Gerlachovský štít
| Gerlachovský štít | ||
|---|---|---|
 Gerlachovský štít seen from the tree line in summer |
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| height | 2654.4 m nm | |
| location | Slovakia | |
| Mountains | High Tatras , Carpathian Mountains | |
| Dominance | 509 km → Umlaufer | |
| Notch height | 2344 m ↓ Moravian Gate | |
| Coordinates | 49 ° 9 '50 " N , 20 ° 8' 2" E | |
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| rock | lime | |
| First ascent | 1834 Ján Still , possibly even before that, as it is relatively easy to climb | |
| particularities | highest mountain in the Carpathians and Slovakia | |
The Gerlachovský štít ( ) or colloquially Gerlach or Gerlachovka (German Gerlsdorfer Spitze , colloquially also Gerlachspitze or Gerlach ) is the highest mountain in the High Tatras , the 1500 km long Carpathian mountain range and Slovakia , as well as the highest Mountain of Central Europe east of the Alps .
The exact height of the mountain is 2654.4 m nm , although 2655 m nm are commonly given. The pyramid-like appearance of the mountain range is marked by a large basin . Despite the relatively low altitude compared to other high mountains in the world, the mountain rises 2000 meters above the valley. Gerlachovský štít was the highest mountain in the Kingdom of Hungary until 1918 and the highest in Czechoslovakia after 1918 (until 1992) , with interruptions from 1939-45 by the First Slovak Republic . Thus, in just over 20 years, it was the highest mountain in three states.
In 1997 an iron summit cross was erected on the summit.
Origin of the name
The name is derived from Gerlsdorf (Slovak: Gerlachov) in the Spiš at the foot of the mountain , which was formerly settled by Carpathian Germans and founded in the Middle Ages .
height
Gerlachovský štít was not always considered the highest mountain in the Tatras. According to the first official altitude measurement in the High Tatras in the 18th century, the Kriváň ( 2494 m nm ) was seen as the highest mountain. In 1773, the Scottish doctor and botanist Robert Towson, according to his barometer measurements, held the nearby Lomnický štít ( 2632 m nm ) higher than the Gerlachovský štít. The Swedish botanist Göran Wahlenberg also described the mountain Ľadový štít ( 2624 m nm ) as the highest in 1813 , but could not determine its height due to the weather.
Only the forester Ludwig Greiner (Slovak slowudovít Greiner) established the Gerlachovský štít as the highest mountain in 1837 and published this in 1839 in the Oven magazine Gemeinnutzige Blätter for instruction and maintenance . However, its measurement initially met with little understanding. Although in 1868 a regional measurement group of the Austro-Hungarian Army formally confirmed this thesis, Greiner's measurements only found broad acceptance after the maps of the High Tatras were issued in 1876 by the Military Geographic Institute .
Names
The first known name is the Zipser German Kösselberg on a map from 1762. This name, like the Slovak name Kotol ("Kessel") recorded in 1821 , refers to the characteristic kettle on the south side.
The current name comes from the name of the municipality Gerlachov (German Gerlsdorf ), to whose municipality part of the High Tatras belonged. For example, in a sketch of the High Tatras of Gerlachfalvenses montes (Latin for “Mountains of Gerlsdorf”) in 1717 - without differentiating between individual peaks. This collective name was in use parallel to the name Gerlsdorfer Spitze used by Ludwig Greiner. During the Hungarian domination of today's Slovakia as part of the then Upper Hungary he was officially Hungarian Gerlachfalvi Csúcs called. Later, however, it was often used for political and state purposes:
- until 1896: Gerlach (in general, especially Slovak and Polish), Gierlach (Polish), Gerlachspitze (German), Gerlachfalvi csúcs (Hungarian official); the Gerlach form can be traced back to J. Buchholtz for the first time in 1717
- 1896–1919: Franz-Joseph-Spitze (German), Ferenc József csúcs (Hungarian), Štít Františka Jozefa (Slovak), Štít Františka Josefa (Czech); Renamed in 1896 for the millennial anniversary of the Hungarian "conquest"
- 1919–1949: Gerlach (ovka) (slow.); with innterruptions:
- 1918– ?: Szczyt Polski (Polish), Polish lace (German)
- 1923– ?: Štít Legionárov (Slov.), Štít legionářů (Czech), Legionáriusok csúcsa (Hungarian), head of the legionaries (German); Renamed out of gratitude for the help of the Czechoslovak legionnaires in establishing Czechoslovakia; By 1932 the mountain was called Gerlach again
- 1939–1945: Slovenský štít (Slov.), Slovak lace (German), Szlovák csúcs (Hungarian)
- 1949–1959: Stalinov štít (Slov.), Stalinův štít (Czech), Sztálin csúcs (Hungarian), Stalin-Spitze (German); 1949 Renaming "out of gratitude for the liberation" by the Hitler-German troops
- since 1959: Gerlachovský štít (Slov., Czech), Gerlsdorfer Spitze or Gerlachspitze (German), Gerlach or Gierlach (Polish), Gerlachfalvi csúcs (Hungarian)
neighborhood
Unofficially, the mountain was named Kotlový štít (2601 m, German: Kesselspitze ) after a characteristic basin on the south side . Today, however, the Kesselspitze is considered an independent mountain. The Gerlachovská veža (2642 m, Gerlach Tower ) and the Zadný Gerlach (2616 m, Hintergerlach ) are related to the name and can be found in the immediate vicinity .
climber
The mountain can be easily reached on a day tour in summer for experienced hikers. Although it is often claimed that ascent is only permitted with a mountain guide, there seem to be exceptions for members of alpine associations. The best ascent begins at the Sliezsky dom mountain hut.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ľudovít Greiner's biography on the website of the Slovak State Forests. Retrieved December 9, 2017 (Slovak).
- ↑ Gerlachovský štít. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012 ; Retrieved December 9, 2017 (Slovak).
- ↑ Not recognizable in this file - Francis Florian Czaki: Mappa geographica repræsentans partem Hungariæ nempe sic dictum Comitatum de Zips ... Comitat Scepusiensis. Engraved by Friedrich Hampe, 1762. ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Józef Szlafarski: Poznanie Tatr , 1972.
- ↑ Jakob Meltzer: The Zipser Comitat . In: Johannes Csaplovics , Topographical-Statistical Archive of the Kingdom of Hungary , 1821.
- ↑ Georg Buchholtz Jr .: Delineatio Nomenclatura Montium Carpathicorum, qualiter sese Lomnitzæ conspiciendi sistunt. 1717. In: Ivan Houdek: Osudy Vysokých Tatier. 1951. ( Online at maps.hungarica.hu)
- ↑ Ludwig Greiner: The Gerlsdorfer Spitze as the highest mountain height in the Carpathians . Charitable leaflets for instruction and entertainment , 1839.
- ^ Wolfgang Machreich: EU summit. 28 highlights of Europe that you have to stand on. Reiseliteratur-Verlag, Hamburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-944365-87-9 , p. 129 .
- ↑ Gerlachovský štít at summitpost.org. Accessed December 9, 2017 .
- ↑ Regulations for mountaineering in the Tatra National Park. Retrieved December 9, 2017 .
