Franz Philipp

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Franz Joseph Philipp (born August 24, 1890 in Freiburg im Breisgau ; † June 2, 1972 ibid) was a German church musician , composer and musician under National Socialism .

Life

As early as 1908, as a student at the Freiburg Conservatory of Music, Franz Philipp received lessons in violin , composition , music theory and piano lessons .

His first position as organist was still a student in the Herz-Jesu congregation in Freiburg , where his first mass composition was performed. From 1911 to 1912 he studied literature and philosophy at the University of Freiburg . From 1912 to 1913 he studied organ , counterpoint and improvisation at the Basel Conservatory with Adolf Hamm , who in turn was a student of Max Reger and Karl Straube . In 1914 he recorded 23 piano rolls for the Welte Philharmonic organ .

During the First World War , Franz Philipp was buried as a soldier in the 5th Baden Infantry Regiment No. 113 at the front in the Vosges and suffered irreversible hearing damage. During the war, his war enthusiasm for his cantata Germany's Hour was premiered in the Berlin Philharmonic in 1916 . From 1919 to 1924 Franz Philipp worked as a church musician in the Freiburg St. Martins congregation and from 1923 had a teaching position for organ, singing, theory and music history at the teachers' college. In 1924 he married Sophie Hummel and was appointed director of the Baden Conservatory for Music in Karlsruhe , which under his leadership was elevated to a state university in 1929 and was headed by him until 1942.

In 1925 his son Johannes was born, who died in 1944 during the Allied offensive in Normandy . In 1925 and 1926, Franz Philipp founded the Badische Organ School , the Institute for Catholic Church Music, the Baden Chamber Choir and the Baden Chamber Orchestra . From 1925 to 1927 he also directed the Karlsruhe Bach Choir .

After the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists , he had been a member of the NSDAP since May 1, 1933 . During the time of National Socialism , Franz Philipp composed various Nazi party music for things games and other occasions, folk cantatas and vocal works with texts in the spirit of the Nazi rulers. Philipp was highly valued as a musician by those in power. His orchestral work “Heroic Celebration” Op. 35 was celebrated by the Völkischer Beobachter as an exemplary national-socialist composition, because the spirit of our struggle and the creative powers of this music stand before us as two valid witnesses to the inner truth of this new worldview . His flag song op. 38, 2 became the SA song of the SA group southwest.

Despite his ingratiation to the National Socialist regime, his strong roots in Catholic church music apparently brought him difficulties and personal conflicts. In 1942 he resigned from his position as director of the Karlsruhe University of Music. Since his resignation he has worked as a freelance composer in Freiburg im Breisgau. In a short biography, Herbert Haag gives health reasons and the year 1941 as the reason for his resignation. After the war he apparently also succeeded in downplaying his leading role in National Socialist music. After the end of the war, when he was embarrassed by his commitment to National Socialism and he devoted himself more intensively to the composition of church music, he tried to erase the opus numbers of the National Socialist compositions with new compositions with the same opus number. The Third Reich does not appear in the festschrift published on his 70th birthday. In 1960 he was the first artist to be awarded the Reinhold Schneider Prize in Freiburg and was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit, First Class . He died in his hometown in 1972 and was buried in the main cemetery in Freiburg .

effect

As a composer, Franz Philipp tried not to follow the well-trodden paths of Cäcilianism and, on the other hand, advocated the reorientation of Catholic church music. Viewed superficially, he appears as an epigone of Anton Bruckner . Apart from his organ work, his musical work has references to Gregorian chant and German folk song , is thus shaped by the so-called “liturgical movement” and includes children's songs as well as large-scale symphonic choral works.

Despite his extensive activity as an organist, where he particularly distinguished himself through his art of improvisation, Franz Philipp left only a few organ compositions. In contrast to his other work, Philip's organ opus is very much oriented towards the late romantic style of Max Reger.

His work, which mainly consists of choral compositions, has largely been forgotten after his death. His compositions for the Nazi cult and Philip's attempt at a later concealment are still critically examined by musicologists and historians and certainly do not make a reception of his sacred work easy today.

From 1960 to 1979 there was the Franz-Philipp-Gesellschaft in Freiburg , which published the Vox newsletter .

Works (selection)

Franz Philipp's opus officially comprises 98 titles, but there are also around 20 works without an opus number. The composer's estate is in the Baden State Library and has been recorded there. Research in libraries, however, reveals further prints of his pieces with varying information. Works that could be identified with the same opus number but clearly different content are marked with an appended -2 ​​and explained by a footnote .

