Francesco Maria Pignatelli

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Francesco Maria Pignatelli (born February 19 or 22, 1744 in Rosarno , Calabria , † August 14, 1815 in Rome ) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Church .

Life

Origin and early years

He came from a noble Neapolitan family and was the second of the nine children of Fabrizio III. Pignatelli, 8th Prince of Noia, and his wife Costanza de ' Medici di Ottajano. Five of his sisters later became nuns . Among his relatives were Pope Innocent XII. , originally Antonio Pignatelli , as well as the cardinals Francesco Pignatelli , Domenico Pignatelli di Belmonte and Ferdinando Maria Pignatelli . He received his first education from tutors from the Dominican and Capuchin orders . In 1758 he moved to Rome and attended the Collegio Clementino run by the Somas people . On October 21, 1765 he obtained the academic degree of Doctor iuris utriusque at the University of La Sapienza .

Church career

He entered the service of the Curia as Apostolic Protonotary and on November 28, 1765 was a trainee lawyer at the courts of the Apostolic Signature . From January 19, 1767 to June 30, 1772 he was vice- legate in Ferrara . In January 1772 he met the Consulta as a relator . From February 14, 1785 he was "the Pope's chief valet", which at that time was only a benefit ; he held this position until his elevation to the rank of cardinal. In March 1786 he also became archdeacon of Gerona.

cardinal

In the consistory of February 21, 1794 , Francesco Maria Pignatelli was elevated to cardinal. He received the cardinal's hat on February 27 of the same year, and on September 12, 1794, he was awarded Santa Maria del Popolo as the titular church . He was a member of the Congregation for Ecclesiastical Immunity , the Congregation for Rites , the Congregation for the Holy Consulta and the Congregation for the Apostolic Visitation.

As a French on June 1, 1795 troops occupied Ferrara without a fight, he came as a legacy for a short time in captivity . After his release he went to Rome and then on to Naples. Napoléon Bonaparte, however, insisted on Francesco Maria Pignatelli's status as a prisoner of war sur parole , under revocation, and ordered him to go to Milan. Pope Pius VI asked him to obey, but the signing of the Treaty of Tolentino released him.

Francesco Maria Pignatelli took part in the conclave 1799–1800 in Venice, which Pius VII elected as Pope. After the conclave he returned to Rome, which was now occupied by Neapolitan troops. On April 2, 1800 he decided to go to the titular church of Santa Maria in Trastevere . In 1801 he became Prefect of the Congregation for Regular Clerics.

When Pius VII left for France to crown Napoleon Bonaparte Emperor of the French, he gave Cardinal Pignatelli his declaration of resignation in the event that the French forcefully prevented him from returning. Francesco Maria Pignatelli was arrested by French troops on December 10, 1809, and after the arrest of Pius VII, he was exiled in France. He was one of the thirteen "black cardinals" who were banned from wearing the cardinal purple by Napoleon because they refused to take part in the marriage of Napoleon I to Marie-Louise on April 12, 1810. On imperial orders, he was banished to Rethel together with Cardinal Alessandro Mattei . He was reinstated in his offices after the Fontainebleau Concordat was signed. After the Pope's revocation of the treaty, which Pius VII did not recognize as a Concordat, Francesco Maria Pignatelli joined this revocation and thus the Pope. Due to his poor health, he stayed in Paris while other cardinals were abducted on January 27, 1814. He was liberated on April 2, 1814 by order of the Provisional Government of France. He went back to Rome and died there the following year. He was buried in his titular church Santa Maria in Trastevere .

literature

  • Philippe Bountry: Le sacré collège des cardinaux . In: Souverain et pontife. Recherches prosopographiques sur la Curie Romaine à l'âge de la Restoration (1814–1846) . École française de Rome, Rome 2002, margin no. 622–624 (French, online edition [accessed April 18, 2020]).
  • Ugo Dovere:  Pignatelli, Francesco Maria. In: Raffaele Romanelli (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 83:  Piacentini – Pio V. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2015.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ Pignatelli, iuniore , Francesco Maria. In: Salvador Miranda : The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. ( Florida International University website ), accessed April 18, 2020.
  2. ↑ Philippe Bountry: Le sacre collège of cardinaux . In: Souverain et pontife. Recherches prosopographiques sur la Curie Romaine à l'âge de la Restoration (1814–1846) . École française de Rome, Rome 2002, margin no. 622 (French, online edition [accessed April 18, 2020]).
personal data
SURNAME Pignatelli, Francesco Maria
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian cardinal of the Roman Church
DATE OF BIRTH February 19, 1744 or February 22, 1744
PLACE OF BIRTH Rosarno , Calabria
DATE OF DEATH August 14, 1815
Place of death Rome