Leisure Policy

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Leisure time politics ( compound from German " spare time " = freely available time and ancient Greek " politics " = art of state administration) comprises the political content , processes and structures in the leisure sector as a political field . "She often appears less explicit in appearance, but as a cross-cutting issue another integral part policy areas such as social policy , economic policy , labor policy , planning policy , land policy , environmental policy , transport policy , housing and urban planning policy , family policy and youth policy ."

legitimation

Leisure time requires political and state security, as it is a social benefit of society and part of economic redistribution and also fulfills important functions for individuals and society (such as recreation, health, voluntary work). Leisure time policy should be based on the principle of voluntariness and informality and guarantee free self-determination for all people involved.

An essential basis of legitimation for leisure-time politics is the anchoring of the right to rest and leisure in Article 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , which in principle imply the state's duty to protect.

Article 24 : Everyone has the right to rest and leisure and, in particular, to reasonable limits on working hours and regular paid leave.

Regulatory reasons for interventions in leisure time are, on the one hand, that the freedom of one meets that of another, the presence of preferred and disadvantaged people and that the short-term interest of the individual can run counter to the long-term interest of society. The financial policy reasons include the financing of public tasks (such as sports funding , cultural funding , facilities and infrastructure) as well as the provision of public funds for leisure-political projects.

task

In all countries, leisure time is seen as a “key component in the quality of life and in urban regeneration (both social and economic)”.

The basic tasks of leisure policy extend across a broad spectrum across society. Leisure time policy is not about submitting a fully developed program for every political or social area, but about creating the essential guidelines for the political areas that are essential for leisure time. The main four areas are:

  1. Housing construction , urban development , spatial planning and structural policy
  2. Labor policy and social policy
  3. Health and sport
  4. Education and culture

Specific tasks of leisure policy can include the spatial requirements of leisure and recreation, tourism problems, increasing the residential and leisure value in environmentally impaired residential areas , promoting tourism (e.g. vacation on the farm ), promoting popular and recreational sports, cultural work and cultural affirmation and Youth and elderly care.

aims

It is difficult to define goals for a fair leisure policy, because every segment of the population places different demands and needs on leisure policy. This can be justified, for example, by different levels of education, different financial circumstances or the subjective character of the individual. However, socially disadvantaged people are particularly dependent on leisure policy, as they are often unable to achieve their goals themselves. That is why a planning political design is necessary in order to consider the wishes of every social group. For this reason, the main goal of a leisure time policy is to humanize leisure time from the multiple constraints and restrictions u. a. by ensuring accessibility for the disadvantaged groups of society. It is therefore necessary to set differentiated and specific goals for these groups. Particularly noteworthy groups include:

  1. Disadvantaged workers due to time constraints and work obligations.
  2. Working mothers with many children due to time constraints and domestic obligations.
  3. Elderly people, due to health restrictions and social anxieties.
  4. Children and adolescents, due to the lack of specific leisure and training opportunities.
  5. Marginalized groups due to the lack of social components and physical and mental imbalances.

Fields of action

Due to the disadvantaged population groups mentioned above, there are special political fields of action and the associated concrete tasks of leisure policy:

Fields of action tasks
Spatial planning / living environment - Reduction of the spatial separation of living and working space
- Improvement of leisure conditions in the living area
Transport / Environment - Traffic calming in favor of more living and quality of life
life quality - Careful handling of recreational and natural landscapes
Work / working time - Humanization and reassessment of work
- Promotion of forms of work with more time autonomy
Education / culture - Improvement of the educational requirements for a more time-autonomous way of life
- Guarantee of framework conditions for a diverse cultural life
Self-help / social life - Appreciation and stimulation of personal initiative
- Promotion of communication skills and public engagement in leisure time
Sports / tourism - Further development of health, community and environment-oriented sport
- Promotion of socially and environmentally responsible tourism development
Youth / old age - Creation of favorable framework conditions for a diverse range of leisure activities for children and young people
- Promotion of an active life in old age

Structure of leisure policy

Leisure time basically affects several policy areas, so leisure policy can be understood as a cross-cutting task. It is therefore important that leisure policy has an integrating effect on the various sectors.

In Germany , the federal and state governments provide a large proportion of generally accessible leisure activities and infrastructure. In addition to the material side, they create the appropriate framework conditions within which the activities of the individual leisure associations, church organizations, employers and private providers take place through laws, provisions and regulations. However, the concrete implementation takes place materially and in terms of content at the municipal level.

