Fan rosette
Fan rosettes or half rosettes are part of the jewelry repertoire of European and Indian art . They are derived from full rosettes and can be designed either standing or hanging. One widely used as decorative motif have to Renaissance - half-timbered buildings mainly found in Germany.
history
How far back fan rosettes as an ornament in architecture is unclear - in any case, ancient examples are hardly known. In Indian art, fan rosettes can be found as lotus abbreviations and possibly also as symbols of the rising or setting sun, for example on the Heliodorus column near Sanchi or Vidisha (around 100 BC) or on stone stupa fences (e. B. Sanchi or Bharhut ). Some of the earliest examples of Central Europe appear on the Römerturm in Cologne . Early medieval rosettes can be found in the decorative window panels of the Visigothic church of San Juan de Baños near Palencia (Castile) and the pre-Romanesque church of San Miguel de Lillo near Oviedo (Asturias).
Mark
The fan rosettes of the Weser Renaissance can be found in semicircles or quarter circles on the parapet zones of the windows in the area of the upper floors and the gable. First recorded in 1532 in Halberstadt , since the middle of the 16th century it has increasingly replaced the Gothic struts . It got its name from the fan-like structure inside.
The fan rosette is to be seen as a transfer of the shell motif, which was extremely popular in the stone buildings of the Renaissance, to the half-timbered building. While in the solid construction of the Weser Renaissance almost only the shell rosette, similar to the rocaille , was used, the rosette ornamentation was greatly varied in the half-timbered structure. In addition to the shell rosette as the most faithful replica of the stone ornamentation, the linear fan rosette often appeared. The palmette and swirl rosette can be found as further modifications . Most of these varieties are listed under the generic term "fan rosette". Since the 20th century, the rosettes have often been painted in strong colors. In some buildings, however, it could be proven that, based on the solid buildings, they could be painted in monochrome or had a stone-colored paint.
distribution
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Fan rosettes can already be found in early Buddhist art in India and were later adopted by Islam on the Indian subcontinent. Only a few examples have survived from ancient and medieval Europe.
In Germany, the fan rosette was largely restricted to the Low German area. This decorative motif can be found very often on the richly decorated half-timbered houses in the cities of the Weser region ( Weser Renaissance ). Particularly striking examples of carved fan rosettes in this region are:
- Bad Salzuflen : House Backs (1532)
- Einbeck : Ratswaage (1565), Old Town Hall (around 1560)
- Hameln : Stiftsherrenhaus (1558)
- Höxter : Old Dechanei (1561)
- Paderborn : Adam and Eve House (around 1560)
- Stadthagen : Official gate (1553)
- Verden : Half-timbered house Strukturstrasse 7 (1577)
Further east in Saxony-Anhalt there are several examples in
- Quedlinburg : Breite Strasse 53 , Hohe Strasse 29 , Schlossberg 10 , Kunsthoken
- Gernrode : Häuschenstr. 6th
In North Rhine-Westphalia , the fan rosette occurs mainly in East Westphalia (west to Bielefeld , Halle (Westphalia) ), in the former Principality of Lippe and in the Hellweg area ( Soest , Unna ).
In Lower Saxony, their distribution extends in the southeast to the Harz ( Goslar , Osterode am Harz ).
In Schleswig-Holstein the subject is rare to find ( Mölln , Luetjenburg ).
In Hessen, too, it appears only rarely (e.g. in Langsdorf near Lich ).
In Mecklenburg in were German House in Rehna subjects rosettes used as decorative elements in the first phase of construction in the 16th century.
The fan rosette was by no means limited to the large town houses . It can also be found at aristocratic residences and farmhouses ( Haus Aussel near Wiedenbrück ; Valepagenhof near Delbrück , now in the Westphalian Open-Air Museum in Detmold ). In the country, this form of jewelry lasted well into the 17th century.
See also
Fan rosettes are sometimes found as the upper door adornment of Georgian and Victorian houses, including the UK Prime Minister's residence at 10 Downing Street .
literature
- G. Ulrich Großmann: Half-timbered in Germany. Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2006, ISBN 3-86568-154-9 .
- Hans-Günter Bigalke: half-timbered houses. Decorations on Low German half-timbered buildings and their development in Celle. Schlütersche, Hannover 2000, ISBN 3-87706-588-0 , p. 283 ff.
- Wilhelm Hansen, Herbert Kreft: Half-timbered in the Weser area . Niemeyer, Hameln 1980, ISBN 3-87585-048-3 .
