Freyhold

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Heraldic shield of those of Freyhold

Freyhold is the name of an originally Russian post-aristocratic family, which mainly settled in Prussia . It goes back to the three brothers Gustav Adolf von Freyhold (* before 1720, † after 1788), Hans Heinrich von Freyhold, also called Johann Friedrich (* April 15, 1722 in Moscow ; † 1788 in Morungen , East Prussia ), and Jakob August von Freyhold (* 1728; † 1786). Hans Heinrich is the progenitor of the Prussian lines of von Freyhold, which are still flourishing today. One branch of the family bears the name of Freyhold-Hünecken .

Origin of name

The name "Freyhold" is derived from the medieval feudal law of the German Empire , in which a Freiholder was a free vassal . So this is a class name . In Austria in particular, there were farms that were called Freyholdschaft .

history

The ancestor of all Prussian lines was a legitimate son of the bourgeois German pastor Eckart Philip Freyhold (born April 20, 1685 in Wörmlitz ; † 1738 in Moscow) and Charlotte Aurora Sauerbrey of Sauerburg which paternal from hamburgischem Reichsadel came and maternal the Lower Saxon families Vischer Jerstedt, von Uslar and von Mechtshusen were among their ancestors. As an envoy of the Hamburg Protestant Church, Eckart Philip Freyhold held the office of pastor primarius of the German St. Michaelis parish in Moscow from 1718 . The sons of Gustav Adolf, Hans Heinrich and Jacob August of this large family later served in his new home in officer raceways of the Imperial Russian Army and were therefor according to rank table of the Russian Empire in the Erbadelsstand collected, including Hans Heinrich. The nobility of the von Freyhold was not objected to later in Prussia.

After moving to the Electorate of Saxony , Hans Heinrich von Freyhold first joined the von Minckwitz regiment . Around 1750 he married Marie Therese born in Luckau / Lausitz . used by Schack . von Gersdorf (* 1730; † February 4, 1817 in Prussian Holland ). After the siege of Pirna in 1756 , some officers of the von Minckwitz regiment transferred to Prussian services, including Hans Heinrich, which made the Danzig area as well as East Prussia and Pomerania the main home of the von Freyhold for over 120 years.

August Maximilian von Freyhold (1761–1823), captain a. D. of the Prussian Army, porcelain painting around 1805

The five main Prussian lines of von Freyhold were founded here by the sons of Hans Heinrich, which are named after the maiden names of their wives according to the family convention. The von Kesteloot line , which emerged from the Königsberg land nobility, and the Danzig Dombrowski line still exist today . The von Freyhold-Ustarbowski line , probably descendants of the branch to Gut Spittels b. Prussian Holland, the von Ustarbowski line and the von Zamory line later became extinct again in the male line, as did the von Vietinghoff line . In particular, branches of the von Kesteloot line of von Freyhold acquired several goods in the 19th century, mainly in East Prussia , while the other lines placed the majority of soldiers under von Freyhold's in the Prussian army, including Lieutenant General Alexander von Freyhold (1813–1871), commander von Stettin , and his son, Major General Albert von Freyhold (1855–1913), both from the Dombrowski line, and General of the Infantry Louis August von Freyhold (1844–1923) from the von Vietinghoff line.

Map of the USA from 1858, co-authored by Edward Freyhold .

In the middle of the 19th century, Eduard Otto Gotthilf Julius von Freyhold (born June 12, 1824 in Prussian Holland, † November 20, 1892 in Washington, DC ) emigrated to the United States , where he called himself Edward Freyhold . He was part of the circle of the March revolutionary Alexander Schimmelfennig von der Oye . Eduard Otto also married Agnes von Glümer , a sister of Alexander's wife of the same sex. After his arrival in the USA around 1853-1854, Eduard Otto worked for many years as a cartographer in the United States War Department , among others , where he participated in extensive mapping of the USA. Some of his works are still held by the Library of Congress today because of their historical significance . During the American Civil War from 1861, Eduard Otto also served under Alexander as Lieutenant Colonel and staff officer in the 74th Volunteer Regiment in Pennsylvania.

The Kreuzkapelle in Kempenich, built around 1879 by Ferdinand von Freyhold

The pastor Ferdinand von Freyhold (1839-1919) had the Kreuzkapelle of the Kempenich community in today's Ahrweiler district in Rhineland-Palatinate built in 1879 , which is now a protected cultural monument .

The von Freyholdsche Family Foundation has existed since 1911. Family days are held regularly at different locations.

The branch of Freyhold-Hünecken , which emerged from the Dombrowski line, received approval to use the name on September 8, 1920 from the Prussian Ministry of Justice. With a decision of February 23, 1926, there was also a non-objection by the German Nobility Association .

Estates

The von Freyhold owned various goods in the East Prussian and Pomeranian area in the 19th century, namely Klein Rauschten (Kr. Ortelsburg / Ostpr.), Adlig-Allmoyen (Kr. Sensburg / Ostpr.), Klein Gehland (Kr. Rößel / Ostpr.) , Klein Grünthal (Kr. Johannisburg / Ostpr.) (All in the hands of the von Kesteloot-Linie), as well as the Gut Bonswitz (Kr. Lauenburg / Pom.) Of the von Zamory-Linie.

