Friedl Dicker-Brandeis

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Friedl Dicker (1916)

Friedl Dicker-Brandeis , also Friedl Dicker , Friedericke Dicker-Brandeis and Friederike Dicker-Brandeis, and in Czech Bedriška (Friederike) Brandeisova (born July 30, 1898 in Vienna , Austria-Hungary ; died October 9, 1944 in Auschwitz ) was one Austrian painter , designer, craftswoman and interior designer .

Live and act

Friedl Dicker was the only child of the stationery seller Simon Dicker (1857–1942) and his wife Karoline, née Fanta (1865–1902). Her stepmother was Charlotte Dicker, née Schön (1866–1943). She grew up in a middle-class Jewish family and attended the Viennese school for girls from 1909 to 1912. From 1912 to 1914 Friedl Dicker did an apprenticeship in photography and reproduction technology at the Graphic Education and Research Institute in Vienna . She then attended the textile class at the Vienna School of Applied Arts from 1914 to 1916. The art pedagogue Franz Cizek (1865–1946) was one of her teachers there. From 1916 to 1919 Friedl Dicker studied at Johannes Itten's (1888–1967) private art school in Vienna. When Johannes Itten took up a teaching position at the Bauhaus in Weimar in October 1919 , several of his Viennese students were waiting for him there, including Friedl Dicker, Franz Singer (1896–1954), Margit Téry and Anny Wottitz .

In Weimar Friedl Dicker had contact with numerous artists such as Walter Gropius (1883–1969), Oskar Schlemmer (1888–1943) and Paul Klee (1879–1940). Together with Franz Singer, she designed numerous costumes and sets for theaters in Berlin and Dresden between 1920 and 1924 . After completing her studies in September 1923, she founded the fine arts workshops with Franz Singer in Berlin-Friedenau and, from 1926, the Singer & Dicker joint studio in Vienna . Friedl Dicker mainly worked there in the field of interior design .

In private, the relationship between the two artists was complicated and full of conflicts. Franz Singer was married to the singer Emmy Heim (1885–1954) from 1921 . He had a long-term love affair with Friedl Dicker, during which she became pregnant several times. However, since he did not want a child with her, she was forced to have an abortion every time . In 1931 the two separated and Friedl Dicker opened his own studio in Vienna.

Friedl Dicker had been a member of the Communist Party since 1931 . In 1934 she was arrested for communist activities. After her release in 1936 , she emigrated to Prague . There she married her cousin Pavel Brandeis in April 1936 and became a Czech citizen. In Prague she continued her artistic and interior design work with her former Bauhaus colleague Grete Bauer-Fröhlich . In 1938 Friedl Dicker-Brandeis and her husband moved to Hronov . Both worked in the B. Spiegler & Sons textile factory.

In September 1942 the couple were deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto . Here Friedl Dicker-Brandeis still managed to organize drawing courses for children. In 1944 the couple were transferred to the Auschwitz concentration camp . Friedl Dicker-Brandeis was gassed there at the age of 46 . Her husband Pavel Brandeis survived the Holocaust .

honors and awards

The joint work with Franz Singer has received several awards and was shown, among other things, in the exhibition Modern interior fittings at the Austrian Museum of Applied Arts .

In 2019, an area of ​​the WeiberWirtschaft that arithmetically no longer has any bank debts was named after Dicker.

plant

Portrait of a Woman (1940)
Portrait of a Man

Dicker-Brandeis is known for her political art. She took up current and burning issues in the political debate and positioned herself on them in a subtle and complex manner. She uses the collage of newspaper headlines from the German and international press, her own and press photos. Themes of her art were the ideology of consumerism , poverty of the working class , the development of the Soviet Union , the development of the bourgeoisie towards fascism and the rise of National Socialism .

In her series of works, Interrogation , she processed her own experiences of internment and abuse. Dicker "succeeds in dissolving the figurative into abstraction, as if this offered protection for the prisoners from being exposed to violence - an opportunity to evade and flee."

