Düsseldorf (ship, 1912)
 The sister ship Essen as Inhambane
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The Düsseldorf of the German-Australian Steamship Company (DADG) in Hamburg was a standard freighter built in 1912 by the Joh. C. Tecklenborg shipyard with a cooling system for the shipping company for the Australian service. The shipyard delivered seven almost identical ships to the DADG between 1911 and 1914.
At the beginning of the war in 1914, Düsseldorf sought refuge in Barcelona and stayed there during the World War. According to the surrender conditions, the ships in neutral states were also to be surrendered to the Entente states. In May 1919 the ship was made available to the French government. In 1920 the Düsseldorf was given to Great Britain. There, the Ellerman Lines managed the ship, which eventually bought it as the City of Boston .
In July 1927, North German Lloyd in Bremen bought the former Düsseldorf , which had already received four similar DADG freighters built in Flensburg when it took over the Bremen Roland-Linie. The Düsseldorf was renamed Grandon (II). When the state unbundling of the German shipping companies, the NDL gave them to Hamburg-Süd . There it was renamed Patagonia in 1937 . Coming from Montevideo , she was able to reach home in November 1939.
The ship survived the war badly damaged. On October 4, 1945, the former Düsseldorf was sunk by the British as one of the first ships with gas ammunition in the Skagerrak .
Building history and operations until 1919
The Düsseldorf was one of a series of seven 5800 GRT freighters with a load capacity of over 9000 tdw with cargo cooling, which DADG procured from the Tecklenborg shipyard from 1911 to 1914. These ships were the first and only newbuildings by the Geestemünder Werft for the Hamburg freight shipping company. The Düsseldorf was completed as the fourth ship of the Tecklenborg series in March 1912. The ship was named after Düsseldorf , the capital of the administrative district of the same name in the Prussian Rhine Province.
On March 30, 1912, the Düsseldorf's maiden voyage began with a general cargo from Hamburg via Antwerp and South Africa to Australia, which was reached on May 23 and where it took cargo for the return journey in various ports until July 7. In mid-September, the ship, which was returning through the Red Sea, the Suez Canal and the Mediterranean, arrived back in Antwerp. The next trip to Australia began in Hamburg on September 21. On December 6, the return journey to Europe began from Sydney via ports on Java at the same time as the Hanau (4213 BRT, 1907). Before that she called at Cairns for the first time in Australia as the largest ship to date. However, she did not enter the port because there was not enough cargo. The board member Böger visited the port and promised a direct call by the DADG if there was enough freight. The Düsseldorf reached Le Havre on February 25, 1913 . On March 8, the ship then set out on its next voyage, which again led via East London to Australia. On April 27, under Captain Saegert, she met in Fremantle with the Magdeburg (5154 BRT, 1900), one of the older two-chimney ships of the DADG, under Captain Orgel, which had picked up cargo in the eastern Australian states. On May 16, the return journey began via Townsville and several ports in the Dutch East Indies , today's Indonesia. The Düsseldorf returned to her home port of Hamburg in mid-August .
For the autumn of 1913, the DADG offered four-weekly departures from Townsville through Torres Street to Makassar , Surabaya , Semarang , Batavia and Penang , which were then to continue through the Suez Canal to Marseille , Amsterdam and Hamburg. The first trip was to be made on October 9th by the Elmshorn , which was to be followed by the Düsseldorf about four weeks later . The ships should also be able to transport livestock if necessary. The Düsseldorf was used as planned and this time also called the port of Cairns with 450 t of cargo. On January 22nd, 1914, she was back in Northern Europe and entered Le Havre. Hamburg was reached on February 3rd.
On March 10, 1914, the Düsseldorf's last pre-war voyage began in Hamburg. It reached Fremantle on April 20, 1914, where the Reichspostdampfer Gneisenau from Bremen also arrived on the same day . In late April she was loading wheat in Sydney. On May 15, the return journey began in Sydney, where she had met with the Colmar (6184 BRT, 1912) of the DADG, which continued to Brisbane, and the Luxor of the DDG Kosmos . The Luxor returned to Chile across the Pacific .
