Friedrich Jodl

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Bust of Friedrich Jodl in the arcade courtyard of the University of Vienna
Medallion in the Professor-Jodl-Hof, Vienna-Döbling

Friedrich Jodl (born August 23, 1849 in Munich , † January 26, 1914 in Vienna ) was a German philosopher and psychologist .

Life

Friedrich Jodl grew up in a Munich family association that, due to its proximity to the royal court, had provided numerous higher officials in Bavaria. The painter Heinrich Bürkel , a friend of the family, introduced him to the visual arts at an early age. Friedrich's musical inclinations, however, were more focused on music.

Jodl began studying history and art history in Munich in 1867, but above all philosophy. His academic teachers included the philosophers Carl von Prantl , Johann Huber and Moriz Carrière . He received his PhD in 1872 with a thesis on David Hume Dr. of philosophy. Then Jodl was a lecturer at the Bavarian War Academy in Munich. After completing his habilitation in philosophy, he accepted an appointment at the German University of Prague in 1885 . In 1896 he took over a chair for philosophy at the University of Vienna and also taught aesthetics at the Vienna University of Technology .

In addition to his academic work, Jodl worked as head of the Vienna People's Education Association and as a sought-after speaker for the popularization and dissemination of scientific knowledge. As a representative of an on Ludwig Feuerbach subsequent positivism he fought the then very influential in Austria Ultramontanism , stood up for the freedom of science and against the influence of denominations, in Austria in particular the Roman Catholic Church , in the public school system a. He was co-founder of the free religious "German Society for Ethical Culture" and promoted a. a. for a state compulsory school in which instead of religious instruction, non-denominational moral instruction is given.

Friedrich Jodl was married and had no children; he was an uncle of the high-ranking Nazi officer Alfred Jodl . During the “ Red Vienna ” era , in recognition of his services to popular education, the Jodlgasse in Hietzing in 1919 and the Professor-Jodl-Hof residential complex in Döbling were named after him in 1926 . In honor of Friedrich Jodl, a portrait bust by the hand of the Viennese sculptor Hans Mauer was placed in the courtyard of the University of Vienna .

The writer Stefan Zweig received his doctorate under Jodl in 1904 with a thesis on the philosophy of Hippolyte Taine . Other PhD students who became known later were Otto Weininger and Egon Friedell .

plant

Jodl saw himself as a philosopher following David Hume and the positivism of English ( John Stuart Mill ) and French ( Auguste Comte ) forms. He took a consistently empirical position and was close to the monist movement . He saw his main task in developing a purely naturalistic ethic , which is free of any religious or metaphysical elements, and disseminating it in larger circles of the public.

During Jodl's time in Prague he worked on two works that were considered standard works for decades and have been reprinted several times. In his two-volume history of ethics as a philosophical science , Jodl portrays the development in which, with the advancing cultural development, people break away from religious and metaphysical ideas and move from a theocentric to an anthropocentric justification of ethics. Jodl flanked this presentation with his two-volume textbook on psychology , which is based on a purely empirical basis .

As early as 1889, Jodl had noticed the “strength and persistence of the silence surrounding Feuerbach ”, and he interpreted this to mean that this thinker was considered very “dangerous”. After he found Feuerbach's ethics “as good as not dealt with at all”, he dedicated a detailed chapter to it in his history of ethics . Then took Wilhelm Bolin , has known of Feuerbach in person, contact with Jodl, and it began a decades-long cooperation, the most outstanding result was the publication of a 10-volume edition of the works of Feuerbach, the first volume in Feuerbach 1904 appeared.

Jodl wasn't a man of the ivory tower . During his time in Vienna he was the most prominent liberal professor who spoke out against the prevailing ultramontanism and clerical influence in schools and universities in countless lectures and newspaper articles . Jodl also worked through teaching activities at the Vienna People's Education Association and nationally within the framework of the “Society for Ethical Culture”, a section of the movement for secular humanism founded by Felix Adler in the USA that is active in German-speaking countries . Jodl's activities contributed significantly to the intellectual climate in Vienna in the early 20th century, from which neopositivism , the Vienna Circle and related thinkers emerged (especially Otto Neurath ).

proof

  1. ↑ Hans Vollmer (ed.): General Lexicon of Fine Artists of the XX. Century . Leipzig 1930, Volume 24, p. 274.
  2. ↑ Friedrich Jodl: History of Ethics ... , pp. 269–290, notes pp. 552–558 (quotations from pp. 552, 554)
  3. ↑ The approximately one hundred articles in the two volumes Vom Lebenswege give an impression of this activity .

