Ordinary turf rush
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Common turf rush ( Trichophorum cespitosum subsp. Cespitosum ) |
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| ( L. ) Hartm. |
The common turf rush ( Trichophorum cespitosum subsp. Cespitosum ) is a subspecies of the turf rush ( Trichophorum cespitosum ) belonging to the sour grass family (Cyperaceae ). It is a characteristic plant of nutrient-poor bogs and bog forests . The mostly hedgehog-shaped shape of their dense, rigid clumps is characteristic .
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description
The common turf rush is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 5 to 50 centimeters. The hemicryptophyte forms small to medium-sized, dense, rigid clumps, which in turn can form dense lawns, no runners are formed. The stem base is rounded to triangular-rounded. The basal sheaths are leather-brown, shiny. The stems grow rigidly upright or diagonally upwards, sometimes bent over at the time of fruiting. They are round, smooth and green to dark green in cross section.
The leaf sheaths of the lower leaves are usually without a leaf blade . The uppermost leaf sheath is cut off at an angle and is about 1 millimeter deep in relation to the base of the leaf blade. The 1 millimeter wide top leaf blade is about five times as long as the cutout is deep. The ligules are very short.
The one or two bracts are similar to the husks and about as long as the inflorescence . This consists of a single, terminal, erect spikelet . The spikelets are obovate or oblong to club-shaped, 5 to 10 millimeters long and 3 to 20-flowered. The single flowers each have three stamens (anthers) and three stigmas (gynoeceum). The main axis of the spikelets, the spikelet spindle, is about 2 millimeters long after the fruit has fallen off. The husks are elongated-lanceolate, pointed, 3 to 4 millimeters long, yellow to red-brown, with a green keel and skin edge. The five to six flower envelope bristles ( perigone ) are usually significantly longer than the fruit. The fruit is a caryopsis, a special form of the nut fruit . This is triangular when compressed, narrowed at the tip, 1.5 to 2 millimeters long and gray to yellow-brown.
The common turf rush flowers from May to July, rarely later. Their chromosome number is 2n = 104.
Possible confusion
Turf rushes are generally similar to the marsh rushes ( Eleocharis ) in their outer shape . In contrast to these, however, they have a distinct, albeit short leaf blade on the uppermost leaf sheath.
The German turf rush ( Trichophorum cespitosum subsp. Germanicum ) is very similar . Your top leaf sheath is only about 2 millimeters deep in relation to the base of the leaf blade. The top leaf blade is about twice as long as the cutout is deep. The terminal spikelet is about 5 to 10 millimeters long; the spikelet spindles are 3 millimeters or longer after the fruits have fallen off.
distribution
The common turf rush is much more common than the German turf rush. It is circumboreal and occurs in northern, western and central Europe , rarely southern Europe, northwestern Africa , Asia , New Guinea , Greenland , North America and Jamaica . In the Allgäu Alps, it rises at the Fellhorn summit in Bavaria up to 2030 meters above sea level.
Their total area is given as 10 million to one and a half billion km². Their area share in Germany is less than 10%. Here it is mainly at home in the Alpine foothills and in the North German lowlands . The Federal Republic represents the outer area of its continuously populated area (area edge).
ecology
The ecological indicator values according to Ellenberg are L 8 - T 4 - K 3 - F 9 - R 1 - N 1 - S 0 .
The turf rush is a light plant, which means that it grows in full light and can only tolerate shade to a limited extent. Their ecological focus is on soaked and air-poor, strongly acidic, very low-nitrogen soils. It is not salt bearing.
Typical of the common turf rush - and many other raised bog plants - is an effective internal nutrient cycle . The nutrients required to build up the above-ground parts of the plant are shifted back to the base of the shoot during seed formation. In the following growing season , this supply can be mobilized without loss. Furthermore, an intensive rooting of the upper soil layers and the very close-fitting shoots prevent the nutrients from dead plant parts from being washed out.
Socialization
In the plant sociological system, the turf rush is the division of the association Eriophoro-Trichophoretosum cespitosi within the association of bell heather moors (Ericion tetralicis). Characteristic species of these societies are peat mosses such as Sphagnum magellanicum , Sphagnum compactum , arm-flowered sedge ( Carex pauciflora ), common cranberry ( Vaccinium oxycoccos ), cottongrass ( Eriophorum vaginatum ) and rosemary heather ( Andromeda polifolia ). It also has main occurrences in the high-montane small sedge of the associations Caricion fuscae (brown sedge swamps), Caricetum davallianae (limestone bogs and swamps) and in the Primulo-Schoenetum ferruginei (flour primrose bog).
Hazard and protection
The common turf rush is safe worldwide and Europe-wide and does not enjoy any special legal protection. In Germany, however, it is classified as endangered (hazard category 3). In Hamburg it is threatened with extinction. It became extinct in North Rhine-Westphalia and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. In Germany, the cultivation , drainage and afforestation of bog locations have severely decimated stocks and continue to decline significantly.
Sources and further information
Single sources
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Trichophorum cespitosum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 25, 2014.
- ↑ a b Jürke Grau , Bruno P. Kremer, Bodo M. Möseler, Gerhard Rambold, Dagmar Triebel: Grasses. Sweet grasses, sour grasses, rushes and grass-like families in Europe (= Steinbach's natural guide ). New, edit. Special edition edition. Mosaik, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-576-10702-9 .
- ↑ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 7th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1994, ISBN 3-8252-1828-7 .
- ↑ a b c Ordinary turf rush. In: FloraWeb.de. , accessed on August 18, 2006
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 225.
- ^ Heinz Ellenberg, Heinrich E. Weber, Ruprecht Düll, Volkmar Wirth, W. Werner, D. Paulißen: Pointer values of plants in Central Europe (= Scripta Geobotanica. Volume 18). Erich Goltze, Göttingen 1992, ISBN 3-88452-518-2 .
- ↑ Alois Kapfer, Peter Poschlod: Swamps and Moore. Recognize, determine, protect biotopes (= Weitbrecht biotope determination books. Edited by Claus-Peter Hutter). Weitbrecht, Stuttgart / Vienna / Bern 1997, ISBN 3-522-72060-1 .
- ↑ Erich Oberdorfer: South German Plant Societies. Part I: Rock and wall communities, alpine corridors, water, silting and moor communities. 4th edition. Gustav Fischer, Jena / Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-437-35280-6 .
further reading
- Klaus Dierssen, Barbara Dierssen: Moore (= ecosystems of Central Europe from a geobotanical point of view. ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hoheheim), 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3245-1 .
Web links
- Ordinary turf rush. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
- Trichophorum cespitosum (L.) Hartm. [s. st. prov.] In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Distribution in the northern hemisphere from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: Atlas of North European vascular plants. 1986, ISBN 3-87429-263-0 at Den virtuella floran. (swed.)
