Border between Estonia and Latvia
The border between Estonia and Latvia is 339 kilometers long, plus 205 kilometers of the maritime border. After the restoration of the republics of Latvia and Estonia, an agreement on the state border was agreed on March 20, 1992 in Valga and ratified on June 9, 1992 in Riga . For the most part, the border between the former republics of the Soviet Union , the Latvian SSR and the Estonian SSR , was retained. The technical implementation was completed in 1999.
The border begins at the border triangle of Estonia, Latvia and Russia west of Stuborova , 80 m northeast of the Laikupe / Lätioja confluence in the Pededze and extends to the Baltic coast, where it ends on the beach between Ainaži ( German Hainasch ) and Ikla ( German Ikel ) . The common border of the territories ends 22.2 kilometers west in the Baltic Sea . The unusually long sea border results from the fact that it leads southwest in the middle of the water around the island of Ruhnu , which now belongs to Estonia . The protected area Gretagrund ( Estonian Gretagrundi hoiuala) is located in the sea area south-southeast of the island .
Since both states belong to the European Union and the Schengen Agreement , the limit is only important for traffic if different road traffic regulations are observed.
history
The Baltic countries have long been coveted territories for their changing neighbors. Therefore, affiliations and boundaries often changed. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, both countries fought for their independence and formed modern states with a peacefully agreed border, which after joining the European Union has only administrative significance.
Border crossings
Between 1991 and 2007 there were border controls between the countries, which were abandoned after the two countries joined the Schengen Agreement in December 2007 , which made it possible to cross the border without restriction.
An uncontrolled transition between the two countries is possible at every accessible point. Markings by border posts or signs on the roadside are only available at greater distances outside of densely populated areas and main traffic routes. Remains of border fortifications can only be seen in a few places.
The list documents a past situation, but marks transitions that are of tourist or historical importance for international traffic.
economy
Since joining the EU, there is no longer a customs border between the two countries, which makes the exchange of goods much easier. There are only minor differences in consumer prices. The Estonians only like to go shopping for alcoholic beverages in Latvia, where numerous specialty shops have opened near the border since 2016. Even Finns who previously met their alcohol needs in Estonia sometimes travel to Latvia to shop.
Economic migration
After Latvia and Estonia joined the European Union, a population migration can be observed in the border regions, the general direction of which is north. For example, Estonian citizens migrate from rural areas in southern Estonia to the vicinity of Tallinn and Tartu and from there to Finland in search of work . Their jobs are taken over by residents of the Latvian border communities, as the standard of living and social security in Latvia are lower than in Estonia.
Remarks
- ↑ a b These jointly erected border posts mark the course of the border almost along the entire border . At the upper end, panels with coats of arms and inscriptions point to the area of the respective state.
- ↑ In the Gulf of Riga , the border of the sovereign territory is formed by the island of Ruhnu south around Gretagrund and as the center line between the Estonian island and the Latvian Cape Kolka . This results in the unusually long maritime border between the states.
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↑ Also the most easterly point of the Estonian-Latvian border.
The historic three-country corner, which has been restored since Estonia's independence in 1991, inherited the three-country point of the Soviet republics that emerged in 1945 from the original triangle of Estonia, Latvia and Russia. This was created for the first time in 1920 with the independence of Latvia and until the Second World War it lay on the center line of the Pededze River about 90 m above the Laikupe estuary. Until the middle of the 20th century this was on the west bank, which is marked by the Estonian-Latvian boundary stone № 46 + 1379. The Latvia-Russia border meets it with a bearing of 40 °.- Eesti ja Läti piir document on demarcation
- Country triangle map
- Robežsardzes izveidošana 1919–1940 , establishment of border guards ( Latvian )
- ↑ There are visas and residence permits that restrict cross-border traffic, e.g. B. for citizens of states that do not belong to the Schengen area. In these cases, an uncontrolled border crossing would be illegal.
- ↑ At the transition, the Latvian bicycle route LV2 also merges into the Estonian route 1 .
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↑ A decorative monument "Baltās naktis" stands next to the road at the border crossing. It is supposed to demonstrate the northernmost point in the country. The actual northernmost point of Latvia is approx. 930 m away ICIN2
- Kur ir Latvijas centrs? Where is the Latvian Center? In: NeoGeo.lv. March 15, 2010, accessed May 30, 2019 (Latvian).
- Latvijas galējā Ziemeļu dota zīme "Baltās naktis". Latvia's northernmost monument “White Nights”. Mapio.net, sro, accessed May 30, 2019 (Latvian).
- Ivars Strautnieks: Latvijas galējie doti. Latvia's extreme points. In: Nacionālā enciklopēdija. May 3, 2019, accessed May 30, 2019 (Latvian).