  • Lenaulieder cycle, op. 1 (1908)
  • Toccata for piano in D major, op.2. Karlsruhe, F. Müller, 1927
  • Two women's choirs a cappella, op.3. Karlsruhe, F. Müller, 1928
  • Mourning Song, Op. 4. (premiered in 1913 in Basel Minster)
  • Four songs from the war, op.5 (1914). Berlin; Leipzig, Simrock 1917
  • Ballad for piano I had a comrade , op.6
  • Five songs, op.7. Berlin, Simrock 1919
  • Five little songs, op.8. Ludwigsburg, Schultheiß, around 1918
  • Four songs op 9. Mönchengladbach, Böhm, ca.1932 (music in the house, 122)
  • Cantata Germany's Hour , op. 10 (Premiere Philharmonie Berlin 1916, unprinted).
  • Simson Prelude, Symphonic Prologue to Hermann Burtes Simson , op.11 (1918). Ludwigsburg, Schultheiß, around 1920
  • Peace Mass, op. 12 (premiered July 24, 1924 in Freiburg i. Br. On the occasion of the 800th anniversary). Karlsruhe, Fritz Müller, 1928
  • Piano quartet in C minor for piano, violin, viola a. Violoncell, op.13 (1919). Augsburg, Filser, undated; Augsburg. Böhm, 1968.
  • To Hans Thoma . A song, Ged. by Kurt Karl Eberlein , op. 14. On his 82nd birthday d. Master. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, ca.1921.
  • Our Lady. A series of [7] a cappella choirs, op. 15. Regensburg, Feuchtinger & Gleichauf, approx. 1925
  • Eichendorff cycle for male choir, horn, organ, etc. Trombones, op.16. Karlsruhe, Fritz Müller, 1927
  • Three chorale preludes from the Passion period for organ, op.17. Mönchengladbach, Volksvereinsverl., Undated
  • Lieder, Op. 20. Songs for a high voice and piano. Karlsruhe i. B., Fritz Müller, Süddt. Musikverl., 1928.
  • Trio for flute, violin and viola, op.23
  • Choir cycle Sancta Elisabeth . Litany of St. Elizabeth, op.24.
  • God's praise from the mouth of a child, a series of children's prayers for mother and child, op.25 Düsseldorf, Schwann, n.d.
  • Workers' Song, op. 26 a
  • Freiburg St-Georgs-Lied op. 26 b
  • The friend (Text: H. Voigt). Song in folk tone for 4stg. Male choir a cappella, op.27 b. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, undated
  • Laudate Dominum, a cappella mass for four-part mixed choir, Op. 28. Düsseldorf, Schwann, 1932.
  • Alemannic songs in the folk tone, op. 31. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, 1935
    • No. 1. Heil dir, my Alimannisch Heimetland.
    • No. 2. D 'Meidli in the Wiesedahl.
    • No. 3. De Postlima.
    • No. 4. Dicki Chöpf.
    • No. 5. Type of forest
  • Cantata Holy Fatherland op.32
    • Call of the Torchbearers, op.32, 3 (Text: Heinrich Anacker )
      • Lamentation for the Dead, Op. 32 [-2?] (Text: Maria Kahle)
  • German folk anthem to praise d. Work for gem. Choir u. large brass band with fanfares. Seal by Heinrich Lersch . Comp. For outdoor performances with mass choirs . op. 33. Augsburg, Böhm, 1934.
    • Hymn to praise d. Work op. 33-2
  • Heimat (text: Gottfried Buchmann ), Lied im Volkston, op. 34. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, undated
  • Orchestra work Heroic Celebration to a poem by Gerhard Schumann , op.35
  • Cecilia hymn for gem. Double choir. Seal by Wilhelm Fladt . op.36.Augsburg, Böhm, 1935 (premiere 1935 Limburg, Dom)
  • Neue Lieder im Volkston, op.37.Augsburg, Böhm, undated
    • Haimet on the Hochrhy
    • Ans Land Baden, op. 38 a. Augsburg, Böhm, 1936. Also op. 37, 3c
    • Farewell song of the Hotzen
    • Alimannic country. Augsburg, Böhm, approx. 1930
    • In a meadow valley, op. 37, 4 c
    • Bodensee-Lied, op. 37, 6 (poem by Gerhard Schumann), Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, undated
    • German hymn, op.37, 7. Augsburg, Böhm, 1950.
  • Celebration of Labor, op. 38. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, 1936
    • Flag song. When the flags and standards. (Poem by Gerhard Schumann) for 1stg. Choir u. Wind orchestra, op.38,2. Augsburg, Böhm, undated
