Freistadt District (Silesia)

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The district of Freistadt ( Czech : Politický okres Fryštát , Polish : Powiat polityczny Frysztat ) was a political district in Austrian Silesia . Its area included parts of the Olsa region ( Eastern Silesia , Teschner Silesia ) in today's Czech Republic ( Moravskoslezský kraj , Okres Karviná ) and Poland ( Silesian Voivodeship , five villages in the powiat Cieszyński ). The seat of the district administration was the city of Freistadt, today Fryštát , a district of Karviná in the Czech Republic. In 1920 the district fell to Czechoslovakia and Poland.

history

In the years 1850–1855, the judicial district of Freistadt first belonged to the Teschen district . Freistadt district was established in 1868 and included the judicial districts Freistadt and Oderberg (which belonged to the Friedek district from 1850–1855 ).

In 1880 the district had 40 parishes (23 in the judicial district of Freistadt, 17 in the judicial district of Oderberg). By 1890, there were two changes: emerged as a community Muglinau by the separation of the church Herzmanitz , Ditmar village was from the judicial district Oderberg after the judicial district of Freistadt embarrassed. On January 1, 1904, 7 parishes of the Oderberg judicial district were separated to create a new judicial district Polish Ostrau in the Friedek district. Before 1910, the municipality of Pudlau became independent from the municipality of Wirbitz . In 1910, the Freistadt district had an area of ​​317 km² and comprised 34 communities (24 in the Freistadt judicial district and 10 in the Oderberg judicial district).

Results of the censuses of 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 in the 34 municipalities that belonged to the district in 1910:

The languages ​​of the majority of the population of the communes in the years 1880 to 1910 and the border changes in the years 1918 to 1920; red - Polish, green - Czech, blue - German
1880 1890 1900 1910
Judicial district Freistadt
(24 municipalities) 		36,736 44,456 64.056 82.086
Polish speaking 24,885 (69.5%) 33,221 (76.7%) 52,545 (84.2%) 57,344 (71.2%)
Czech speaking 8,650 (24.2%) 7,747 (17.9%) 6,372 (10.2%) 17,748 (22%)
German speaking 1,463 (6.2%) 2,313 (5.3%) 3,336 (5.3%) 5,351 (6.7%)
Jurisdiction Oderberg
(10 municipalities) 		14,841 17,884 29,227 39,944
Polish speaking 10,487 (77.9%) 13,457 (81.7%) 19,182 (69.6%) 18,118 (47.3%)
Czech speaking 1,516 (11.2%) 1,382 (8.4%) 3,342 (12.2%) 10,355 (27%)
German speaking 1.463 (10.9%) 1,635 (9.9%) 4,943 (17.9%) 9.808 (25.6%)

In 1910 there were a total of 122,030 inhabitants in the district, of which 106,380 were Roman Catholic, 12,534 Protestant, 2,459 Jewish and 657 of other faiths.

Traditionally, the district was inhabited by so-called Silesian Lachen ( Dolanie ) who spoke the dialects of Teschen after the separation of the judicial district of Polish-Ostrava . Because of the increased industrialization, the population grew several times. The main source of immigration was Galicia . In 1910 there were 15,500 (13%) immigrants from Galicia, fewer than in the Friedek district , but 8,500 (7.2%) came from Bohemia and Moravia. According to the religion, 106,380 (87.2%) Roman Catholics, 12,534 (10.3%) Protestants, 2459 (0.5%) Israelites, 657 were of other faiths lived in the district.

In 1918, after the collapse of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, the area of ​​the district became disputed. After the Polish-Czechoslovak border war , a referendum that was not carried out and the decision of the Council of Ambassadors of the victorious powers on July 28, 1920, the area largely fell to Czechoslovakia without Zebrzydowice , Kończyce Małe , Kończyce Wielkie and Kaczyce and Marklowice Górne , which fell to Poland .

Localities

Community structure (1910)

In 1910, the judicial districts in Freistadt and Jablunkau existed in the area of ​​the district, to which the following locations were assigned:

Free City judicial district
  1. Albersdorf
  2. Old town
  3. Darkau
  4. Dittmannsdorf
  5. Dombrau (market town)
  6. Free City
  7. Karwin (market town)
  8. Katschitz
  9. Gross Kuntschitz
  10. Klein Kuntschitz
  11. Lazy
  12. Lonkau
  13. Marklowitz (today Marklowice Górne in Poland and Dolní Marklovice in the Czech Republic)
  14. Orlau (market town)
  15. Petrowitz
  16. Piersna
  17. Poremba
  18. Roj
  19. Seibersdorf
  20. Steinau
  21. Middle Suchau
  22. Nieder Suchau
  23. Ober Suchau
  24. Zawada
Oderberg judicial district
  1. German people
  2. Oderberg
  3. Peterswald
  4. Polish people
  5. Reichwaldau
  6. Schönichel
  7. Skrzeczon
  8. Wilmersdorf
  9. Wirbitz
  10. Zablacz

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Janusz Gruchała, Krzysztof Nowak: Śląsk Cieszyński od Wiosny Ludów do I wojny światowej (1848–1918) . Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie, Cieszyn 2013, ISBN 978-83-935147-3-1 , p. 12-13 (Polish).
  2. ↑ Kazimierz Piątkowski: Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem . Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, Cieszyn 1918, p. 4–5 (Polish, online ).
  3. ↑ a b c d Ludwig Patryn (ed): The results of the census of December 31, 1910 in Silesia . Troppau 1912 ( online ).
  4. ↑ Kazimierz Piątkowski: Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem ( Polish ). Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego, Cieszyn 1918, pp. 12, 72-75.
  5. ↑ Śląsk Cieszyński od Wiosny Ludów ..., 2013, p. 16.