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↑ Former level crossing
- Lea Margus: Endise kitsarööpmelise raudtee tammidele rajatakse keskkonnasõbralik turismimarsruut. An environmentally friendly tourist route is being built on the former narrow-gauge railway embankments. Lõuna-Eesti Postimees, May 13, 2017, accessed May 30, 2019 (Estonian).
- Kur ir Latvijas centrs? Where is the Latvian Center? In: NeoGeo.lv. March 15, 2010, accessed May 30, 2019 (Latvian).
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↑ At the border you can see the sculpture "Baltijas Ceļš", which reminds of the 650 km long human chain " Baltic Way " on August 23, 1989:
- Baltijas ceļam veltītā piemiņas zīme. A monument to the Baltic Way. In: Andris Dukurs. Lauku ceļotājs, accessed on May 31, 2019 (Latvian): “One of the few places in the open air where people from three countries - Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia - show the globally unique“ Baltic Way ”together in a chain. The monument has been at the former border crossing on the Latvian-Estonian border since August 23, 2009, the 20th anniversary of Baltijas Ceasš . "
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↑ In the two-state border town there are several roads that lead across the border. Corresponding markings can often be found (signs, border posts). The European cycle route R1 and EV11 also lead through the middle of the city, although some of them are signposted with the numbers of the national cycle routes, such as LV2 and the Estonian routes 3, 4, 6 and 14 that start in the city.
- Everything about cycling in Lithuania - Latvia - Estonia. BaltiCCycle Partner, 2019, accessed on May 21, 2019 (de / en).
- Europe cycle route R1. Bike tour wiki, accessed on May 31, 2019 .
- ↑ Valga is an international railway junction. Since April 2008, three international trains have been running daily. The railway line Hummuli ( German Hummelshof ) - Tartu - Riga is connected to the main line Tallinn - Narva - St. Petersburg via Tapa ( German Taps ) .
- ↑ The Estonian cycle route 4 leads to Ape.
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↑ bridge over Peeli Jõgi : Regional significant hiking and cycling on both sides of the border
- Paganamaa õpperajad. Paganamaa nature trails. RMK Elistvere loomapark, 2019, accessed May 31, 2019 (Estonian).
- ↑ Latvian border building now used as a supermarket for spirits
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↑ price index:
- Estonia ≈ 79.4
- Latvia ≈ 72.0
- for comparison
- Germany ≈ 101.5
- EU Ø 100
Individual evidence
- ↑ Latvijas valsts Robeza (Latvijas-Igaunijas Robeza). German Latvian state border (Latvian-Estonian border) . Nacionālā Enciklopēdija, January 24, 2019, accessed May 29, 2019 (Lithuanian).
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↑ That applies abroad. ADAC, May 27, 2019, accessed on May 29, 2019 . Road safety. European Commission , 2019, accessed May 29, 2019 .
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↑ Prof. Dr. Michael Garleff: The Germans in the history of the Baltic countries. In: OWEP 1/2006. 2006, accessed May 29, 2019 . Brief history of the Baltic states. In: From Politics and Contemporary History (APuZ 8/2017). bpb , February 17, 2017, accessed June 1, 2019 .
- ↑ Latvia joins Schengen Zone. In: www.mfa.gov.lv. January 2, 2019, accessed May 23, 2019 .
- ↑ Ikel / Haynasch border crossing
- ↑ Annemägi
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^ A b Rudolf Hermann, Stockholm: Estonia has miscalculated the increase in its alcohol tax. The increase in alcohol tax has not brought Estonia more money or fewer alcoholics. Beer and schnapps are now being bought in nearby Latvia. And even the hard-drinking Finns are no longer coming. NZZ , October 12, 2017, accessed on June 1, 2019 . For a schnapps to Latvia. INFOBALT association, Bremen, November 25, 2016, accessed on June 1, 2019 .
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↑ Алексей СОЛОДОВ: Население латвийской Валки массово «переезжает» в Эстонию. The Latvian population is massively drawn to Estonia. Новости 24, accessed June 1, 2019 (in Russian). Ключевые слова: Тенденция: Жители Валки декларируются в Валге, чтобы получать большоие семейные палге. Trend: residents of Valka should receive large family benefits in Valga. Новости 24, February 12, 2016, accessed June 1, 2019 (Russian). Жители Валки массово переселяются в Эстонию "юридически" из-за детских пособий. Valki residents are moving massively “legally” to Estonia because of child benefits. February 13, 2019, Retrieved September 1, 2019 (Russian).
Web links
- → List of borders in Europe
- Focus: The Baltic States. In: OWEP 1/2006. 2006, accessed May 29, 2019 .
- Parīzes Miera konferences Latvijas delegācijas Miera konferencei adresētais memorands. Memorandum of the Latvian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference. HISTORIA.LV, February 17, 2003, accessed June 1, 2019 (Latvian).
- Hugh Wallis: Estonia and its borders with Russia and Latvia. 2007, accessed on June 26, 2019 .
Map with all coordinates: 