      • To the state of Baden, op. 38-2
  • Calls for wind instruments to honor the dead of the movement, op. 39. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, 1938.
    • Brass calls op. 39-2
  • Johann Peter Hebel -Lieder, op.40.Lahr, Schauenburg, approx. 1950
  • Flags up, March op.41.Augsburg, Böhm, ca.1938
    • March for wind orchestra op. 41-2
  • Cantata People without Borders op. 42. In: Das Feierwerk, ed. from D. Reich administration d. NS teachers' association. Munich, Deutscher Volksverlag, 1937.
    • Song of the fighters and marching song from the cantata People without Borders, op. 42 a / b. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, undated
      • Bride song, op. 42-2
  • Three angels sang, Upper Rhine triptych for 3stg. Women's or boys' choir a cappella, op.43.Augsburg, Böhm, undated (premiered Nuremberg 1949)
  • Songs op. 44. Songs for 1 voice a. Piano. Augsburg, Böhm, undated
  • Ewiges Volk , folk cantata for a German choir celebration, op. 45. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, undated
      • Festive devotion to the Holy Eucharist, op. 45-2 (WP Freiburg i Br. Or Cologne 1948). Düsseldorf, Schwann, undated
  • A series of Hermann Burte songs: for medium voice and piano, op.46.Augsburg, Böhm, 1940
  • Youth music, marching song of the building companies (Ged. By Wilhelm Schwarz), op. 47. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, undated
      • Youth music for 3 violins, (triangle and snare drum at will), op. 47-2. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, o. J.
  • When Lord Christ was born. A series of Christmas songs, op. 48 (premiere Freiburg i. Br., St. Urban , December 30, 1945). Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, around 1943.
  • Music for a German celebration (organ works), op.49 Heidelberg, Willy Müller, 1943.
    • Music for a German celebration. Prelude, chorale double fugue and chorale, Opus 49 a (dedicated to Fritz Kaiser)
    • Prelude, triple fugue and chorale in G minor op. 49 a-2
    • Lardo in D minor for organ op.49 b-2
    • Largo (For Heroes' Remembrance Day), op. 49 c
  • Prelude, triple fugue and chorale in G minor for 2 piano op.50
  • Four duets op.51
  • Funeral songs, op. 52. Augsburg, Böhm, [Nachdr. 1970].
  • From the Kinderland. Children's songs with piano accompaniment, op. 53. Augsburg, Böhm, [Nachdr. 1968].
  • Hymn for a priestly celebration, op. 54. Frankfurt (Main) CF Peters. o. J (1990?)
  • Ecce sacerdos magnus, op.55.Dusseldorf, Schwann, undated
  • Crucifixus etiam pro nobis, a series of 10 Passion motets op.56
  • Freiburg Psalter, op.57
  • Freiburg Psalter. A collection of 31 chorales (based on the original work of the same name for folk song and organ), op. 58,1. Düsseldorf, Schwann, 1948
  • Masses op. 59. Missa pax vobis for mixed choir a cappella. Düsseldorf, Schwann, 1945.
  • Mater Dei, a life of Mary in Latin chants, for baritone solo (evangelist) and mixed choir a cappella, op. 60. Freiburg im Breisgau, Christophorus-Verl. (1 record).
  • Ceremonial entry, prelude a. Choral, op.62.Augsburg, Böhm, undated
  • Symphonic cantata Between Time and Eternity ', op.65
  • Consolation of the night. 4 madrigals for gem. Choir, op.68.Augsburg, Böhm, undated
  • Piano Sonata in G major, op.69
  • Sacred hymns for mixed choir a cappella, op.71
  • New Male Choirs, op.73.Augsburg, Böhm, undated
  • Sanctus cantata, from op.74
  • Serious and joyful canons, op.76.Augsburg, Böhm, undated
  • There is light over night, motet in three movements. Poems by Emil Gött . Augsburg, Böhm, 1954
  • New choral songs, op.82.Augsburg, Böhm, undated
  • Symphonic cantata De profundis , op.83
  • Missa Symphonica Credo in unum Deum , op.85
  • Symphony in D minor, op.97
  • Three motets Cantica nova , op.98.Augsburg, Böhm, 1962.

