City garden of Aachen
The city garden of Aachen with the central and 193 m above sea level. NHN high Wingertsberg is a landscaped urban park in Aachen . It is made up of the hospital garden laid out in 1852, which was redesigned as a spa park from 1916 , as well as the Farwick Park , which is adjacent to the north and acquired since 1925, and the former Protestant cemetery Güldenplan, which was incorporated after 1945 . The city garden has a total area of around 2.3 hectares and is located in the area between Monheimsallee, Jülicher Straße, Robensstraße, Passstraße and Rolandstraße.
The entire Aachen city garden has been under monument protection as a garden monument since 1995 because of its cultural and garden historical importance .
Kurpark and Stadtgarten
After the Maria-Hilf-Hospital in Aachen, designed by city architect Friedrich Joseph Ark , with 260 beds as a denominational general hospital on Monheimsallee was built in the early 1850s as a successor to the Elisabeth and Marian hospitals in the city center, it became the associated hospital in 1852 spacious hospital garden designed by the landscape architect Peter Joseph Lenné and laid out by the city gardener Carl Jancke. In order to cover the running costs for the maintenance of the park, it was opened to the public for a fee from 1870 and thus became an urban garden. In 1885 the facility was first expanded by 0.5 ha for the construction of a botanical garden and 0.2 ha for a dendrological garden. In addition, the city nursery set up a palm house , twelve greenhouses and an orangery on the site . In 1896, the Aachen sculptor Karl Krauß designed the Lenné memorial in memory of Peter Joseph Lenné, which was erected opposite the hospital entrance on the newly designed Monheimsallee. Finally, in 1900, the new Aachen Meteorological Observatory was given a suitable location on the Wingertsberg .
As part of the planning and implementation of a new Aachen spa district at the beginning of the 20th century, the Maria-Hilf-Hospital was gradually relocated to the newly built urban facilities on Goethestrasse from 1904 and then the old building was demolished. Then between 1914 and 1916 the spa hotel Quellenhof , the spa center, a foyer and the new spa house were built on the site of the former hospital . At the same time, the hitherto existing public hospital park was redesigned by gardening director Weßberge into a 1.5-hectare spa park and city garden, the northern border of which ran in an imaginary line from Pippinstrasse to Thomashofstrasse.
As part of this redesign, among others, a music pavilion for was in the spa park Kurkonzerte installed and the valuable from Blaustein made Guaita'sche garden stairs behind the new Kurhaus translocated which formed the center of a designed by Weßberge special garden. This was previously in the Villa of Guaita family in Aachen Rosstraße 46-48 and the builder is Jakob Couven for the year 1780 attributed . This garden staircase is listed as an individual monument in the list of monuments.
With this new overall complex, the bathing operations were shifted from the Elisenbrunnen and the Burtscheider Kurpark to Monheimsallee, built in 1870, whose greening plan was also designed by Peter Joseph Lenné, but only implemented 20 years later.
In the following years, the city park was fundamentally redesigned in accordance with the increased needs. For 100,000 Reichsmarks he received, among other things, a ring promenade, a roller skating rink and a tennis facility, which from 1932 onwards was transferred to the Kurhaus Bad Aachen tennis club in 1932/1890 eV on a long lease. In addition, in 1925 the city acquired an area adjacent to the north to replace the areas that had been lost through the construction of the Quellenhof, which later became part of the city garden and was later named Farwick Park. In the same period, the new rose garden was set up in the east of the park with a wall fountain on its west side and the congress monument from 1844 on its east side. This monument stood on Adalbertsteinweg until 1914 and has since been temporarily stored in a building yard and has meanwhile been included in the list of historical monuments.
During the Second World War , the Aachen City Garden was an important strategic theater of war. Colonel Gerhard Wilck had set up his central command post in the New Kurhaus and carried out his counter-attacks from the Wingertsberg as part of the Battle of Aachen . After several days of positional warfare, Wilck had to vacate his positions between Jülicher and Krefelder Strasse, the Kurgarten and the Quellenhof on October 18, and surrender three days later.