In the 20th century and until the expropriation after the Second World War , the Freyhold-Hünecken branch owned the East German estate Dedeleben in what is now the Harz district .

coat of arms

The main coat of arms of the Prussian von Freyhold, which is used today, is, according to the blazon in the aristocratic pocket book of 1942, in silver, a red oblique bar with three gold stars. On the red and silver puffed helmet with the same blankets, a silver armored arm leaning with the elbow on the bead, wielding a sword, between open black eagle's wings . There are older blazons, which differ from this in details.

The line of the von Freyhold-Ustarbowski also led a combination coat of arms, which differed from the coat of arms of the other lines mainly by three white-red-white or red-white-red ostrich feathers as a helmet ornament instead of sword arm and eagle flight, as well as by the presence of a helmet crown .

From the municipal archives of the city of Dorpat there is also a completely different coat of arms from the year 1754, that of Freyhold, with a dove with an olive branch sitting on a hill in the shield, as well as a helmet ornament of a person holding another dove with an olive branch in their right hand holds. A final assignment is still pending; Eckart Philipp Freyhold is named in the source as the owner of the coat of arms. In any case, this coat of arms should only have been used by the (von) Freyhold who remained in the Russian Empire; it does not occur in the Prussian part of the family.

Coat of arms variants

  • Coat of arms of the von Freyhold in Siebmacher , here with an oblique bar on the left

  • Coat of arms of the von Freyhold in a window of the Kreuzkapelle Kempenich, here without a crest and with a gold and silver helmet cover

  • Coat of arms of the von Freyhold-Ustarbowski

  • Coat of arms of the (von) Freyhold who remained in Russia according to the entry in the Dorpat municipal archive from 1754

Known family members

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Adeligen Häuser (Adeliges Taschenbuch) Part B, Justus Perthes Verlag, Gotha 1942, pp. 145–150
  2. ↑ a b c Family tree of the von Freyhold at myheritage.de , accessed on March 19, 2019
  3. ↑ Hellbachs, JC: Dictionary des Lehnrechts , Kummer Verlag, Leipzig 1803, p. 98
  4. ↑ Styrian history sheets vol. 3, Graz 1882
  5. ^ Kneschke, Ernst H .: New general German Adels Lexicon , Volume 8, Leipzig 1868, p. 56
  6. ↑ Bohlen, Julius von: History of the noble, baronial and counts of the von Krassow family. First part. , Berlin 1852, p. 88
  7. ↑ Jensen, W .: The Hamburg Church and its clergy since the Reformation , Hamburg 1958, p. 175
  8. ↑ Busch, FH (Ed.): Supplements to the materials on statistics and history of the church and school system of the Evangelical Lutheran. Parishes in Russia , St. Petersburg, Leipzig, 1867
  9. ^ Grech, NI: Notes on my life , Leningrad, Moscow, 1930
  10. ↑ Family history sheets , vol. 1913, p. 43
  11. ↑ von Mülverstedt, GA: Extinct Prussian Adel. Provinces of East and West Prussia. Supplement, (J. Siebmachers's large Wappenbuch, Volume 7, Section 3) , Nuremberg 1900, p. 33
  12. ↑ Frhr. von Ledebur, Leopold: Adelslexicon of the Prussian monarchy. Third volume, TZ. , Berlin 1854, p. 8
  13. ↑ Hildebrandt, Adolf Matthias: Extinct Prussian Adel. Province of Pomerania (J. Siebmachers's large Wappenbuch, Volume 6, Section 9) , Nuremberg 1894, p. 26
  14. ↑ Deutsche Generale until 1920 , retrieved on March 19, 2019
  15. ^ Wedding announcement of Edward Freyhold and Agnes von Glümer in the Evening Star, Washington, DC, March 17, 1855 , accessed December 26, 2019
  16. ^ Cartographic works by Edward Freyhold in the Library of Congress , accessed March 19, 2019
  17. ^ Cox, C .: History of Pennsylvania Civil War Regiments , Raleigh, NC, 2013, pp. 202-203
  18. ↑ a b Genealogical manual of the nobility. Volume 3: Dor – F. (Volume 61 of the complete series) , CA Starke, Limburg 1975, pp. 374-375
  19. ↑ a b Hildebrandt, Adolf Matthias: Extinct Prussian Adel. Province of Pomerania (J. Siebmachers's large Wappenbuch, Volume 6, Section 9) , Nuremberg 1894, p. 103
  20. ^ Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Nobeligen houses. Old nobility and post office nobility. Justus Perthes Verlag, Gotha 1928, p. 158
  21. ^ Siebmacher, J .: The Prussian nobility. Nobles (supplements and improvements), part 3: Vol. IV, 4th abb. , Neustadt / Aisch 1973, p. 73 u. Plate 62