Goethehof
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| location | ||||
| Address: | Schüttaustraße 1–39 | |||
| District: | Danube city | |||
| Coordinates: | 48 ° 13 '47.5 " N , 16 ° 25' 9.8" E | |||
| Architecture and art | ||||
| Construction time: | 1929-1930 | |||
| Apartments: | 677 (originally 727) in 50 steps | |||
| Architects: | Karl Hauschka , Alfred Chalousch , Hugo Mayer , Johann Rothmüller , Rudolf Frass , Viktor Mittag , Heinrich Schopper | |||
| Artwork by: | Carl Wollek , Alfred Chalousch , Oskar Thiede , Josef Humplik , Franz Pixner , Hans Vohburger | |||
| Cultural property register of the city of Vienna | ||||
| Municipal housing Goethehof in the digital cultural property register of the City of Vienna (PDF file) | ||||
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The Goethehof is a community building in the Kaisermühlen district in the 22nd district of Donaustadt in Vienna . When it opened in 1932, it was one of the largest communal residential complexes in Vienna. During the February fighting in 1934 it was one of the centers of the social democratic uprising and was set on fire by the military. Today the listed Goethehof with 677 apartments is the largest municipal housing in Kaisermühlen.
history
Construction and opening
In Red Vienna between the wars produced numerous municipal residential buildings, 32 of them beyond the Danube . The area of today's Kaisermühlen was originally a meadow landscape on the banks of the then unregulated Danube. After the Danube regulation carried out from 1870 to 1875 , this area was suitable for building projects. In 1927 the municipality of Vienna acquired an area from the Weiss family in the area of the former Spitalhäufels , which, like the rest of Kaisermühlen, still belonged to the 2nd district of Leopoldstadt at that time . In 1929, construction of the Goethehof began here in the so-called Weissau . The naming after Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in memory of the 100th anniversary of his death in 1932 was decided by the Vienna City Council in September 1931. On April 10, 1932, the already populated Goethehof was officially opened by the Mayor of Vienna, Karl Seitz . With 727 apartments, it was the largest “people's home” in what is now the Danube city; it only lost this rank in 1963 to a community building in Hartlebengasse. At the time of its opening, 1681 adults and 1512 children lived in the Goethehof. Among other things, it had a youth home, a library and a detached kindergarten in the Bauhaus style , which was completed by the architects Singer & Dicker after the death of Hugo Mayer in 1930 and was the first Montessori kindergarten created by the municipality of Vienna . When in the school year 1933/34 the elementary and secondary school at Schüttauplatz did not have enough space for additional classes that had become necessary, two classes were accommodated in the Goethehof.
Time of Austrofascism and National Socialism
In April 1932, shortly after the opening of the Goethehof, there were - in some cases violent - clashes between the National Socialists and the residents, who were mostly social-democratic. On the occasion of the success of the NSDAP in the state parliament and municipal council elections in Vienna on April 24, 1932 , National Socialists hoisted a swastika flag at the Goethehof and defended it for a whole day with the help of around 200 like-minded people, something similar happened about a year later, with a number of SA people guarded the flags. During the February fights in 1934 , the Goethehof was one of the centers of the uprising against the disarmament of the Social Democratic Schutzbündler ordered by Engelbert Dollfuss . After refugees from Kagran and the surrounding area were also taken in here, the building was shot at by the military with machine guns on February 14th. The only air raid during this civil war was flown against the Goethehof by Godwin Brumowski . Also from the Volkswehrplatz (today: Mexikoplatz ) on the other side of the Danube, howitzers and cannons were fired at the building. Large parts of the building caught fire, the Goethehof café , the library and some apartments were completely destroyed. The fighting lasted all night, after which on the morning of February 15 the Schutzbund raised white flags and surrendered.
The era of National Socialism also left its mark on the Goethehof. After the " Anschluss of Austria ", numerous Jewish tenants, as in many other community buildings, were evicted. In the kindergarten, part of the Montessori equipment was destroyed by vandals as early as 1934; the remnants that were still intact were destroyed in 1938 by "statutory ordinance". The youth home, which has been used as a chapel since 1934, was converted into a crowd space for the Hitler Youth and, by order of the National Socialist Cultural Office, a bronze plaque with a relief and a saying by Walther von der Vogelweide was attached to the facade on Schüttaustraße, which still exists today.
