Yellow horn
| Yellow horn | ||||||||||||
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Yellowhorn ( Xanthoceras sorbifolium ), illustration |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the subfamily | ||||||||||||
| Xanthoceroideae | ||||||||||||
| Thorne & Reveal | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Xanthoceras | ||||||||||||
| Bunge | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Xanthoceras sorbifolium | ||||||||||||
| Bunge |
Yellow horn ( Xanthoceras sorbifolium ) is the only plant species of the monotypic genus Xanthoceras and the subfamily Xanthoceroideae within the soap tree family (Sapindaceae).
distribution
The yellow horn comes from northern China ; Finds are in the provinces of Gansu , Hebei , Henan , Liaoning , Inner Mongolia , Ningxia , Shaanxi and Shandong . There should also be sites in Korea . There is a temperate climate.
In Central Europe , the Yellow Horn long time had been very rarely planted; however, it is now also being sold by tree nurseries.
description
In its homeland, the yellow horn grows as a deciduous and drought-resistant tree or shrub and reaches heights of 2 to 7.5 meters. In Central Europe it is hardy, but usually only grows shrubby.
The stalked and alternate leaves are 15 to 30 cm long and pinnate unpaired. The up to 17 to 19 seated, ovate to narrowly eilanzettlichen or pinna lanceolate leaflets are roughly spitziggesägt. They are up to 5–6 centimeters long and pointed. The terminal leaflet is sometimes trilobed.
The 12 to 20 centimeters long racemose and terminal or axillary inflorescences appear during the flowering period from May to June . There are male and functionally female flowers on a plant; so it is false polygamous . The males are in the axillary inflorescences or in the mixed, longer terminal ones. The functionally female flowers appear only in the terminal inflorescences. The stalked, functionally unisexual flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The bracts are relatively large. The radially symmetrical and white flower with an initially yellow, later orange and finally red center is almost 3–4 centimeters in size. The green, up to 7 millimeters long sepals are tomentose. The up to 2 centimeters long, prominently veined petals are (narrow) obovate and short nailed .
In each male flower there are 8 relatively short, up to 1.5 centimeters long stamens . In the functionally female flowers staminodes are formed with Antheroden and three carpels are a top permanent, finely hairy and edged ovary with a relatively short stylus and lobed stigma overgrown. In each of the three ovary chambers there are seven to eight ovules in two rows . The ovary is often completely reduced in the male flowers. There is always a disc with longer, horn-like outgrowths; hence the common name "yellow horn".
In autumn, the 4 to 6 cm large, green and chestnut-like , multi-seeded, leathery, more or less three-part, roughly rounded to broadly egg-shaped fruits, capsule fruits , ripen. They open loculicidal with three thick valves. The smooth, dark brown to blackish, up to 1.3-1.6 centimeters in size, more than 15, spherical or egg-shaped to ellipsoidal, often one to three-sided flattened, hard seeds, with a larger, beige hilum , are edible.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 30.
Systematics
The Yellow Horn was in 1833 by Alexander Bunge in Enum. Pl. China Bor. , Page 11 as Xanthoceras sorbifolium first described.
literature
- Marilena Idžojtić: Dendrology. Academic Press, 2018, ISBN 978-0-444-64175-5 , p. 715.
- Nianhe Xia & Paul A. Gadek: Sapindaceae in the Flora of China , Volume 12, pp. 6-7: Species and genus - online .
- Qingyuan Zhou, Qing Cai, Yuanrun Zheng et. al .: Floral development and the formation of functionally unisexual flowers in Xanthoceras sorbifolium (Sapindaceae), a morphologically andromonoecious tree endemic to northern China. In: Trees. 33, 2019, pp. 1571–1582, doi: 10.1007 / s00468-019-01879-6 , online at researchgate.net.
- Thomas H. Everett: The New York Botanical Garden: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Horticulture. Volume 10: Ste-Zy , Garland, 1982, ISBN 0-8240-7240-5 , p. 3567.
- Frederick J. Simoons: Food in China. CRC Press, 1991, ISBN 0-8493-8804-X , p. 283.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Xanthoceras sorbifolium at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.