Gaya (Niger)

Gaya Municipality
Gaya Municipality
Coordinates	11 ° 53 '  N , 3 ° 27'  E Coordinates: 11 ° 53 '  N , 3 ° 27'  E
Basic data
Country	Niger
region	Dosso
department	Gaya
height	181 m
Residents	63,815 (2012)

Gaya is a municipality and the capital of the Gaya department in Niger .

geography

Gaya is located in the southwest of the country on the Niger River in the Dendi landscape and the Sudan landscape . There is a border crossing to the neighboring state of Benin near the city . The neighboring communities of Gayas in Niger are Tanda in the northwest, Bana in the northeast, Bengou in the east and Tounouga in the southeast.

The municipality is divided into 13 districts and a rural area with nine villages, 39 hamlets and two camps. The neighborhoods are Bagueizé, Koiratégui II, Koiratégui III, Koussou, Koyzé Kounda, Lawaye, Plateau I, Plateau II, Quartier Bagueyzé, Quartier Peul, Sakabatama, Sakongui and Zongo. The city center borders directly on the Niger River.

The city center and other parts of the municipality located on the river belong to the wetland on the middle Niger II , which was placed under protection under the Ramsar Convention . To the west of the municipality extends the 8,800 hectare Forêt classée de Goroubassounga nature reserve , which is threatened by agricultural and forestry activities as well as informal settlements . In the tiger bush thrive combretaceae as Combretum micranthum , Combretum nigricans and Guiera senegalensis . Acacia , Ethiopian palmyra and doum palms are dense stands along the river .

The hottest month in Gaya is April and the coldest is January. In the period from 1977 to 2004, monthly average temperatures of 27.28 ° C to 40.43 ° C were measured in April and from 18.74 ° C to 33.33 ° C in January. The average annual rainfall between 1931 and 2004 was 788.19 mm, a very high value in a national comparison. The humidity fluctuates between 20% in February and 80% in August.

Gaya
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     0   33 18th     0   36 21st     3   39 24     17th   40 26th     78   38 25th     119   35 23     148   32 22nd     223   32 21st     143   33 21st     19th   36 22nd     0   36 20th     0   33 18th Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source: wetterkontor.de

Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Gaya Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 32.7 36.2 39.0 40.4 38.1 35.1 32.2 31.5 32.7 35.9 36.1 33.4 O 35.3 Min. Temperature (° C) 17.9 21.1 24.3 26.2 24.9 23.3 21.6 21.2 21.3 21.5 19.7 17.8 O 21.7 Precipitation ( mm ) 0 0 3 17th 78 119 148 223 143 19th 0 0 Σ 750 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 9.0 9.0 8.0 8.2 8.9 8.4 7.4 6.8 7.8 8.6 9.4 9.0 O 8.4 Rainy days ( d ) 0 0 0 2 6th 8th 11 15th 11 2 0 0 Σ 55 Humidity ( % ) 24 20th 26th 38 53 66 77 83 79 60 32 25th O 48.7 Source: wetterkontor.de

history

Gaya was an important supraregional trade center even before the occupation by the Europeans. At the end of the 19th century, the townspeople lived in constant fear of attacks by the Tukulor . In the course of the military occupation of the later Niger colony by France, Gaya was initially attached to the French colony of Dahomey in 1899 . In 1902 the city came to the Third Military Territory ( troisième Territoire militaire ), from which in 1904 the military territory of Niger ( Territoire militaire du Niger ) emerged. The French military base in Gaya had to be closed in 1903 and relocated to Kirtachi , as the unclear demarcation between the French sphere of influence and British Nigeria caused too much uncertainty.

Local elections were held for the first time in 2002. Mayor was the teacher Hassimi Dambaro ( MNSD-Nassara ).

population

The city is home to a large number of ethnic groups who settled here between the 16th and 19th centuries. The most important are Tyenga , Songhai , Zarma , various Hausa groups and Fulbe . The districts of Bagueizé, Koyzé Kounda, Lawaye and Sakabatam are controlled by Songhai and the districts of Koussou and Sakongui are dominated by Tyenga.

At the 1977 census, Gaya had 8,709 inhabitants, at the 1988 census 14,868 inhabitants and at the 2001 census 27,856 inhabitants. At the 2012 census, the population was 63,815. The strong immigration is due to the economic importance of the city and leads to a brisk land trade.

Culture and sights

One of the special festivals in Gaya is the annual fisherman's festival, which also attracts young people from Benin and Nigeria. There is also a festival every year where the river spirits are invoked. The martial art lutte traditionnelle , popular in all of Niger, is called in Gaya denbé . In 1997 a Roman Catholic chapel was built.