The content-related responsibility and distribution of tasks in leisure policy at the federal and state levels is relatively fragmented and there are many overlaps. Almost all federal ministries deal with a part of the large field of activity of leisure policy. In addition, no federal state has its own comprehensive responsibility for leisure issues and planning, although the states are responsible for leisure, cultural and sports policy. The creation of the necessary conditions for a wide range of leisure activities and the connection with other areas such as economy , housing and urban development , transport , agriculture, etc. is part of the task of state and regional development.

Values ​​that directly affect leisure time as well as the creation of appropriate material framework conditions are politically controversial and are decided politically. At the same time, decisions in areas such as B. employment policy, technology , education and cultural policy indirectly affect the leisure sector .

Although many policy areas have leisure-related planning and decisions as their subject matter, there is only a few countries in the Federal Republic of Germany with a basic leisure policy concept that brings together leisure in the sense of a cross-sectional task of specialist planning in social policy , economic and labor policy , spatial planning policy, land policy, environmental policy , transport policy , media - , cultural and educational policy , health policy , women's policy . As a cross-sectional-oriented policy, leisure policy is “… forced to cross departmental boundaries and meet different needs by linking (not individual measures).” However, leisure-oriented policy approaches are only tourism , sports and media policy .

actors

Leisure-time political actors can u. a. differentiate according to legal form ( public law , private law, mixed forms), political levels (global to local) and professional affiliation (e.g. hotel industry, travel agencies, modes of transport).

State actors at the national level in Germany

Up until the beginning of the 1970s, West German leisure policy at the federal level was primarily based on infrastructure policy measures. It was not until the following years that basic regulations for coordinating the various tasks in the leisure sector were created. Today it can be stated that almost all federal ministries deal with part of this large area of ​​responsibility.

Federal Ministry Jurisdiction
of the interior (BMI) Promotion of popular sport and sport science
for economy (BMWi) Tourism , leisure industry
for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) Recreational provision in nature and landscape, nature and environmentally friendly leisure activities, visitor management in protected areas
for traffic (BMV) Promotion of water and air sports , leisure and recreational traffic
for education and science (BMBW) Leisure education and promotion of leisure science , university sports , further education
for spatial planning, construction, urban planning (BMbau) Spatial planning issues for leisure and tourism

The table shown here shows in excerpts the fragmentation and partial overlap in the content-related distribution of responsibilities and tasks in leisure policy at federal level, which can change again in each legislative period.

Leisure policy actors on a global level

The World Leisure Organization (WLO) operates at the global level. The World Recreation Organization is a global, non-governmental association of individuals and organizations. It is dedicated to the study and advancement of the conditions that enable leisure to act as a force for human growth, development and wellbeing. It offers forums such as congresses (the World Leisure Congress takes place every two years), newsletters and programs such as training courses and working groups (including on leisure law and policy ). She is committed to providing expert advice through position papers, international declarations and charters. She also works with other companies and organizations such as B. with the United Nations . The aim of the WLO is to develop an international leisure community.

Current topics

Inclusion and accessibility are fundamental and topical in leisure policy. The UN Disability Rights Convention has been legally anchored in Germany since 2009 .

The integration of people with a migrant background also plays an important role. This can be seen from the coalition agreement for the 18th legislative period , since strengthening the "welcome and recognition culture" is an important project.

Ensuring recreation as an ecosystem service in green infrastructure is also becoming increasingly important in terms of leisure policy .

The media usage behavior of Germans is also reflected in leisure policy. Since the development of the Internet, people have spent most of their free time using information and communication technologies.

Also, the demographic change , the leisure policy with new challenges.

Recreational Charter of the World Recreational Organization

The WLO published the Charter for Leisure in 1970 . It consists of eight articles that formulate framework conditions on the subject of leisure:

  1. All people have the right to leisure activities, which must be protected by the state.
  2. Provision for access to leisure and recreation should be ensured by the state.
  3. The individual is his / her best leisure and recreational resource and the state should encourage the acquisition of relevant skills.
  4. The use of leisure opportunities should be self-fulfilling for the individual and ensure a high quality of life.
  5. The state should also make leisure time experiences possible in the future by ensuring the quality of the social environment and the environment.
  6. The state should guarantee the training of skilled workers.
  7. Residents should have access to all forms of leisure information.
  8. Integrating the nature and importance of leisure time into personal lifestyle should become part of formal education.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ S. Agricola: Leisure ABC. [4000] Leisure terms from colloquial language, leisure occupation, science and their explanation. German Society for Leisure Time , Erkrath, ISBN 3-928065-18-1 , p. 58f.
  2. ^ German Society for Leisure Time: Political guidelines for municipal leisure time development. Leisure development trends - local political action requirements. Design Werkstatt Süd, Dortmund 1993, ISBN 3-928065-10-6 , p. 5.
  3. ^ Hansruedi Müller : Leisure and Tourism. An introduction to theory and politics. 10th edition. Jost Druck, Hünibach 2005, ISBN 3-9521214-8-7 , pp. 190 f.
  4. ^ General Assembly of the United Nations : General Assembly resolution 217 A (III). Universal Declaration of Human Rights . December 10, 1948. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  5. ^ Hansruedi Müller: Leisure and Tourism. An introduction to theory and politics. Edition 10, Hünibach: Jost Druck AG, 2005, p. 190 f. ISBN 3-9521214-8-7
  6. ^ Peter Zellmann : Leisure. A European network between politics, science and education. In: Spektrum Freizeit. Volume 18, Issue 2-3 / 1996, pp. 108-137.
  7. ^ H. Kohl: Leisure Policy. European Publishing House, 1976, ISBN 3-434-00273-1 , p. 127.
  8. ^ H. Kohl: Leisure Policy. European Publishing House, 1976, ISBN 3-434-00273-1 , pp. 120-126.
  9. ^ Kramer: Leisure - Politics - Perspectives. 1990, p. 123f; quoted from Müller: Freizeit und Tourismus. An introduction to theory and politics. 2002, p. 181ff.
  10. ^ Jörn W. Mundt: Tourism. 4th edition. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-486-70451-8 , p. 481.
  11. ↑ Institute for Urban and Regional Planning: Freizeit und Kommune. Terms, definitions, explanations. Univ.-Verlag der TU, Univ.-Bibliothek, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-7983-2008-6 , pp. 135f.
  12. ↑ Institute for Urban and Regional Planning: Freizeit und Kommune. Terms, definitions, explanations. Univ.-Verlag der TU, Univ.-Bibliothek, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-7983-2008-6 , pp. 135f.
  13. ↑ Hildegard Kühne-Scholand: Leisure time between politics and science. Adolf-Grimme-Inst., Marl 1985, p. 32.
  14. ^ Werner Nohl, Ursula Richter: Environmentally compatible leisure time, leisure time compatible environment. Approaches for an environmentally-oriented leisure policy in the context of urban development policy. ILS, Dortmund 1988, ISBN 3-8176-6016-2 , p. 12f.
  15. ↑ Institute for Urban and Regional Planning: Freizeit und Kommune. Terms, definitions, explanations. Univ.-Verlag der TU, Univ.-Bibliothek, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-7983-2008-6 , pp. 135f.
  16. ^ World Leisure Organization: Who are we? - About us. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  17. ↑ Federal Agency for Civic Education: Inclusion of People with Disabilities in Sport - Sport and Participation. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  18. ↑ Federal Ministry of the Interior: Integration. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  19. ↑ Florian Carius: Recreation as a cultural ecosystem service. Application and perspectives of a new conceptual approach. In: Renate Freericks u. a. (Ed.): Quality of life through sustainability? Analysis perspectives projects. Institute for Leisure Science and Cultural Work eV, Bremen 2013, ISBN 978-3-926499-62-2 , pp. 37–54.
  20. ↑ Federal Agency for Civic Education: Leisure and Media Use - Leisure and Social Participation . Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  21. ↑ Federal Agency for Civic Education: Demographic Change in Germany - Domestic Policy. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  22. ^ World Leisure Organization: Charter for Leisure. Retrieved January 17, 2015.

See also

literature

Textbooks

  • Ian P. Henry: The politics of leisure policy. 2nd Edition. Palgrave, Basingstoke 2001, ISBN 0-333-94854-8 .
  • Hansruedi Müller : Leisure and Tourism. An introduction to theory and politics. 10th edition. Hünibach 2005, ISBN 3-9521214-8-7 .
  • Anthony Veal: Leisure, sport and tourism, politics, policy and planning. 3. Edition. 2010.

Scientific journal

  • Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events. [1]

Web links