Recent past and present
In the 1970s, the green space in the central courtyard was converted into a parking lot. Until 1982 tram lines operated on Schüttaustraße in front of the Goethehof; these were replaced by buses on the occasion of the opening of the Kaisermühlen underground station . In 1987 and 1988, individual renovation measures were carried out at the Goethehof, and in 2010 the kindergarten was renovated. A general renovation has been carried out since 2014, including the roof being re-covered and doors and windows being replaced. In addition, elevators and intercom systems will be installed, the balconies will be renovated, a new playground will be built and the facade will be equipped with a thermal insulation composite system. 119 new apartments are to be created as a result of the loft extension, and two senior citizens' shared apartments are also planned. A ornithological interesting aspect of the renovation work is the consideration of the property protected species martin , which have nests in Goethehof at multiple sites. It is planned that the work should be completed by 2019. [outdated]
General
The listed residential complex is bordered by Schüttaustraße, Schödlbergergasse and Weissauweg, and on the north-western side by a green area and a ball playground. To the north of the Goethehof there is a storage meadow on the banks of the Kaiserwasser. The building comprises 50 staircases, which are grouped around three inner courtyards, the two of which are planted on the sides.
The former Montessori kindergarten in the north-western inner courtyard is now run by the City of Vienna as a kindergarten for 0 to 6 year olds. The only remaining piece of interior architecture that did not fall victim to the destruction of 1934 and 1938 is a green tiled washbasin niche in the staircase of the kindergarten. At Stiege 9 there was once a youth care center, today there is a section bar of the SPÖ and a pensioners' club. The original SPÖ bar at Stiege 43 was used as a hospice or emergency hospital during the Second World War; there is currently a laundry room here. Today a community center of the Evangelical Church AB is housed in the premises of the former drip bath . The individual shops and other facilities along Schüttaustraße have also changed over time. In the former dairy grocer's at the northwest end there is now a nail salon. The premises of the former tuberculosis welfare office were used as a KPÖ party venue after World War II, and later until 2012 by the Kaisermühlner Werkl cabaret . They are currently again hosting KPÖ-related associations and the Werkl cultural initiative in the Goethehof . A restaurant run by the Wiener Kinderfreunde was meanwhile used by the Goethehof café , which burned out during the February fights in 1934. After that the Café Winter was located here , today the children’s friends use the premises again. A former shop of the consumer cooperative , which became a consumer branch in the second half of the 20th century , currently houses the Kaisermühlen nursing hospital association . The premises of a former butcher, a hairdresser and a tobacconist are currently not in use. The original library at the south-eastern end still serves this purpose today; a branch of the Vienna libraries is housed here.
In the Goethehof, as in many other municipal buildings in Vienna, small metal brackets for flags were originally attached to the side of the window. The red flags with the three arrows of the Social Democrats were available from the caretaker or in the SPÖ party club for a donation and were attached to the windows on May 1st . The brackets were removed during renovations in the 1970s or 1980s. As a relic from bygone days, there is still a doorbell button for "those arriving late" at the side entrance in Schödlbergergasse. Once only the caretaker had keys to the courtyard entrances, which were locked between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. If a tenant wanted to go to the Goethehof during this period, he had to ring the bell for the caretaker and pay them a "blocking fee".
Architecture and art in construction
The middle section of the Goethehof, located on Schüttaustraße, is set far back, with three figures by Carl Wollek , a dancer and two musicians above the entrance . The open entrance (or exit to Kaiserwasser) on the opposite side of the main courtyard is flanked by two pylon-like residential towers. At a southeast corner of the facade facing Schüttaustraße is a sundial with ceramic zodiac reliefs, which was designed by the architect Alfred Chalousch and implemented by the sculptor Oskar Thiede . The bronze relief Eternal Harvest on a northwest corner of the facade was made by Josef Humplik and was installed during the National Socialist era. At the edge of the green area belonging to the kindergarten is a natural stone sculpture created by Hans Vohburger in 1930, which depicts the Pied Piper of Hameln . An artistically designed commemorative plaque to commemorate the February fights in 1934 was made by Franz Pixner in 1984 in the area of the main entrance . There is also a Goethe memorial plaque in the passage of the main entrance.
