History Association. NF, Vol. 63, 1978, pp. 31-62.
  • State Office for the Preservation of Monuments Hesse (ed.), Karlheinz Lang (edit.): Cultural monuments in Hesse. District of Giessen II. Buseck, Fernwald, Grünberg, Langgöns, Linden, Pohlheim, Rabenau (= monument topography Federal Republic of Germany ). Theiss, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-8062-2178-7 , p. 414 f.
  • Heinrich Walbe : The art monuments of the Gießen district. Vol. 3: Southern part without Arnsburg. Hessisches Denkmalarchiv, Darmstadt 1933, pp. 87–105.
  • Peter Weyrauch : The churches of the old district of Giessen. Mittelhessische Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft, Gießen 1979, p. 78 f.

Web links

Commons : Evangelical Church (Grüningen)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Weyrauch: The churches of the old district of Gießen. 1979, p. 79.
  2. ↑ a b c d e State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse: Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2010, p. 415.
  3. ↑ Deanery Hungen , website of the Church Working Group of the Evangelical Deaneries Grünberg, Hungen and Kirchberg, accessed on April 18, 2020.
  4. ^ Gerhard Kleinfeldt, Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area (= writings of the Institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16 ). NG Elwert, Marburg 1937, ND 1984, p. 22.
  5. ↑ a b Grüningen. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 17, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 91.
  7. ↑ a b Dehio, Cremer: Handbook of German Art Monuments. 2008, p. 352.
  8. ↑ Blum: The Grüningen Church. 2019, p. 29.
  9. ↑ a b c Dehio, Cremer: Handbook of German Art Monuments. 2008, p. 353.
  10. ^ A b c Günter E. Th. Bezzenberger: Churches worth seeing in the church areas of Hesse and Nassau and Kurhessen-Waldeck, including the Rhine-Hessian church districts of Wetzlar and Braunfels. Evangelischer Presseverband, Kassel 1987, p. 243.
  11. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 92.
  12. ^ Küther: Auxiliary Bishop Paul Hutten from Erfurt. 1978, p. 31.
  13. ^ State Office for the Preservation of Monuments in Hesse: Cultural monuments in Hesse. 2010, p. 414.
  14. ↑ Blum: The Grüningen Church. 2019, p. 8.
  15. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1931, p. 196.
  16. ↑ a b c d e Weyrauch: The churches of the old district of Gießen. 1979, p. 78.
  17. ^ Heinrich Walbe: Report on the architectural monuments in the province of Upper Hesse. In: Annual Report of the Preservation of Monuments in the People's State of Hesse 1913–1928. Vol. IVa. Staatsverlag, Darmstadt 1930, p. 247.
  18. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1931, p. 197.
  19. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 97.
  20. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1931, p. 198.
  21. ^ Diehl: Construction book for the Protestant parishes. 1931, p. 199.
  22. ↑ Gießener Allgemeine Zeitung of January 4, 2013: Eintracht Adam Isheim donates to Grüninger Church , seen May 23, 2013.
  23. ↑ Wetterauer Zeitung of March 4, 2016: "We have come a long way" , accessed on April 18, 2020.
  24. ^ Janson: Romanesque church buildings in the Rhine-Main area. 1979, p. 139.
  25. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 95.
  26. ^ Martin Morkramer: Vault capstones of the Arnsburg monastery . In: Hessian homeland. From nature and history . No. 17, August 20, 1983, pp. 2-3.
  27. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 100.
  28. ^ Martin Morkramer: Vault capstones of the Arnsburg monastery. In: Hessian homeland. From nature and history . No. 17, August 20, 1983, pp. 1-3.
  29. ↑ Blum: The Grüningen Church. 2019, p. 39.
  30. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 105.
  31. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 98.
  32. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 104.
  33. ↑ Walbe: The art monuments of the district of Giessen. 1933, p. 103.
  34. ^ Franz Bösken , Hermann Fischer : Sources and research on the organ history of the Middle Rhine (=  contributions to the Middle Rhine music history . Volume 29.1 ). tape 3 : Former province of Upper Hesse. Part 1: A-L . Schott, Mainz 1988, ISBN 3-7957-1330-7 , p. 428 f .
  35. ^ Diehl: Pastor and schoolmaster book. 1930, p. 174f.

Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 31 ″  N , 8 ° 43 ′ 48 ″  E

This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on March 22, 2014 .