Extradition after the World War
At the beginning of the war in 1914, Düsseldorf sought refuge in Barcelona and stayed there during the World War. According to the surrender conditions, the ships in neutral states were also to be surrendered to the Entente states. In May 1919 the ship was made available to the French government. With the Fremantle from Cádiz and the Mannheim delivered from Germany , the French had three almost identical ships. The latter two steamers were taken over by Messageries Maritimes , but the Düsseldorf were delivered to Great Britain in 1920. There, the Ellerman Lines managed the ship, bought it in 1920 and named it City of Boston . The ship is said to have made two trips to Australia under the French flag and has been used several times to Australia as an Ellerman ship.
Again under the German flag
In July 1927, Norddeutsche Lloyd von Ellermann acquired two formerly German freighters with the Kosmo (ex Nordmark , 5170 BRT, 1913, Hapag), which was renamed Nuremberg, and the City of Boston , previously DADG's Düsseldorf, for £ 50,000 each received the name Grandon (II). The NDL now had five former DADG freighters with cooling equipment, as by taking over the Roland-Linie, they bought the very similar Murla (ex Forst ), Witram (ex Melbourne ), Justin (ex Hobart ) and Witell (ex Canstatt ) since January 1926. In April 1928, with the Remscheid (ex Waldenburg ), another ship of this class was bought.
The name Grandon had previously been used by a coastal freighter, which had also come to NDL through the takeover of the Roland-Linie. This ship of 753 GRT was built as the Talita in 1918 in the Netherlands and was bought and renamed by Roland in December 1920. At NDL it was renamed again to Specht in July 1926 and was then passed on to the Argo shipping company, which was separated again in 1934.
In 1930 the Grandon (II) was used again under Captain W. Kühlken on her old main route to Australia. Kühlken had already commanded the NDL freighter Pfalz in 1914 and tried in vain to leave Melbourne immediately when the war broke out. He then spent the World War in Australian internment and took command of the Grandon to visit Australia again. The ship's cargo included two electric locomotives weighing more than 30 tons. 18 men left the ship illegally in Australia to start a new life in Australia. On July 2nd, the Grandon arrived back in Bremen.
In the spring of 1931 she made another trip to Australia. On board were u. a. a Russian and two Estonians discovered as stowaways, who were then allowed to work on board, but were not allowed to enter Australia. Before entering Adelaide , they jumped overboard to swim ashore. The operation cost the shipping company £ 300, although the three were believed to have drowned.
The main area of application for the former DADG ships then became the routes to South America. In the course of the unbundling of the German shipping companies, the Grandon , like the sister ships Witell and the Witram built by FSG , came to Hamburg-Süd. Initially chartered, they were transferred to Hamburg-Süd with their home port of Bremen and renamed after final payment in the course of 1937.
The Grandon became the second Patagonia of Hamburg-Süd on August 3, 1937 (home port further Bremen). From 1890 to 1904, a mail steamer of 2975 GRT carried the name of the southern Argentine landscape of Patagonia at Hamburg-Süd.
On September 1, 1939, the Patagonia left Buenos Aires with a load of 2200 t of frozen meat from Rosario to take over the remaining load to Montevideo . On the 3rd, Montevideo was left on course for home. Because of the sinking of the Olinda (4576 BRT, 1927, HDSG) by the British cruiser HMS Ajax , the steamer broke off the voyage and initially anchored under the coast. On September 15, additional coal was taken over in Montevideo and the journey home attempted again. On October 7th, the Patagonia in Narvik took over an ore load in the available space, replenished its coal supply in Norway and reached Hamburg on November 19th, 1939.
From 1940 the Patagonia was first used by the Navy as a transport to Norway. On November 27, the transporter received an air torpedo hit off the Frisian Islands by British Beaufort torpedo bombers of the 22nd Squadron / RAF. The heavily damaged ship was not ready for operation again until the end of November 1941. From December 1942 the Patagonia was used as a refrigerated ship in the AOK Norway area. On May 14, 1944, she was bombed during a Soviet air raid on the roadstead at Kirkenes and was set aground, severely damaged.
