Fritz Heckert

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Friedrich (Fritz) Carl Heckert

Friedrich (Fritz) Carl Heckert (born March 28, 1884 in Chemnitz ; † April 7, 1936 in Moscow ) was a German politician, co-founder of the Spartakusbund and the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) and a leading functionary of the Communist International (Comintern). In 1923 Heckert was Minister of Economics of Saxony for a short time .

Life

Fritz Heckert was the son of a working class family ; his father was a cutler and his mother a glove weaver . Both belonged to the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). After school, Fritz Heckert learned the trade of bricklayer and attended the trade school.

In 1902, Heckert joined the German Construction Workers' Association and the SPD, where he joined the left wing. On the wandering he met in 1911 in Switzerland his future wife, Wilma Stammberg know (1885-1967). The Latvian was a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party and brought Heckert together with Lenin , who influenced him in the spirit of the Bolsheviks .

Returned to Chemnitz at the beginning of 1912, Heckert became a full-time union secretary. During the First World War he was one of the founders of the Spartacus group and the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany . In November 1918 he became chairman of the Chemnitz workers 'and soldiers' council . Heckert was one of the delegates at the founding party congress of the KPD. The name “Communist Party of Germany” came from his suggestion.

Under the direction of Heinrich Brandler and Heckert, the KPD organization in Chemnitz was one of the strongest in Germany. At the side of his friend Brandler, Heckert rose to the KPD's central committee (ZK) after the unification party congress with the USPD in December 1920 . With a brief interruption in 1924, he would belong to him until his death. At times Heckert was a representative of the KPD at the Red Trade Union International (RGI) in Moscow, then from 1922 the deputy of Jacob Walcher , head of the trade union department at the KPD headquarters in Berlin.

As a member of the Brandler leadership, Heckert became Minister of Economics in the Saxon government Zeigner for 19 days in October 1923 . During this time and during the subsequent illegality of the KPD in 1923/24, Heckert was actively involved in the party's preparations for civil war. This resulted in his imprisonment in October 1924, which ended in July 1925 a Reichstag resolution in recognition of Heckert's immunity .

In the Reichstag elections in May 1924 , Heckert won a mandate from the KPD, which he held until 1933. On the XI. Elected to the Politburo at the 1927 party congress , he headed the trade union department of the Central Committee until April 1928, after which the Comintern transferred him to the RGI in Moscow. From here he opposed the dismissal of Ernst Thalmann during the Wittorf affair with Walter Ulbricht and returned to the headquarters of the KPD in Germany. Since the VI. World Congress of the Comintern In 1928 he was a member of the Presidium of the Executive Committee of the Communist International (EKKI).

Grave slab on the Kremlin wall

The XII. The KPD party congress re-elected him to the Central Committee and the Politburo in 1929. In 1931, Heckert was seriously injured in clashes with the SA at a rally in Gelsenkirchen .

As a representative of the KPD, he returned to the EKKI in Moscow in 1932, where he worked until his death. When Hitler came to power , Heckert's stay in Moscow was not publicly known and he was searched for. Heckert's name was on the German Reich's first expatriation list published on August 25, 1933 .

Heckert died of a stroke in Moscow in 1936. His urn was buried in the local necropolis on the Kremlin wall .

Honors

Heck-ART gallery and restaurant

In the GDR numerous institutions, streets and schools bore the name of Fritz Heckert, such as the trade union college "Fritz Heckert" in Bernau , the 31st combat group hundred (mot.) WEMA Plauen , the 1961 Fritz Heckert holiday ship of the FDGB , also the Football club BSG Motor Fritz Heckert Karl-Marx-Stadt . On the occasion of the 15th anniversary of Fritz Heckert's death, on April 7, 1951, VEB Wanderer -fräsmaschinenbau Siegmar-Schönau was renamed VEB Fritz-Heckert-Werk . The largest Karl-Marx-Städter prefabricated housing estate was called the Fritz Heckert residential area . From 1955 to 1990 the FDGB awarded deserving employees the Fritz Heckert Medal . The FDGB vacation home Fritz Heckert in Gernrode , the first FDGB vacation home built in the GDR, also bore his name, as did the vacation and training home "Fritz Heckert" of the VEB Kombinat Tiefbau Berlin on the Wukensee in Biesenthal . There was also a Fritz-Heckert-Strasse in Berlin-Mitte from 1951 to 1991.

His birthplace is located since 1974 after a translocation to a few hundred meters at the mill in Chemnitz. It is part of the Chemnitz art scene under the name Heck-Art-Haus .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Michael Hepp (Ed.): The expatriation of German citizens 1933-45 according to the lists published in the Reichsanzeiger . tape 1 : Lists in chronological order. De Gruyter Saur, Munich 1985, ISBN 978-3-11-095062-5 , pp. 3 (reprinted 2010).
  2. ^ History of the Fritz Heckert factory in Chemnitz (or Karl Marx Stadt)
  3. ^ Fritz-Heckert-Strasse . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  4. ↑ Internet presence of the registered art association for Chemnitz
personal data
SURNAME Heckert, Fritz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Heckert, Friedrich Carl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (SPD, KPD), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH March 28, 1884
PLACE OF BIRTH Chemnitz
DATE OF DEATH April 7, 1936
Place of death Moscow