After the war, the Aachen City Garden was gradually restored to its original condition and most of the damage was repaired. Only in place of the destroyed foyer between the Kurhaus and Quellenhof was the Eurogress Aachen built from 1975 to 1977 and the Lenné Pavilion and a spacious underground car park built on the east side of the Kurhaus . The park itself received several modern children's playgrounds as well as a mini golf course , which is operated in the summer months by the "WABe eV Diakonisches Netzwerk Aachen". In addition, two water basins with nine small fountains each were installed on the forecourt of the Kurhaus at the end of the 20th century.
Finally, in 2001, the Neue Aachener Kunstverein (NAK), founded in 1986, took over an old staff house in the area of the former greenhouses for its ongoing courses and exhibitions. In the same year, the Carolus thermal baths were opened on the eastern edge of the city garden , which thematically match the spa facilities and the spa park, and a few years later the senior citizen's park Carpe Diem. In addition, since 2007 the Aachen city garden has been a worthy and atmospheric backdrop for the open-air music event "Kurpark classics" , initiated by Marcus Bosch and taking place annually since then . Recent attempts to build a building for a museum or a "House of Music" on the green area above the underground car park to the side in front of the Kurhaus and on the edge of the Kurpark have so far failed due to the requirements of the authorities and the financing.
The most striking individual trees in the Aachen city garden, which have outlasted the times and which are partially listed as a natural monument , include three chestnuts (1800) west of the tennis court, a field maple (1853), a ginkgo (1880) and the giant sequoia (1880) in the former Botanical garden, the Norway maple (1915) on the Wingertsberg, the hanging birch (1927) in Farwick Park, the coastal sequoia (1950) and a tulip magnolia (1955). The double-sided avenue of lime trees in front of the New Kurhaus is flanked by summer linden and Dutch linden with a water basin in between and a central fountain. The avenue entrance is formed by two hanging silver linden trees from 1853.
Numerous smaller and larger water basins and fish ponds, some of which are equipped with fountains and, with the exception of the large spa park fountain , are mostly in quiet, contemplative park sections, refer to the city of water and the Aachen spa system and serve as places of relaxation.
Lindenallee in front of the New Kurhaus
Monument in memory of Peter Joseph Lenné
Tennis facility of the TK Kurhaus
New Aachen art association with rose garden and wall fountain
Music shell
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Wingertsberg
The Wingertsberg is 193 meters high, after the Lousberg with 264 meters and the Salvatorberg with 229 meters, the lowest of the three "local mountains" of Aachen. Geologically , it is a witness mountain and one of the southernmost branches of the Aachen- Limburg chalk board . As the highest point in the city garden and about 30 meters above the average city level, it offered a far-reaching view over the city and the Aachen foreland in earlier years, when it was not yet so densely overgrown. This view is now only possible through individual lines of sight between the rows of trees.
Due to its exposed location, the Wingertsberg was predestined for the construction of the Aachen weather station. This was inaugurated on September 22, 1900 and received a necessary extension in 1928/1929. The first and longstanding director was the meteorologist and seismologist Peter Polis .
During the Battle of Aachen in October 1944, the observatory was completely destroyed and could be rebuilt in 1949/1950 with the help of the city of Aachen. Under the new director Hans Israel (1902–1970) it was founded in 1953 with the “Air Electrical Research Center Buchau a. F. "merged. Due to restructuring in the DWD, the observatory was relocated to Hamburg in 1977 and the Aachen building has served exclusively as a weather station and radioactivity measuring station since then . Since the conditions on the Wingertsberg increasingly no longer met modern standards, mainly due to the high tree cover, the weather station was relocated to the fields near Orsbach in 2011 .
Since 1979 there has been a small, square, fenced-in cultivation area on the Wingertsberg in front of the observatory with a side length of about 10 meters for 99 vines, which were donated to the Aachen Carnival Society by the Trier Carnival Society Heuschreck . By the knight of the Order Against the Animal Seriousness from 1974, and former Federal President Walter Scheel , the resulting wine was christened as "Öcher Heuschreck Durchbruch". In good years, up to 27 kilograms of grapes can be harvested, making around 50–70 bottles of 0.375 liters of white wine.