Fonts (selection)

as an author
  • Life and Philosophy of David Hume. Price publication Halle: Pfeffer 1872
  • Cultural historiography, its development and its problem. Hall: Pfeffer 1878
  • History of ethics as a philosophical science. 2 volumes. Stuttgart: Cotta 1882–1889 ( 2 1906–1912, 3 1920–1923) (reprint 1965ff)
  • Economics and Ethics. Berlin 1886
  • Morality, Religion and School 1892
  • Nature and goals of the ethical movement in Germany . 1893
  • What does ethical culture mean? 1894
  • About the nature and task of the ethical society. 1895
  • Psychology textbook. 2 volumes. Stuttgart: Cotta 1897 ( 2 1903, 3 1908, 4 1916) (reprint 1983)
  • Goethe and Kant. In: Philosophy and philosophical criticism, Vol. 120, 12-20, first published _engl, in Monist, Jan. 1901
  • What does Reform Catholicism mean in 1902
  • Ludwig Feuerbach. Stuttgart: Frommann 1904 ( 2 1921)
  • The Nietzsche problem. Separate print. Vienna: Carl Konegen 1905 online
  • Science and Religion 1909
  • From the workshop of philosophy. 1911
  • The monism. 1911
  • Of true and false idealism. Leipzig: Kröner 1914
as editor
  • Feuerbach, Ludwig: Complete Works, 13 volumes, volumes 1–10, ed. by Wilhelm Bolin and Friedrich Jodl, Stuttgart 1903–1910, 2nd edition (as a facsimile reprint) Stuttgart (1959–1960); Volume 11: Jugendschriften, ed. by Hans-Martin Sass. With timetable and bibliography, Stuttgart (1962); Volume 12/13: Selected letters from and to Ludwig Feuerbach, new ed. Based on the edition provided by Wilhelm Bolin. and expanded by Hans-Martin Saß, Stuttgart (1964)
posthumously
  • (Ed. by Wilhelm Börner) From the path of life. 2 volumes. Stuttgart / Berlin: Cotta 1916, 1917
  • (Ed. by Wilhelm Börner) Aesthetics of the fine arts. Stuttgart / Berlin: Cotta 1917
  • (Ed. by Wilhelm Börner) On more recent philosophy and science of the soul. 1917
  • (Ed. by Wilhelm Börner) General ethics. Stuttgart / Berlin: Cotta 1918
  • (Ed. by Carl Siegel and Walther Schmied-Kowarzik) Critique of Idealism. Leipzig: Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft 1920 (Jodl's “philosophical testament”); Reprint 2007: Saarbrücken: VDM-Verlag Dr. Müller ISBN 978-3-8364-0822-6
  • (Ed. by Margarete Jodl) Bartholomäus von Carneri 's correspondence with Ernst Haeckel and Friedrich Jodl. Leipzig 1922
  • (Ed. v. Karl Roretz) History of modern philosophy. Vienna / Leipzig / Munich 1924

literature

  • Roland Böhm:  Friedrich Jodl. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 3, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, ISBN 3-88309-035-2 , Sp. 129-130.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Hans Brockard:  Jodl, Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 450 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Helmut Fink (Ed.): Friedrich Jodl and the legacy of the Enlightenment . Enlightenment and criticism. Journal for free thinking and humanistic philosophy, issue 3/2014 (focus issue). Review by Edith Lanser in H-Soz-Kult ( online )
  • Georg Gimpl: Networks: Friedrich Jodl and his struggle for enlightenment. Oulu (SF): Historical Institute 1990, ISBN 951-42-3006-X
  • Georg Gimpl (Ed.): Said between us. Friedrich Jodl's letters to Wilhelm Bolin. Vienna: Löcker 1991, ISBN 3-85409-190-7 ( ISBN 951-42-3005-1 )
  • Georg Gimpl (Ed.): Ego and Alter Ego. Wilhelm Bolin and Friedrich Jodl in the fight for the enlightenment. Festschrift for Juha Manninen. Frankfurt / M. u. a .: Peter Lang 1996, ISBN 3-631-49124-7
  • Margarete Jodl: Friedrich Jodl. His life and work . Stuttgart / Berlin: Cotta 1920
  • Edith Lanser: Friedrich Jodl - From Feuerbach to the society for ethical culture. In: Newsletter Moderne. Journal of the special research area Modernism - Vienna and Central Europe around 1900, Univ. Graz, 6th year, issue 2, Sept. 2003 ( online )
  • Peter Stachel: "In an eminent sense, cultural tasks". The correspondence between Friedrich Jodl and Alexius Meinong. In: Newsletter Moderne. Journal of the special research area Modernism - Vienna and Central Europe around 1900, Univ. Graz, 6th year, issue 2, Sept. 2003 ( online )
  • Edith Lanser: From cultural historiography to historical sociology. Reflections on the work of Friedrich Jodl. In: Archiv für Kulturgeschichte, 100th vol., Issue 1, 2018, pp. 159–190.
  • Edith Lanser: The "Ethical Society" as a network of scholars in the period before the First World War. In: Karl Acham (ed., With the collaboration of Georg Witrisal): Sociology and its neighboring disciplines in the Habsburg Empire. A compendium of international research on cultural studies in Central Europe. Vienna Cologne Weimar: Böhlau Verlag 2020, pp. 514–519.
  • Edith Lanser: Friedrich Jodl on the method of cultural historiography. In: Karl Acham (ed., With the collaboration of Georg Witrisal): Sociology and its neighboring disciplines in the Habsburg Empire. A compendium of international research on cultural studies in Central Europe. Vienna Cologne Weimar: Böhlau Verlag 2020, pp. 679–684.
  • Edith Lanser: Friedrich Jodl on the aesthetics of the fine arts. In: Karl Acham (ed., With the collaboration of Georg Witrisal): Sociology and its neighboring disciplines in the Habsburg Empire. A compendium of international research on cultural studies in Central Europe. Vienna Cologne Weimar: Böhlau Verlag 2020, pp. 927–930.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Jodl, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German philosopher and psychologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 23, 1849
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH January 26, 1914
Place of death Vienna