Silberberg Fortress
The fortress Silberberg or Silesian Gibraltar ( Polish : Twierdza Srebrnogórska , Silesian : Fortress Selberbarg) is the only mountain fortress in the area of Silesia in the village of Srebrna Góra (Stoszowice) belonging to the municipality of Stoszowice (Peterwitz ) . It is also the largest fortress in Europe with the highest bastion donjon. In its history, this fortress has never been taken by enemies.
history
The fortifications were built on the orders of the Prussian King Friedrich II . The purpose of this fortress was to defend the Silberbergpass and strengthen the line of fortifications against attacks by the Austrians in the Sudeten foothills . It was created between 1765 and 1777.
During the Fourth Coalition War , Colonel Bogislaus von Schwerin successfully defended the fortress against Bavarian troops from the Rhine Confederation in the summer of 1807 .
As a military fortress, it only existed for almost 100 years, because in 1860 it was abandoned and partially demolished.
The Silberberg Fortress was entered in the Polish Register of Monuments on the basis of decision No. 861 of April 14, 1961 and declared a historical monument on April 14, 2004 by order of the President of the Republic of Poland.
Currently, Silberberg Fortress is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the Owl Mountains .
Commanders of the fortress
- 1775–1778 Major General Franz Ludwig von Rossieres
- 1778–1787 Colonel Dietrich von Haas
- 1787–1797 Colonel Michael Wilhelm von Capeller
- 1800–1805 Colonel Johann Adam von Schlemmer
- 1805–1809 Colonel Magnus Carl Ferdinand Bogislaus von Schwerin
- 1809–1812 Colonel Karl Friedrich Heinrich von Massow
- 1812–1814 Colonel Heinrich Konstantin Anton von Poyda
- 1814–1817 Colonel Karl Rudolf von Glan
- 1817–1827 Major General Ludwig Ernst Christian von Kyckpusch
- 1827–1839 Major General Johann Karl von Langen
- 1839 Colonel Ludwig von Borstel (1787–1839)
- 1839–1846 Major General Alexander von Kaweczinski
- 1846–1851 Colonel Friedrich Wilhelm Menckhoff
- 1851–1854 Lieutenant Colonel Emil von Bornstedt
- 1854–1856 Lieutenant Colonel Adolph von Randow
- 1856–1860 Lieutenant Colonel von Pape
Prisoners of the fortress
In the course of the demagogue persecution , the following fraternity members were incarcerated in the casemates of the fortress:
- Carl August Bohl (1811-1870) - 1834 to 1840
- Ernst Gustav Bönninger (? –1849) - 1836 to 1838 (escape)
- August Wilhelm Braun (1811–1872) - 1834 to 1840
- Johann Adolf Friedrich Döhn (1811–1864) - from 1834
- Fritz Reuter - November 16, 1834 to mid-February 1837
- Andreas Wilhelm Scheibner (1807-1851) - from 1834
- Heinrich Wilhelm Schultheiss (1810–1876) - 1836 to 1840
- Carl Gustav Stahlberg (1814–1849) - 1834 to 1840
- Franz Rudolf Wachsmuth (1810–1903) - 1835 to 1837
- Wilhelm Wolff , called "Kasematten-Wolff" - July 30, 1835 to July 30, 1838
- Ferdinand Wuthenow - June 1835 to 1840
In 1939, Polish prisoners of war were interned at the fortress. a. General Tadeusz Piskor (1889–1951) and Admiral Józef Unrug .
literature
- Wolfgang Bleyl, Silberberg, the pass fortress of Silesia in the preservation of art and monuments in Silesia: Lower Silesia - 2.1939
- Siberberg / Eulengeb. In: Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 505-507.
Individual evidence and explanation
- ↑ In short stories she appears under the name "Silesian Gibraltar".
- ^ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch : The state forces of the Prussian monarchy under Friedrich Wilhelm III. Berlin 1830, p. 212.
Web links
- Silberberg Fortress in Silesia
- Silberberg Fortress - Research project University of Wroclaw (Breslau) (PDF file; 116 kB)
Coordinates: 50 ° 34 ′ 29.8 " N , 16 ° 38 ′ 34.3" E