Gastrin releasing peptides
| Gastrin releasing peptides | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 27 aa; 2.86 kDa | |
| Precursor | (95 aa, 3 forms) | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene names | GRP ; BN; GRP-10; preproGRP; proGRP | |
| External IDs | ||
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Terrestrial vertebrates | |
| Orthologue | ||
| human | mouse | |
| Entrez | 2922 | 225642 |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000134443 | ENSMUSG00000024517 |
| UniProt | P07492 | Q8R1I2 |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_001012512 | NM_175012 |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_001012530 | NP_778177 |
| Gene locus | Chr 18: 55.04 - 55.05 Mb | Chr 18: 66 - 66.01 Mb |
| PubMed search | 2922 |
225642
|
The gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) or polypeptide 148 is one of several factors that promote gastrin release. This leads to a significant increase in hydrochloric acid production in the stomach . It is a polypeptide with 27 amino acids that belongs to the bombesin-like peptides family with bombesin , litorin and neuromedin B , all of which act as specific agonists .
Primary structure
Primary structure : H 2 N- Val - Pro - Leu –Pro– Ala - Gly –Gly – Gly– Thr - - Val –Leu – Thr– Lys - Met - Tyr –Pro– Arg –Gly– - Asn –His– Trp - Ala - Val - Gly - His - Leu - Met-CONH 2 .
9 of the last 10 amino acids at the C-terminal end are identical to those of bombesin. Specific agonists of GRP are the polypeptides bombesin, neuromedin B and litorin. Furthermore, the shortened form of GRP (18-27) is biologically active.
Place of education
GRP is formed by neuroendocrine cells of the stomach (antrum) and duodenum as well as by piticytes of the central nervous system ; these cells have also been detected in the lungs of newborns and adults. Patients with chronic lung diseases have an increased number of GRP-forming cells in the respiratory tract , without their function being clarified so far.
effect
GRP increases gastrin secretion in the G cells of the stomach and thus the formation of gastric acid . Furthermore, the neuropeptide leads to an increase in pancreatic enzyme secretion. In the smooth muscles of the stomach and gall bladder, in particular, GRP causes contraction and thus rapid gastric emptying. In addition to other substances (bombesin, cholecystokinin ), GRP also promotes a feeling of satiety .
oncology
The small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC for Small Cell Lung Cancer ) as a neuroendocrine tumor produces next neurotensin (NT) and adrenomedullin (AM) and GRP as an autocrine growth factors . GRP is also increasingly detected in medullary thyroid carcinoma , carcinoid , and metastatic islet cell carcinoma . GRP is used as a prognosis for prostate cancer .
Individual evidence
- ↑ UniProt P07492
- ↑ a b J. Ischia, O. Patel, A. Shulkes, GS Baldwin: gastrin-releasing peptide: different forms, different functions. In: BioFactors. Volume 35, Number 1, 2009 Jan-Feb, pp. 69-75, doi : 10.1002 / biof.10 , PMID 19319848 .