Pictures (selection)

  • 1918: untitled, (13)
  • around 1919–1923: Form and sound study, (6)
  • around 1919–1923: untitled, (38)
  • around 1919–1923: St. Peter, (35)
  • around 1920: portrait of a woman, (1)
  • around 1920: portrait of a man, (2)
  • around 1920: landscape, (5)
  • around 1920: Flirting Couple I, Flirting Couple II and Flirting Couple III, (30, 31, 32)
  • around 1920: Seated person with wings I and seated person with wings II, (27, 28)
  • around 1920: draft for an invitation, (20)
  • 1920: Invitation to the first Bauhaus evening: reading by Else Lasker-Schüle, (23)
  • 1920–1921: four studies on "Anna Selbdritt", (9, 10, 16, 17)
  • 1921: Design of a page from "Utopia", (24)
  • around 1934–1936: Begonias on the windowsill, (60)
  • around 1934–1936: view of the Vltava, (49)
  • around 1934–1936: street view Prag- Nusle , (51)
  • around 1934–1938: dream, (70)
  • 1934: Interrogation I, (64)
  • around 1935–1936: children in the zoo, (68)
  • around 1936–1937: view out of the window in Franzensbad , (52)
  • around 1937–1938: Gypsy with child, (47)
  • around 1938–1940: Portrait of Maria Brandeis, (42)
  • around 1938–1942: street to the Protestant cemetery, (54)
  • 1938: Fuchs learns Spanish, (65)
  • 1939: Pavel and Maria Brandeis, (45)
  • 1939: View of Ostas , (58)
  • around 1940: Fuchs learns Spanish, (67)
  • around 1940: Landscape with Moldau, (59)
  • 1940: self-portrait in the car, (44)
  • 1940: Still life with brushes, bottles and leaves, (62)
  • around 1943–1944: view in Theresienstadt, (78)
  • around 1943–1944: view of Theresienstadt, (76)
  • around 1943–1944: view from the corridor window in house L410 (children's home), (77)
  • around 1943–1944: Portrait of a woman, (71)
  • around 1943–1944: portrait of a man, (72)
  • around 1943–1944: portrait of a young man, (73)
  • 1944: bouquet with keys, (79)
  • 1944: Child Face, (75)

Works and drafts (selection)

→ List of works in the article Franz Singer (architect)

Exhibitions (selection)

literature

  • Elena Makarova: Friedl Dicker-Brandeis. A life dedicated to art and teaching . Christian Brandstaetter Publishing House, Vienna, Munich, 1999.
  • Elena Makarova: Dicker-Brandeis, Friedl . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 27, Saur, Munich a. a. 2000, ISBN 3-598-22767-1 , pp. 170 f.
  • Ulrike Müller: The smart women of Weimar. Mistresses, salon ladies, writers and artists . Elisabeth Sandmann Verlag GmbH, Munich (1st edition 2007).
  • Charlotte Zwiauer: Dicker-Brandeis, Friedl. In: Brigitta Keintzel, Ilse Korotin (ed.): Scientists in and from Austria. Life - work - work. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2002, ISBN 3-205-99467-1 , pp. 133-135.
  • Werner Röder; Herbert A. Strauss (Ed.): International Biographical Dictionary of Central European Emigrés 1933-1945 . Volume 2.1. Munich: Saur, 1983 ISBN 3-598-10089-2 , p. 215 f.
  • Friedl Dicker . In: Patrick Rössler , Elizabeth Otto : Women at the Bauhaus. Pioneering modern artists. Knesebeck, Munich 2019. ISBN 978-3-95728-230-9 . Pp. 12-16.

Web links

Commons : Friedl Dicker-Brandeisová  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Franz Singer. In: Architects Lexicon Vienna 1770–1945. Published by the Architekturzentrum Wien . Vienna 2007.
  2. ↑ Ulrike Müller: The clever women of Weimar . Elisabeth Sandmann Verlag GmbH, Munich (1st edition 2007), page 140.
  3. ^ Friedl Dicker: Weiberwirtschaft. Retrieved December 29, 2019 .
  4. ↑ a b Olaf Peters in: Olaf Peters (Hrsg.): Before the Fall - German and Austrian Art of the 1930s. Prestel 2018, ISBN 978-3-7913-5760-7 , p. 208.
  5. ^ Katrin Fritzsch: Friedl Dicker-Brandeis. Bauhaus student, painter, teacher. Diploma thesis, University of Vienna, 2010, 126 p., Reproductions: p. 83–107 (PDF; 3.7 MB), accessed on October 23, 2012.
personal data
SURNAME Dicker-Brandeis, Friedl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian painter, craftswoman and interior designer
DATE OF BIRTH July 30, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna
DATE OF DEATH October 9, 1944
Place of death Auschwitz concentration camp