The end of Patagonia
The ship, lifted and repaired, was in May 1945 in Schülp b. Rendsburg on the Kiel Canal . In September it was loaded with poison gas ammunition like a number of other ships on the orders of the British military administration in Kiel . On October 4, 1945 the Patagonia (ex Grandon , City of Boston , Düsseldorf ) in the Skagerrak at 58 ° 15 ′ 0 ″ N , 9 ° 35 ′ 0 ″ E Sunk between Skagen and Arendal . On the same day and in the same sea area, the steamers Duburg (2675 BRT / 1922), Louise Schröder (1327 BRT / 1922) and Pillau (1308 BRT / 1923) were sunk with a similar load. The Norwegian government had approved the sinking of the ammunition in the sea area 25 nm southeast of Arendal.
Ships built by Tecklenborg for DADG
| Launched in service |
Surname | tonnage | shipyard | fate |
| 12.04.1911 05.20.1911 |
Fremantle | 5964 GRT | Tecklenborg building number 239 |
Refuge in Cádiz in 1914 , extradited to France in 1919: Andromede , demolished in 1931 |
| September 7, 1911 October 17, 1911 |
Albany | 5976 GRT | Tecklenborg building number 243 |
Refuge in Syracuse in 1914 , confiscated by Italy in 1915: Matteo Renato Imbriani , 20 March 1918 sunk by mines after leaving Marseille |
| October 7, 1911 November 20, 1911 |
Mannheim | 5979 GRT | Tecklenborg building number 244 |
Delivered to France in 1919: Lieutenant St.Loubert Bie , demolished in 1950 |
| 15.06.1912 08.06.1912 |
eat | 5972 GRT | Tecklenborg building number 248 |
1914 Refuge in Delagoa Bay , confiscated by Portugal in 1916: Inhambane , 1955 Vassiliki / CR, 1959 demolished |
| 11/12/1912 12/21/1912 |
Luneburg | 5912 GRT | Tecklenborg building number 251 |
Launched in Macassar / Dutch East Indies, delivered in 1919, P&O: Padua , canceled in 1934 |
| 03/12/1914 04/11/1914 |
Freiberg | 5879 GRT | Tecklenborg building number 261 |
Launched in Surabaja / Dutch East Indies, delivered in 1919 / City of Sydney / GB, 1923 repurchase by DADG: Lüneburg (II), 1926 Hapag, 1940 Sperrbrecher 9 , July 1, 1944 self- sunk off Brest |
literature
- Carl Herbert: War voyages of German merchant ships . Broschek & Co, Hamburg 1934.
- Arnold Kludas : The ships of Hamburg-Süd 1871 to 1951 . Gerhard Stalling Verlag, Oldenburg 1976, ISBN 3-7979-1875-5 .
- Arnold Kludas: The ships of the North German Lloyd 1920 to 1970 . Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, 1992, ISBN 3-7822-0534-0 .
Web links
- Tecklenborg Archives
- Inserts of Patagonia in the war
- Investigation and risk assessment of ships loaded with chemical ammunition scuttled in Skagerrak (PDF; 4.4 MB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ The sinking of the Patagonia
- ↑ NEW GA LINER
- ↑ GAS DUSSELDORF. expected about November 1O. .
- ↑ DEPARTURES
- ^ The Düsseldorf
- ↑ Port of Fremantle ARRIVALS
- ↑ Display for departures from Townsville
- ^ The Düsseldorf . English. In: Cairns Post, November 13, 1913. Online at trove.nla.gov.au.
- ^ Pre-War German Traders
- ↑ Under Three Flags
- ↑ Advertising
- ↑ German Skipper returns to Australia PFALZ INCIDENT RECALLED
- ↑ Admirer of Australia
- ↑ AUSTRALIA'S FIRST SHOT
- ↑ HIS FRIEND THE GUARD
- ^ Locomotives for Electricity Commission
- ↑ 10 Little Nigger Boys, A Sea Version
- ^ Leap into Sea
- ^ INTO OCEAN Dash for Liberty
- ↑ COSTLY STOWAWAYS Owners liable for £ 300
- ↑ The Andromede
- ↑ The sinking of MR Imbriano
- ^ Lieutenant Saint Loubert
- ↑ Side elevation of the Inhambane
- ↑ Data on Lüneburg
