Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoi

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Gennady Nevelskoi

Gennady Nevelskoy ( Russian Геннадий Иванович Невельской ; born November 23, jul. / 5. December  1813 greg. In Drakino at Soligalich ; † April 17 jul. / 29. April  1876 greg. In Saint Petersburg ) was a Russian admiral and explorer of the Far East of Russia .

Life

Gennadi Nevelskoi was born in the family of a naval officer on their country estate in what was then the Kostroma governorate . After attending the Naval Cadet Institute of the St. Petersburg Naval Institute from 1829 to 1832, he also embarked on a senior officer career.

Nevelskoi on a Soviet postage stamp from 1989

Promoted to lieutenant in 1836, he took part in a circumnavigation of Europe under Friedrich Benjamin von Lütke in 1846 . In 1847 he was appointed captain of the Baikal sailor , with whom he crossed the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans from 1848 to 1849 . The aim of the trip was to explore the sea area around Sakhalin and the surrounding coasts, to which the Russian Empire wanted to expand its influence. In 1849 Nevelskoi was the first Russian navigator to reach the mouth of the Amur , demonstrating its navigability and the existence of the Tatar Sound , a strait between Sakhalin and the mainland that connects the Okhotsk with the Sea of ​​Japan (the mapping carried out 40 years earlier in Russia and Europe was Sakhalin not known by the Japanese navigator Mamiya Rinzō ). After the ship for the winter to Petropavlovsk on Kamchatka had sent, returned Nevelskoi of Okhotsk back by land to Saint Petersburg, where he of Tsar I. Nikolai was received. This ordered another expedition to take the Amur estuary through Russia.

On the way back to the Far East, Nevelskoi married Yekaterina Yeltschaninowa (1832–1879), who accompanied him on the expedition, during a stopover in Irkutsk . From Nevelskoi or on his orders as part of the Amur expedition , a number of military posts were established on the coasts of Sakhalin and the mainland between 1850 and 1855, including in place of today's cities of Nikolayevsk on the Amur , Sovetskaya Gawan and Korsakov . This was one of the most important actions that eventually led to the Treaty of Aigun in 1858 , under which Russia expanded significantly in the Far East.

In 1854 Nevelskoi was promoted to Rear Admiral and took part in the approach of warships and troops across the Amur - i.e. over an area that was not yet officially part of the Russian Empire at the time - which, under the command of the Governor General of Eastern Siberia, Nikolai Muravyov-Amursky, took part in the defense against one The feared attack was carried out by an Anglo-French naval unit operating in the Pacific as part of the Crimean War .

In 1864 Newelskoi was promoted to vice admiral, in 1874 to admiral. He died in Saint Petersburg in 1876, where he is buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery (not to be confused with the cemetery of the same name in Moscow ).

The narrowest section of the strait between Sakhalin and the mainland that he discovered was named after Nevelskoi, as well as an elongated bay on the west coast of Sakhalin, which forms the eastern part of the Tatar Sound , the city of Nevelsk located on this bay and a 1,428 meter high mountain in the eastern central part the island of Sakhalin.

Monuments to Nevelskoi were erected in Vladivostok (1897), Nikolayevsk-on-Amur, Khabarovsk and Soligalich . The State Maritime University in Vladivostok and a large landing ship of the Russian Pacific Fleet are named after him.

Web links

Commons : Gennady Nevelskoi  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files