Economy and Infrastructure

Border crossing between Niger and Benin near Gaya

Gaya is particularly important to trade with Benin and Nigeria, where cattle and plant-based foods such as cowpeas and peanuts are sold, and where sweet potatoes and processed products come from. Gaya also sells grain, peanuts and cowpeas to other areas of Niger. Especially in the eastern and northeastern parts of Gaya, for example in the Plateau district, the cityscape is characterized by large warehouses. The high amounts of precipitation favor agricultural activities. Rice, vegetables and sugar cane are grown along the river. Gaya District Hospital has existed since 1952. There are 24 schools in the city, the oldest of which was founded in 1923. Gaya is the seat of a Tribunal d'Instance, one of the 30 civil courts nationwide , which are below the ten civil courts of the first instance (Tribunal de Grande Instance). The city is connected to the regional capital Dosso via national road 7 and to the state border with Nigeria via national road 8 . Gaya has a civil airport with an unpaved runway, Gaya Airport ( ICAO code : DRRG).

Personalities

• Ada Boureïma (* 1945), writer
• Moumouni Boureima (* 1952), general, politician and diplomat
• Boubé Zoumé (1951–1997), writer

literature

• Nassirou Bako-Arifari: Institutions et types de pouvoir en milieu rural. Description d'un paysage politico-administratif local au Niger (canton de Gaya) (=  Working papers on African societies . No. 8 ). The Arabic Book, Berlin 1997.
• Nassirou Bako-Arifari: La politisation du foncier dans les régions de Gaya (Niger) et Gomparou (Bénin) (=  Etudes et Travaux du LASDEL . No. 8 ). LASDEL, Niamey / Parakou 2002 ( lasdel.net [PDF]).
• Lawali Dambo: Usages de l'eau à Gaya (Niger): entre forte potentialités et contraintes majeures . Dissertation. University of Lausanne, 2007.
• Olivier Walther: Affaires de patrons. Villes et commerce transfrontalier au Sahel . Lang, Bern et al. 2008, ISBN 978-3-03911-468-9 .
• Guimba Zangui: Utilization of ressources naturelles sauvages de la fôret classée de Gorou-Bassounga par la population riveraine (Gaya, Tanda, Tombo-Béry) . Faculté d'Agronomie, Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey, Niamey 1992.

Web links

Commons : Gaya (Niger)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Répertoire National des localites (ReNaLoc). (RAR) Institut National de la Statistique de la République du Niger, July 2014, pp. 160–161 , accessed on August 7, 2015 (French). 
2. ↑ Système de zones humides de la region du fleuve. (PDF) map. Direction de la Faune, de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture, March 2001, accessed on March 10, 2019 (French). 
3. ↑ ^{a b c d} Problématique générale du foncier dans la commune urbaine de Gaya (PDF; 1.4 MB). Website of the development aid organization SNV, published December 2008, accessed on November 23, 2013.
4. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 59.
5. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, p. 83.
6. ↑ Edmond Séré de Rivières: Histoire du Niger . Berger-Levrault, Paris 1965, pp. 234-235.
7. ↑ ^{a b c} Présentation de la commune de Gaya  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Website of the ANIYA Coopération Décentralisée Niger-France, accessed on January 29, 2012.  
8. ↑ Olivier Walther: Sons of the Soil and Conquerors Who Came on Foot: The Historical Evolution of a West African Border Region . In: African Studies Quarterly . Vol. 13, No. 1 & 2 , 2012, p. 78 ( sites.clas.ufl.edu [PDF; accessed November 4, 2018]).
9. ^ Institut national de la statistique (ed.): Annuaire statistique des cinquante ans d'indépendence du Niger . Niamey 2010 ( online version ; PDF; 3.1 MB), p. 54.
10. ↑ Presentation of the résultats globaux définitifs du Quatrième (4ème) Recensement Général de la Population et de l'Habitat (RGP / H) de 2012. (PDF file) Institut National de la Statistique, 2014, accessed on April 21, 2014 (French ). 
11. ↑ Saint Charles Lwanga - Dosso. Eglise Catholique au Niger, accessed July 1, 2015 (French). 
12. ↑ Livelihoods Zoning “Plus” Activity In Niger ( Memento from September 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 2.5 MB). P. 33, Famine Early Warning Systems Network website, published August 2011, accessed January 19, 2012.
13. ↑ Bachir Talfi: Note sur l'organization judiciaire . Nigerien Ministry of Justice website, accessed September 24, 2012.
14. ↑ Airports in Niger . Aircraft Charter World website, accessed January 23, 2012.