Works without a known opus number

  • Organ book for the Magnificat. Freiburg i. Br., Herder, 1929. 2nd ed. 1954
  • Pilgrimage song to the painful mother Maria in Todtmoos in the Black Forest (1935); Ged. by Paul Körber. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, undated
  • St. Nicholas song (text by Heinrich Gassert (1937)). Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, undated
  • Down in the lowlands. Ged. by G. Weigle. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, undated
  • To the holy mother of good advice. 1stg. Folk song with organ or harmonium accompaniment. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, 1935.
  • Saint Martin's host song. Text by Wilhelm Fladt. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, undated
  • Old German Christmas carols for four-part mixed choir a cappella. Düsseldorf, Schwann, undated
  • Pilgrimage song to Saint Notburga. Augsburg, Böhm, undated
  • Two folk songs. In: Singendes Volk , song sheets for d. Bath. Youth on the job d. Ministry of Culture u. Teaching Karlsruhe, art dr. Artists' Union, 1934
  • Two war songs. Berlin, Simrock, 1940
  • Flame up, text v. J. Chr. Nun (1814) , arrangement for 4stg. according to Franz Philipp's choir. Augsburg; Vienna, Böhm, undated

honors and awards

literature

  • Ludwig Andersen: Franz Philipp . In Zeitschrift für Musik, 100, 1933, pp. 561-562.
  • Theodor Ritte: Franz Philipp. An Alemannic sound artist full of heart and soul , in: Mein Heimatland (Badische Heimat) 23, 1936, pp. 141–143.
  • Hugo Ernst Rahner : Franz Philipp . In Zeitschrift für Musik, 107, 1940, pp. 449–453
  • Franz-Philipp-Gesellschaft (Ed.): Franz Philipp. 70 years. The image of a German musician in testimonies from contemporaries. , Freiburg, 1960
  • Franz Ruh: The Freiburg composer Franz Philipp 80 years. In: Das Markgräflerland, issue 2/3 1970, pp. 141–145 digitized version of the Freiburg University Library
  • Michael Gerhard Kaufmann : ... in the southwest of the empire bearer and herald of the German spirit .... The "State University for Music Karlsruhe on the Rhine" and its director Franz Philipp . In: Music in Baden-Württemberg. Yearbook. Vol. 6 (1999), pp. 27-48.
  • Jean Christophe Prümm: Franz Philipp and the renewal of Catholic church music. , Master's thesis, Marburg, University, 2002
  • Judith Marcinczak: Franz Philipp's estate [in the music department of the Badische Landesbibliothek]. Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, 2003.
  • Joachim Faller:  Franz (Joseph) Philipp. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 24, Bautz, Nordhausen 2005, ISBN 3-88309-247-9 , Sp. 1157-1160.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Fred K. Prieberg : Handbook of German Musicians 1933–1945 , CD-Rom-Lexikon, Kiel 2004, p. 5.249, party number 3.463.967.
  2. ^ Examples from Fred K. Prieberg: Handbuch , pp. 5.249 to 5.256
  3. ^ A b Theodor Ritte: Franz Philipp. An Alemannic sound artist full of heart and soul , in: Mein Heimatland , Ed .: Landesverein Badische Heimat , Freiburg i. Br., Vol. 23, 1936, pp. 141-142.
  4. ↑ Der Kirchensänger, vol. 37, No. 3, March 1937, p. 58
  5. ^ Herbert Haag : Upper Rhine organ book . Willy Müller, Süddeutscher Musikverlag, Heidelberg, 1943. p. 7.
  6. ↑ Fred K. Prieberg: Handbook , p. 5.256.
  7. ↑ Judith Marcinczak: discount Franz Philipp [in the music department of the Baden State Library]. Karlsruhe, Badische Landesbibliothek, 2003.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Franz Philipp. 70 years. The image of a German musician in testimonies from contemporaries. , Freiburg, 1960. Catalog raisonné A, based on opus numbers, pp. 165–173
  9. ^ Herbert Haag : Upper Rhine organ book . Willy Müller, Süddeutscher Musikverlag, Heidelberg, 1943. pp. 9–28. According to the introduction, the chorale theme is taken from the cantata Ewiges Volk .
  10. ^ Herbert Haag: Upper Rhine organ book . Willy Müller, Süddeutscher Musikverlag, Heidelberg, 1943. pp. 71–76. Dedication: Dedicated to my dear nephew Benhard Philipp, fell on March 5, 1943 on the Kuban bridgehead .
personal data
SURNAME Philipp, Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Philipp, Franz Joseph (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German composer and church musician
DATE OF BIRTH August 24, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Freiburg in Breisgau
DATE OF DEATH June 2nd 1972
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau