Frederick II (Denmark and Norway)
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Frederick II (born July 1, 1534 in Hadersleben , † April 4, 1588 in Antvorskov near Slagelse ) was King of Denmark and Norway from 1559 to 1588.
Life
He was the eldest son of Christian III. of Denmark and his wife Dorothea von Sachsen-Lauenburg .
Friedrich began his reign in 1559 with the submission of Dithmarschen in the Last Feud . Then he was crowned in Copenhagen and converted to the Evangelical Church. In 1564 he had to hand over the inheritance he was entitled to to his brother Johann the Younger . This led to a further division of the state into Schleswig and Holstein, with Johann in Schleswig receiving the area around Sønderborg and in Holstein the area around Plön . However, the estates refused to pay homage to Johann as another sovereign . The three-crown war against Sweden was settled by the Peace of Szczecin in 1570 . Here Sweden renounced its claims to Norway , Scania , Gotland and Halland and paid 200,000 thalers to Denmark. Both states recognized themselves as independent. In 1570 Friedrich received the entitlement to Oldenburg . Under his reign finances were improved, agriculture and trade promoted, the privileges of the German Hanseatic League gradually limited or abolished, several provisions regarding the Sundrecht passed and, as a result, the fortresses of Kronborg and Frederiksborg built. As early as 1560, Friedrich revolutionized shipping by establishing the modern lighthouse system . King Friedrich also promoted the sciences , especially astronomy.
Monuments
A bronze bust of Frederick II made by the mannerist Johan Gregor van der Schardt is at Rosenborg Castle . The humanist Heinrich Rantzau , with whom Friedrich II was friends, dedicated several buildings to him: the so-called Rantzau obelisk , the Segeberg pyramid and the temple of Nordoe, which was created in a friendly competition .
Marriage and offspring
He was married to Sophie von Mecklenburg , with whom he had the following children:
- Elisabeth (born August 25, 1573 - † July 19, 1626) - wife of Heinrich Julius von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
- Anna (born December 12, 1574; March 2, 1619) - wife of James I of England and Scotland
- Christian IV (April 12, 1577 - February 28, 1648), King of Denmark
- Ulrich (born December 30, 1578; † March 27, 1624), 1602–1624 Bishop of Schleswig , 1603–1624 administrator of the Schwerin Monastery
- Augusta (April 8, 1580 - February 5, 1639) - wife of Johann Adolf von Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorf
- Hedwig (born August 5, 1581 - † November 26, 1641) - wife of Christian II of Saxony
- Johann (July 9, 1583 - October 28, 1602)
ancestors
| King Christian I (1426–1481) | |||||||||||||
| King Friedrich I (1471–1533) | |||||||||||||
| Dorothea of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1430–1495) | |||||||||||||
| King Christian III (1503–1559) | |||||||||||||
| Johann Cicero Elector of Brandenburg (1455–1499) | |||||||||||||
| Anna of Brandenburg (1487–1514) | |||||||||||||
| Margaret of Saxony (1449–1501) | |||||||||||||
| Frederick II, King of Denmark and Norway | |||||||||||||
| Johann IV of Saxony-Lauenburg (1439–1507) | |||||||||||||
| Magnus I of Saxony-Lauenburg (1470–1543) | |||||||||||||
| Dorothea of Brandenburg (1446–1519) | |||||||||||||
| Dorothea of Saxony-Lauenburg (1511–1571) | |||||||||||||
| Heinrich I of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1463–1514) | |||||||||||||
| Katharina of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1488–1563) | |||||||||||||
| Catherine of Pomerania (d. 1526) | |||||||||||||
See also
literature
- Fridericus secundus Daniae Rex . In: Jakob Schrenck von Notzing : Augustissimorum imperatorum, serenissimorum regum atque archiducum, illustrissimorum principum, nec non comitum, baronum, nobilium, aliorumque clarissimorum virorum, qui aut ipsi cum imperio bellorum duces fuerunt… verissimae succinctae description, etes… . Johannes Agricola (Baur), Innsbruck 1601, sheet 10 ( digitized in the Internet Archive)
- Wilhelm Suhr: Friedrich II. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 5, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1961, ISBN 3-428-00186-9 , p. 580 f. ( Digitized version ).
Web links
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Christian III |
King of Denmark 1559–1588 |
Christian IV |
| Christian III |
King of Norway 1559–1588 |
Christian IV |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Friedrich II. |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | King of Denmark and Norway (1559–1588) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 1, 1534 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Hadersleben |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 4, 1588 |
| Place of death | Antvorskov |