Fire castle

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Feuerschlößchen (2009)
Fire Castle (1908)

The Feuerschlößchen is a villa in Bad Honnef , a town in the Rhein-Sieg district in North Rhine-Westphalia , which was built in 1905/06. It is located on the Kirchbeuel hill on a terrain rising to the east towards Reichenberger Höhe on the northern edge of the Bondorf district or on the southern edge of Rommersdorf on Rommersdorfer Straße (house numbers 78-82). The Feuerschlößchen stands as a monument under monument protection .

history

The villa was built on the site of a baroque country house of the Barons von Loë and von Bongart, which probably dates back to the 17th or 18th century and the most recent three-wing, two-storey building of which is dated 1806. At last it was also called Feuerschlößchen and was used as an inn and hotel with 24 guest rooms until the property was acquired by the Essen newspaper publisher Wilhelm Girardet in October 1903 and then abandoned for the construction of a new building. Girardet announced an architectural competition that was endowed with 6,000 marks . In addition to Girardet, the jury included Karl Henrici , who worked on the urban development plan , the publisher Alexander Koch and the architect Hermann Muthesius . The public attention for the competition was extraordinarily high for a private residential building, around 900 architects received the documents. At the time, the project was documented in several specialist journals, including the master builder . The Berlin government master builder Wilhelm Freiherr von Tettau emerged victorious from the competition with prize money of 2,000 marks, the Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen received the second prize . The plans for the building were changed several times and reduced by half, as two earlier designs by Tettaus attest.

"Even then, public competition for a private house was a unique sensation."

- Ulrich Maximilian Schumann : Wilhelm Freiherr von Tettau - 1872–1929: Architecture in the crisis of liberalism. 1999, p. 49.
Office and machine building (1908; demolished)

Even before the villa was built, the porter's house (including the coach house with stables) was built after a corresponding building application dated November 24, 1904 . Von Tettau managed the construction of a specially built office building ("Kontorhaus"), which was adjoined by a machine and a greenhouse (both later demolished). On January 31, 1905, the building application for the main building, the so-called Villa Girardet, was received. The building permit was granted on June 8, 1905, and the gatehouse was ready for use on August 26 . After a relatively short construction period of 14 months, the villa with a living space of 500  m² was completed in the summer of 1906. This was followed by the interior design of the building, also designed by Tettau. Karl Henrici was involved in the construction of the western enclosure wall . In 1911 a pergola was added to the northwest corner.

After the death of Wilhelm Girardet in 1918 the fire castle stood empty. In the era of National Socialism it turned the community of heirs Girardet in food as estate administration in December 1933 for use by the earlier in Cologne-Wahn -based Gauführerschule for Gau Cologne-Aachen ready. The ceremonial inauguration of the new "Gauschulungsburg" took a restructuring on 1 July 1934 at the presence of after conducting DAF -directors Robert Ley and Gauleiter Josef Grohé instead. In the main building of the Feuerschlößchen there was now a large dining room, an auditorium and teaching room for 80 people as well as the headmaster's living room; the former gardener's house and the stables served as accommodation for the teachers and staff. In 1944 the Feuerschlößchen became the property of the West German observer . At the end of the Second World War in March 1945, the building was fiercely contested. After the end of the war it became the location of a high school for the officer's sons of the Belgian occupation forces , which was called Athenée . After the end of the occupation, an engineering school was set up here for a time. In the early 1950s, the Feuerschlößchen became municipal property. In the 1950s, the wall of the villa was renewed and a small gate with a fountain integrated into it was removed. The Siebengebirgsgymnasium built a school in 1959 on part of the original villa park. The German Foundation for International Development later took over the building until it moved out again in 1996. In 1988, renovation work began with the aim of restoring the original condition, which affected the entrance hall and the main staircase and, from 1993, the external facades. By the spring of 1998, the property was prepared for cultural use and use by the Siebengebirgsgymnasium at a cost of one million marks . In 1998 the International University of Applied Sciences for Tourism was founded in Feuerschlößchen, but in 2000 it moved to its own campus on the southern edge of the city center.

