Camp

Modular construction from tents during a Bundeswehr exercise

A warehouse or taken from the English camp is a place, usually involving several people temporarily housed. Warehouses are therefore mostly of a short-term nature, but can also be used for a longer period of time under certain circumstances that depend on the design and purpose.

Originally, camp probably simply referred to night camp , i.e. H. the place where someone lay down to spend the night . Even today the resting place of certain animals is called a camp in the hunter's language .

species

For a wide variety of reasons, many people live provisionally and mostly not in permanent housing.

Voluntariness

Sami family in front of their tent camp in Lapland 1900

Cree Camp, 1871

To be able to live in a non-urban world:

The tent camps of nomadic peoples who often live from hunting and follow prey on their migrations or drive their own herds . Examples: Indigenous people on the prairies of North America (before reservation ), Siberian peoples, Mongols , Bedouins , Lapps .
The accommodations on a military training area are called camps
The military knows the camp as a bivouac .
Mountaineers set up a base camp from which they climb or bivouack the nearby mountains.
Children and young people spend their free time in holiday camps , mostly tent camps , together for one or more weeks to pursue outdoor activities together or enjoy a romantic campfire . This is mainly due to the boy scout movement; see boy scout camp or camp for recreation and work

For recreation, friends of the campsite move to a campsite or relax in campers or caravans

So-called protest or resistance camps are set up by activists to organize and carry out political actions such as field liberations , the protest against the G8 summit in Heiligendamm in 2007 or as part of the Occupy movement .

Involuntary

Refugees find accommodation in refugee camps until they can either return to their homeland or have to find a new home.

Prison camp

People were and are being held against their will in numerous forms of camps:

In POW camps are prisoners of war , that is, from a force during an armed conflict captured combatants (usually soldiers ) or non-combatants noted.
Internment camps are camps whose inmates are prisoners of a mostly military organization. An example from the recent past is the illegal American prison camp at Guantanamo Bay .
In labor camps people for forced labor detained.
During the time of National Socialism there were many prison camps with different names. There were concentration camps for the imprisonment of political opponents and persecuted minorities, forced labor camps known as “ labor education camps” and extermination camps in German-occupied Poland and in Belarus for the implementation of the so-called “ final solution to the Jewish question ”.

In tsarist Russia there were penal camps for exiles in Siberia ; these camps were later continued by the Soviet Union as so-called gulags .

Places of education and indoctrination

In the time of National Socialism, military training camps were set up for pre-military training and indoctrination for the Hitler Youth .
The boot camps used in the USA represent a special form . Some convicted offenders are given the voluntary opportunity to serve their sentences in a camp with a much shorter duration than in a regular prison , but with tough, authoritarian rehabilitation measures.

Literature (selection)

Axel Doßmann, Jan Wenzel, Kai Wenzel: Temporary architecture: barracks, pavilions, containers . B-books, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-933557-66-7 .
Stefanie Endlich: The external form of terror. On urban planning and the architecture of the concentration camps. In: Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (eds.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 1: The Organization of Terror. CH Beck, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-406-52961-5 , pp. 210-229.
Ralph Gabriel : National Socialist Biopolitics and the Architecture of the Concentration Camps. In: Ludger Schwarte (Ed.): Excerpt from the camp. To overcome the modern space paradigm in political philosophy , Berlin 2007, pp. 201-219, ISBN 978-3-89942-550-5 .
Christoph Hölz: Reich Labor Service Camp. In: Winfried Nerdinger (Ed.), Building in National Socialism. Bavaria 1933-1945 , Klinkhardt & Biermann, Munich 1993, pp. 179-215, ISBN 3-7814-0360-2 .
Juliane Hummel: Immobile Remembrance: The construction and structural remains of the Bergen-Belsen prisoner of war and concentration camp . In: Wilfried Wiedemann, Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn (eds.): Landscape and memory: Bergen-Belsen, Esterwegen, Falstad, Majdanek , Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 2011, pp. 103-124, ISBN 978-3-89975-268-7 .
Joel Kotek : The Century of Camps. Captivity, forced labor, extermination . Propylaea, Berlin / Munich 2001, ISBN 3-549-07143-4 (Armenia, China, Turkey, Germany, USSR, Ex-Yugoslavia).

Web links

Wiktionary: Lager - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations