Gavriil Haralampowitsch Oroschakoff

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Gavriil Haralampowitsch Oroschakoff ( Russian Гаврийл Харлампович Орёшаков, Gavriil Charlamowitsch Orjoschakow , Bulgarian Гаврил Ламбов Орошаков, Gavriil Lambow Oroschakow , born May 21, jul. / 2. June  1849 greg. In the province of Kherson in the Russian Empire ; † in early December 1907 in Sofia ) was a Russian - Bulgarian statesman , legal scholar and publicist .

Life

Origin and family

Gavriil Oroschakoff was on the estate Oroschanka (county Jelisawetgrad born in the province of Kherson). His father was the diplomat and landowner Haralampi Gavrilowitsch Oreschak, his mother Maria Borisovna Oreschak, b. Baroness Fitingow. The Haralamov-Oreschak family comes from Veliky Novgorod and belonged to the old Russian boyar nobility (Boyar Oreschko, 1552). To date there are three lines (Oroschakoff, Orechow, Gawrilow). It provided diplomats and dignitaries of the Russian Orthodox Church , e. B. the archimandrites Haralampi (Gawrenew) Erzabt of Eleazar convent in Pskow the time of Czar Ivan III. , and Iwan Haralamow Oreschak, member of the first Russian delegation to the court of the Elector of Brandenburg in 1700 .

The mother's family comes from the Baltic knighthood . The grandfather Boris Ivanovich Fitingov was a privy councilor and author of medical works in Saint Petersburg . The grandmother Praskowia Fyodorovna Firsowa was the daughter of the Vice- Governor of the Governors of Cherson and Bessarabia .

Since 1875 Oroschakoff was married to Militza A. Petkevich (also written Petkovich). A number of Russian diplomats come from the family; also Olga Nabokova, the sister of the writer Vladimir Nabokov , was married to a Petkevich. Oroschakoff was related by marriage to Dmitri Karamichailow, member of the Imperial Russian Danube Commission and First Princely Envoy in Constantinople. His nephew Haralampi (Charlampi) W. Yermakoff, during the October Revolution 1917 officer of the Russian 1st Guard Cavalry Division under Afrikan P. Bogajewski, was the model for the character Grigori Melechow, the hero in the novel The Silent Don by Mikhail Scholochow .

The marriage had five children. The eldest son, Georgij (born 1885), fell on the side of the White Army in the Russian Civil War . His brother Haralampi (1886–1979) finished his studies in Vienna and Berlin in 1917; he is the grandfather of the painter and writer Haralampi G. Oroschakoff . Her sister Olga (1887–1973) emigrated to Buenos Aires. The youngest sister Stella (born 1889) died impoverished in Paris in 1958. The youngest son Athanasius (born 1890) died in Romania.

Studies and Moscow years

Oroschakoff's parents' house was Christian and liberal, and emphasis was placed on a European upbringing . The first lessons were given by private tutors . From 1856, in the turbulent climate after the Russian defeat in the Crimean War , Oroschakoff attended the Lycée Richelieu in Odessa . In 1860 he moved to the Russian Imperial Moscow University , which he in 1877 with the promotion of Doctor of Laws graduated. To round off his studies, he traveled to London and Paris.

As a supporter of the Pan-Slavist Ivan S. Aksakow , after his return to Moscow he joined the Slavic Charity Society under the direction of the historian Konstantin Bestuschew-Ryumin , where he campaigned in the Balkans section for the liberation of Christians in the Ottoman Empire .

Lawyer and Minister in Bulgaria

After the Berlin Congress in 1878 and the establishment of the Principality of Bulgaria , Oroschakoff followed Prince Alexander I of Battenberg, who was elected in 1879, to Sofia, where he was prosecutor at the Court of Cassation . Together with Petko Karawelow , who later became Prime Minister several times and a member of the Regency Council after the abdication of Alexander I, he systematized the jurisprudence, wrote the school primer and presented the guidelines of the public prosecutor's office in his work “About the Lawyer”. Karavelov made him a member of the board of the Liberal Party, founded in 1879, in 1884 . Oroschakoff belonged to the Karavelov II cabinet as the keeper of the state seal and minister of justice from July 27, 1886 until the eve of the pro-Russian coup of August 21, 1886 . Immediately after the coup, during the dramatic struggle for Sofia, he was again Minister of Justice in the cabinet of Karavelov III from March 24th to 28th. August.

As a result of the coup there were counter-coups and civil war-like conflicts in the country. Oroschakoff and other members of the government who were believed to be loyal to the Tsar were released and imprisoned. In November 1886, the Russian Empire ended diplomatic relations with Bulgaria. Only after pressure from St. Petersburg and from the diplomatic corps were the detainees released with clear traces of abuse and placed under house arrest.

During the years 1886 to 1894, which were marked by oppression, unrest, coup attempts and assassinations, Oroschakoff played an active role under the pseudonym "Mister Gabriel". After the murder of the former Bulgarian Prime Minister (1887-1894) and ex-regent Stefan Stambolow in 1895, he defended the alleged murderer in a sensational trial, whom he was able to save from the death penalty. His enduring private and political ties to Petko Karawelow culminated in 1896 in the joint establishment of the Democratic Party , whose first chairman was Karavelov.

Oroschakoff was professor of commercial law at the University of Sofia , president of the Sofia Hunting Society and editor of the hunting journal "Lowets" (editor-in-chief was Dimitar Panayotov Grekov ). In January 1907, Oroschakoff resigned his professorship in the wake of a crisis at the university. At the beginning of December 1907 he was found dead in a side street of the main train station in Sofia. The exact circumstances of his death are still unclear.

The Bulgarian chronicler Simeon Radew counts Oroschakoff among the “builders of modern Bulgaria”.

Awards

Russian Imperial Order of the Holy and Orthodox Grand Duke Alexander Nevsky

Publications

  • (as translator): Jeremy Bentham , За съдебното устройство, 1886
  • Върху адвокатурата. Няколко бележки по повод на новия закон за адвокатите, вотиран от II редовна сесия на V-то обикн. нар. събрание ( About the lawyer. Some comments on the new Law on the Bar, by the second ordinary session of the fifth National Assembly was decided ), Spfia 1889
    • Facsimile edition: Закон за адвокатите от 22 ноември 1888 г., (The Lawyers Act of November 22, 1888), Herg. v. Iwa Burilowka and Walentin Benatow, 2nd edition 2013, ISBN 978-954-730-844-2
  • (as translator): Турский закон за земите ( Turkish Land Law ), Russian 1893
  • (as translator): Théophile Piat, Code de Commerce Ottoman Expliqué (French and Arabic), Berirut 1876: Турский търговски закон ( The Turkish Commercial Law ), 2 volumes, Russian 1894 and 1896

literature

  • The Battenberg affair. The Life and Adventures of Gavril Oroshakoff, or A Russian-European History , 2007, ISBN 978-3-8270-0705-6

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Haralampi G. Oroschakoff, “The Battenberg Affair”, Berlin Verlag 2007, p. 18
  2. ↑ RD Mandich / JA Platzek, “Russian Heraldry and Nobility”, Florida 1992
  3. ↑ Genway website (Russian) "Origin of the Oreschkow family", URL: http://www.genway.ru/lib/allfam/Орешков (accessed on November 7, 2018 )
  4. ↑ "P. Goldsmith's Dictionary of Personal Russian Names ”, Section O, in: Paul Wickenden of Thaned / Codex Herald, 2018
  5. ^ "Russian personalities AL", Vol. 1, Sbornik, Lexicon of the Imperial Russian Historical Society, Vaduz 1963
  6. ^ NS Anderson, "The Eastern Question 1744-1923," New York 1966
  7. ↑ Document: Bulgarian Patriarchate, Eparchy Plovdiv No. 3-BROI 267
  8. ↑ Petkovich / Ignatieff / Giers u. a., "Diplomatic Correspondence", Glawniy Archives, Moscow 1962-68, АВПР. Ф. ГА, У А2 б. 1040, p. 20ff.
  9. ↑ Akademia na naukite (ed.), Foreign Office, "Dokumenti i Materiali 1879-1886", АВПР, ГА-732, Sofia 1978, pp. 15-27
  10. ↑ B. Boyd, “Nabokov. The Russian Years 1899-1940 ", Princeton 1990, p. 611
  11. ↑ Wnschnatta, "Politika nad Bulgarija", Volume 1, 1879-1886, Sofia 1978, p 12ff., 72, 118ff.
  12. ^ Brian Murphy (Editor) / Michail Sholokhov, "Quiet flows the Don", New York 1996, xxix-xxxv (introduction page 6)
  13. ↑ Ludmilla Stepanowa, “Wklad Rossii”, Moscow 1979, p. 207
  14. ↑ Haralampi G. Oroschakoff, “The Battenberg Affair”, Berlin Verlag 2007, pp. 50ff., 454ff.
  15. ^ "Catalog des sources documentaires la Bulgarie et la Russie", Bibliotheque Saltykov-Chtchedrine, Leningrad 1977
  16. ↑ Haralampi G. Oroschakoff, “The Battenberg Affair”, Berlin Verlag 2007, p. 459
  17. ↑ "Drzaven Vestnik" (state newspaper), Broi 69, p. 1; Broi 70 (July 26, 1886), p. 14; Broi 78 (08/14/1886), p. 1
  18. ↑ "Blgarskite Drzhavni Institutsii 1879-1986" Entsiklopeditschen Spravotschnik, Sofia 1987, p 311f.
  19. ↑ Simeon Radeff, “Master Builders of Modern Bulgaria”, Vol. 2, Sofia 1994, pp. 110ff., 147
  20. ↑ Haralampi G. Oroschakoff, “The Battenberg Affair”, Berlin Verlag 2007, p. 593ff.
  21. ↑ Haralampi G. Oroschakoff, “The Battenberg Affair”, Berlin Verlag 2007, p. 598ff.
  22. ↑ R. v. Mach, "From the eventful Balkan period 1879-1918", Berlin 1928, p. 120ff.
  23. ↑ T. Zukeff (Ed.), “The Trial of the Conspiracy and Murder of the Prince and Prime Minister Stambulov”, Sofia 1892, pp. 180, 209, 213ff.
  24. ↑ M. Arnaudov, "Istoriia na Sofiiskija Universitet", Sofia 1939, p. 292
  25. ↑ Haralampi G. Oroschakoff, “The Battenberg Affair”, Berlin Verlag 2007, p. 598ff.
  26. ↑ Simeon Radew, “The Builders of Modern Bulgaria”, Vol. 2, Sofia 1994
  27. ↑ http://www.oroschakoff.com/index.php/de/11-sonstiges/37-battenberg-affaere-publikationen
personal data
SURNAME Oroschakoff, Gawriil Haralampowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Oroschakoff, Gawriil; Mr. Gabriel (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian-Bulgarian lawyer and politician
DATE OF BIRTH June 2, 1849
PLACE OF BIRTH Kherson Governorate
DATE OF DEATH December 1907
Place of death Sofia