Farwick Park
The compensation areas acquired in 1925 extended the city garden on its north side to the triangle between Rolandstrasse and Passstrasse. They were also laid out as a landscape park by the senior building officer Otto Ophey and the horticultural director Friedrich Last with funds and support from the “productive unemployment welfare”. This part was later named after the Mayor of Aachen, Wilhelm Farwick, who was in office from 1916 to 1928 .
The Farwickpark is characterized by its slope to the north from the Wingertsberg, which also looks larger due to its large open meadow design and its extensive network of paths. Old and mighty trees line the paths or form small tree islands. The meadows serve as rest areas and play areas and have recently been used by fans of hot air balloon rides as a starting point. In the northernmost corner there is also a rectangular pond with a small water fountain and a modern kindergarten based on Montessori education. A football field and a roller skating field are also integrated in the park .
Güldenplan cemetery
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As early as 1605, a small cemetery for Protestants was laid out on today's Monheimsallee, making it the oldest Protestant cemetery in Aachen. The official field name was Am Güldenplan , but in the older generation it is also known as Möschebendchen , a synonym for cemeteries in the Aachen dialect .
As of 1889, the cemetery was no longer occupied and the Protestant citizens were from then on the newly constructed West Cemetery I buried. A small park developed from the place of mourning on Monheimsallee, the high wall of which protects the quiet oasis from the roaring traffic. Only a handful of weathered and barely legible gravestones are now scattered across the area. Here you can still find the names of people who played an important role in the history of Aachen, including Leopold Scheibler , Heinrich Croon (1790–1861), Charles James Cockerill (1817–1874), Julie Lochner (1810–1862). Furthermore, memorial stones for the dead of the Aachener Liedertafel, the victims of the Second World War and, for example, for Lieutnant General Alexander Macdonald (1750-1818) line the cemetery area. After 1945 the disused Güldenplan cemetery was integrated into the city garden as a direct neighbor and placed under monument protection.
Anne Frank Monument
A memorial plaque on Monheimsallee on the edge of the spa gardens commemorates Anne Frank , who from July 1933 to January 1934, before fleeing to the Netherlands, stayed with her grandmother Rosa Holländer- in Moritz Honigmann's villa at Monheimsallee 42-44, which was destroyed in the Second World War. Stern (1866–1942) stayed. As the widow of the entrepreneur Abraham Holländer (1860–1927), she had rented an apartment there in 1932 and in 1939 also emigrated to the Netherlands to live with her family.
literature
- Landeskonservator Rheinland (Hrsg.): List of monuments. 1.2: Aachen, other parts of the city. with the participation of Hans Königs , edited by Volker Osteneck. Rheinland Verlag, Cologne 1978, ISBN 3-7927-0450-1 , pp. 24, 34.
- Albert Huyskens : Aachen . German Architecture and Industry Publishing House (DARI), Berlin-Halensee 1925.
- Wilhelm Weßberge (City Garden Director): The most important tree species in our city gardens. La Ruelle , Aachen 1908.
- Remarkable trees in the city of Aachen. Contemporary witnesses of the city's history. Published by City of Aachen, The Lord Mayor, Aachen City Administration and Environment Department. Aachen Foundation Kathy Beys. Klenkes, Aachen 2002.
- Juliano de Assis Mendonça: History of the stock corporation for spa and bathing operations in the city of Aachen 1914-1933 , Aachen studies on economic and social history, Volume 9, Aachen 2012, ISBN 978-3-8440-1520-1 , 81 pp.
Web links
- Stadtpark , portrait on the pages of the city of Aachen
- Stadtgarten Aachen Brief information on the pages of baukunst.nrw.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wessberge: Public areas and the Aachener Forest . Deutscher Architektur- und Industrie-Verlag (DARI), 1928, p. 76
- ↑ Ulrich Otte: Inauguration of the Aachen weather station as a climate reference station for the German Weather Service (DWD) on May 12, 2011 Speech on the occasion of the inauguration
- ↑ The AKV Weinberg ( Memento of the original dated December 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Information on the website of the AKV
- ↑ Holger A. Dux : Aachen - the way it was. Droste, 2011, ISBN 978-3-7700-1429-3 , p. 128.
- ↑ Brief information about the Güldenplan cemetery at friedhof-ansichten.de
Coordinates: 50 ° 46 '54.8 " N , 6 ° 5' 39.2" E