The property (including the porter's house) was entered in the list of monuments of the city of Bad Honnef on June 25, 1986.

architecture

Feuerschlößchen, gatehouse (2014)

The Feuerschlößchen contains influences from the English architectural form of the country house , the Darmstadt artists' colony and, to a lesser extent, Art Nouveau . The Villa Girardet is a three-storey building (plus basement ) made of natural stone , rich in a variety of bay windows , loggias , pilasters , caryatids and cornices . The Rhine front became symmetrical, the rear and side fronts were designed asymmetrically. The one-and-a-half-story gatehouse of the villa, a castle-like building, consists of broken bricks on the ground floor on the west and north sides (front side) and plastered bricks on the upper floor and east side . Its porch at the entrance resembles a battlement . The aim was both a picturesque and (especially on the Rhine front) monumental effect of the building.

A stone cross is embedded in the outer wall of the gatehouse, commemorating the death of a person at this point in 1712. It is under monument protection as its own architectural monument.

“Even more lonely among the residential buildings of the time [than the unusual concept with its uniformly geometrical plan and the one-sidedly developing height] is the execution, in which the painterly and the harmonious have been completely displaced by the ruggedness of the volume and the immediacy of the material . "

- Ulrich Maximilian Schumann : Wilhelm Freiherr von Tettau - 1872–1929: Architecture in the crisis of liberalism . 1999.

“You have to look carefully to see a winegrowing symbol in the facade decoration of the Feuerschlößchen in Rommersdorf, as there was probably a similar one on the old building of Freiherr von Loe. It represents an owl with a bunch of grapes. "

- Adolf Nekum : Viticulture in Honnef - memories of a 1,100 year history . 1993.

reception

The Feuerschlößchen left some traces in the work of other architects. The house Bernhard (1904-05) in Berlin's Grunewald by Hermann Muthesius, who was sitting in the jury for the construction project, has in its compact geometry of the floor plan and the bay forms as well as the dominance of the roof and gable significant matches. A house (Heerstraße 48) built in 1907/08 in Bonn's northern part of the city according to plans by the local architect Carl Senff is also based on the example of the fire castle, as can be seen from the design and integration of a central bay and the height of the building. Influences from the competition designs for the Villa Girardet can also be demonstrated in Hans Poelzig's country house and youth home Zwirner (1910) in Löwenberg in Silesia , which, apart from the comparable dimensions of the building, has a similar transition from helmet-like bay windows to a deeply drawn roof.

In 1981/82 the composer Tilo Medek created the piano work Blick aus dem Feuerschlösschen - Eight Piano Pieces for Young People (world premiere on January 26, 1983 in Lübeck ).

literature

Web links

Commons : Feuerschlößchen  - collection of images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b List of monuments of the city of Bad Honnef , number A 79
  2. ^ Karl Günter Werber : Alt Honnefer picture book . Third, greatly expanded edition, Verlag der Buchhandlung Karl Werber, Bad Honnef 1983, p. 134.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Ulrich Maximilian Schumann: Wilhelm Freiherr von Tettau - 1872–1929: Architecture in the crisis of liberalism.
  4. ^ Ansgar Sebastian Klein : Rise and Rule of National Socialism in the Siebengebirge . Klartext Verlag, Essen 2008, ISBN 978-3-89861-915-8 , p. 237–239 (also dissertation University of Bonn, 2007).
  5. ↑ Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Rhöndorf (ed.); August Haag : Pictures from the past of Honnef and Rhöndorf . Complete production JP Bachem, Cologne 1954, p. 120.
  6. ^ A b c Karl Günter Werber: Honnefer walks.
  7. ↑ State Conservator North Rhine-Westphalia (Ed.): Yearbook of Rheinische Denkmalpflege 39 , Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2004, ISBN 3-937251-23-5 , p. 204.
  8. ↑ A gem on the hill in Rommersdorf: The Feuerschlößchen and its new residents . In: General-Anzeiger . October 1, 1997, p. 6 .
  9. ↑ List of monuments of the city of Bad Honnef, number A 80
  10. ^ Ulrich Maximilian Schumann: Wilhelm Freiherr von Tettau - 1872–1929: Architecture in the crisis of liberalism . P. 62.
  11. ↑ Adolf Nekum : The viticulture in Honnef - memories of a 1,100-year history (= Heimat- und Geschichtsverein “Herrschaft Löwenburg” eV : studies on the local history of the city of Bad Honnef am Rhein. Issue 10). Bad Honnef 1993, p. 269.
  12. ^ Tilo Medek - Catalog raisonné 2013 (PDF), p. 26.

Coordinates: 50 ° 39 ′ 2.3 ″  N , 7 ° 13 ′ 33 ″  E