Cultural and media
The Goethehof is one of the locations of the television series Kaisermühlen Blues , developed by Ernst Hinterberger , which was broadcast in seven seasons from 1992 to 1999. However, the main characters in the series live in the Schüttauhof on Schiffmühlenstrasse . The Schüttauhof owes its colloquial name "Alter Neubau" to the fact that the Goethehof was built a few years after it.
literature
- Hans and Rudolf Hautmann: The Municipal Housing of Red Vienna 1919-1934 , Vienna 1980
- Dehio-Handbuch Wien X. to XIX. and XXI. to XXIII. District, Verlag Anton Schroll & Co, 1996. ISBN 3-7031-0693-X .
Web links
- Goethehof in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
- Goethehof. In: dasrotewien.at - Web dictionary of the Viennese social democracy. SPÖ Vienna (Ed.)
- Goethehof between the idyllic village and the metropolis (PDF, 5.1 MB)
- The opening of the Goethehof in Kaisermühlen. In: Arbeiter-Zeitung , April 11, 1932, p. 2 (online at ANNO ).
- Goethe-Hof: "I only live there" ( derStandard.at , May 29, 2010)
Individual evidence
- ↑ A Goethe and a Haydn court in Vienna. In: Salzburger Wacht. Social democratic organ for Salzburg / Salzburger Wacht. Organ for the entire working people in Kronlande / Lande Salzburg , September 17, 1931, p. 4 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ The municipal Montessori kindergarten in the Goethe-Hof. In: The interesting sheet / Wiener Illustrierte , January 12, 1933, p. 14 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Expansion of the elementary and secondary school in Schüttauplatz. In: Arbeiter-Zeitung , July 27, 1933, p. 5 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ The Nazis break in .... In: Arbeiter-Zeitung , April 17, 1932, p. 9 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ The Nazi attack on the Goethehof. In: Arbeiter-Zeitung , June 9, 1932, p. 8 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Two hundred against two thousand. In: Kleine Volks-Zeitung , August 2, 1938, p. 10 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ Hitler celebration in the Goethehof. In: Arbeiter-Zeitung , April 21, 1933, p. 7 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ On Thursday night. In: Alpenländische Morgen-Zeitung , February 16, 1934, p. 1 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ Stolen youth homes become chapels. In: Arbeiter-Zeitung , November 11, 1934, p. 5 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ New youth in new homes. In: Neues Wiener Tagblatt. Democratic organ / Neues Wiener Abendblatt. Evening edition of the (") Neue Wiener Tagblatt (") / Neues Wiener Tagblatt. Evening edition of the Neue Wiener Tagblatt / Wiener Mittagsausgabe with Sportblatt / 6 o'clock evening paper / Neues Wiener Tagblatt. Neue Freie Presse - Neues Wiener Journal / Neues Wiener Tagblatt , May 4, 1939, p. 32 (online at ANNO ).
- ↑ The latest services and tenders from the Vienna Cultural Office. In: Neues Wiener Tagblatt. Democratic organ / Neues Wiener Abendblatt. Evening edition of the (") Neue Wiener Tagblatt (") / Neues Wiener Tagblatt. Evening edition of the Neue Wiener Tagblatt / Wiener Mittagsausgabe with Sportblatt / 6 o'clock evening paper / Neues Wiener Tagblatt. Neue Freie Presse - Neues Wiener Journal / Neues Wiener Tagblatt , August 27, 1939, p. 10 (online at ANNO ).
- ^ Vienna - immovable and archaeological monuments under monument protection. ( Memento of October 13, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF), ( CSV ( Memento of October 13, 2017 in the Internet Archive )). Federal Monuments Office , as of June 23, 2017.