Glass wing bugs

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Glass wing bugs
Stictopleurus abutilon

Stictopleurus abutilon

Systematics
Class : Insects (Insecta)
Order : Schnabelkerfe (Hemiptera)
Subordination : Bed bugs (heteroptera)
Partial order : Pentatomomorpha
Superfamily : Coreoidea
Family : Glass wing bugs
Scientific name
Rhopalidae
Amyot & Serville , 1843
Cinnamon bug ( Corizus hyoscyami )
Chorosoma schillingii
Liorhyssus hyalinus
Rhopalus lepidus

Glass wing bugs (Rhopalidae) are a family of bugs (Heteroptera) within the suborder Pentatomomorpha . More than 209 species of around 21 genera are known. In Europe 33 species are represented, of which occur in Central Europe 16th In many species the corium of the hemielytres is transparent between the wing veins . The common German name Glasflügelwanzen indicates this feature.

features

The glass wing bugs are 4 to 15 millimeters long and usually have a strong and elongated body. However, they differ greatly in terms of body shape and color. Most representatives are dull brownish in color and are similar to species of the Orsillinae (family: ground bugs (Lygaeidae)), which often leads to confusion. The remaining, mostly larger species resemble species of Lygaeinae (family: ground bugs), fire bugs (Pyrrhocoridae) and Largidae in body shape and strong body color .

The face plate ( clypeus ) of the head capsule extends beyond the mandibles . Two point eyes ( ocelli ) are formed, which sit on low sclerotized tubercles. The antennae are never widened and their first limb is constricted at the base. The olfactory gland openings on the metathorax are absent or have receded. That is why the family has the name scentless (plant) bugs in English ("odorless (plants) bugs"). The membranes of the hemielytres carry numerous wing veins . In the abdomen, the trichobothria are located along a straight line on the third and fourth sternum mediolaterally and on the fifth to sixth sternum laterally . On the seventh sternum, they are arranged obliquely on the side of the segment. Inner laterotergites are formed. In the nymphs , the scent gland openings on the abdomen are dorsal between the fourth to sixth tergum . Between the fourth and fifth tergum, the opening - unlike all other bugs - is slightly forward. The ovipositor of the females is plate-shaped, their seventh sternum is undivided. The spermathec of males consists of a round globe, a small pump and a long, usually coiled duct.

In the Serinethinae subfamily , the olfactory gland openings on the abdomen are functional, which is probably a neotenic feature.

Occurrence

The glass wing bugs are common worldwide. However, some groups have unusual distribution patterns. The tribe Niestreini comprises three genera. is common with two genera in the western hemisphere and one in South Africa and India. The six genera comprehensive tribe Chorosomini is distributed with three genera in the Palearctic (one of them also in the tropics of the Old World ), one genus in the Neotropic and one endemic genus in Hawaii . Another of their genera, Boisea , includes two Nearctic species, one from West and Central Africa and one from southern India.

Way of life

The glass wing bugs feed phytophag on various herbaceous and woody plants. They suckle on ripe and immature seeds and prefer rosids and asterids . None of its representatives is one of the relevant pests in agriculture. However, Boisea trivittata can become a nuisance due to its large aggregations, which also penetrate houses for wintering. The species of the Rhopalinae feed on a larger range of plants, the species of the Serinethinae, on the other hand, are usually found on the soap tree family ⋅ (Sapindaceae).

Niesthrea louisianica was used in biological pest control against the velvet poplar ( Abutilon theophrasti ).

A remarkable evolutionary development is documented by Jadera haematoloma from the United States. The bugs suckle on three types of the soap tree family, Sapindus saponaria , Serjania brachycarpa and Cardiospermum corindum , but can also be found on another three species of this family introduced by humans: Koelreuteria paniculata , Koelreuteria elegans and Cardiospermum halicacabum . Carroll & Boyd (1992) documented that three different populations of the bug species can be found on these three plant species, which differ in the length of their rostrum. Populations of plants with large fruits and thus deeply located seeds have a very long rostra, those on plants with small fruits have significantly shorter rostra. However, this differentiation could only have developed in the remarkably short period of about 30 to 50 years prior to the observation, since the introduction of the food plants only took place within this period. It could also be a phenotypic expression.

Taxonomy and systematics

The group was first described by Charles Jean Baptiste Amyot & Jean Guillaume Audinet Serville in 1843 with the name "Rhopalides" as a higher family. Douglas and Scott called them Corizidae in 1865, Mayr in 1866 "Corizida", with which name the group is often found in older literature. It was often regarded as a subfamily of the edge bugs (Coreidae), but especially since the work of Chopra (1967) and Göllner-Scheiding (1983), the classification in family rank is considered to be consolidated. According to the latter two works, which Schuh & Slater (1995) follow, the family is divided into the following subfamilies and tribe:

Species in Europe

The following species occur in Europe:

More types

supporting documents

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Robert G. Foottit, Peter H. Adler: Insect Biodiversity: Science and Society . Wiley-Blackwell, New York 2009, ISBN 978-1-4051-5142-9 , pp. 241 .
  2. ↑ a b Rhopalidae. Fauna Europaea, accessed May 3, 2014 .
  3. ↑ a b Ekkehard Wachmann , Albert Melber, Jürgen Deckert: Bugs. Volume 3: Pentatomomorpha I: Aradoidea (bark bugs), Lygaeoidea (ground bugs, etc.), Pyrrhocoroidea (fire bugs) and Coreoidea (edge ​​bugs, etc.). (=  The animal world of Germany and the adjacent parts of the sea according to their characteristics and their way of life . 78th part). Goecke & Evers, Keltern 2007, ISBN 978-3-937783-29-1 , p.  236 ff .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Family Rhopalidae. Australian Biological Resources Study. Australian Faunal Directory, accessed May 3, 2014 .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995, pp. 281ff.

literature

  • RT Schuh, JA Slater: True Bugs of the World (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Classification and Natural History. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York 1995.

Web links

Commons : Glass wing bugs (Rhopalidae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files