List of borders in Europe

This list of state borders in Europe includes all states that are wholly or partly in Europe, as well as the length of the borders with all their neighboring states.

As international border act imaginary lines by either geographical description (ridge, water, local conditions, etc.) through agreed or waste or demarcation are fixed. By drawing borders between states, on the one hand, the territorial integrity of a state vis-à-vis its neighborhood is secured; on the other hand, it serves to precisely define the spatial scope of the respective state legal system.

State borders are drawn both on land and at sea ( 12-mile zone ) or through inland waters. If parts of the territory of a state are enclosed by other states, one speaks of enclaves or enclaves , depending on the perspective .

In Europe, the borders between the states of the European Union , mostly identical to Schengen members , no longer have any dividing significance. At the external borders of the EU and between non-members, the demarcation lines are clearly expanded and secured. There are also special safeguards between NATO and CSTO members .     

list

Legend

• ^ѻ Although both countries are members of the EU, at least one of the neighboring countries has a non-€ currency.
• ^€ The currency of both countries is the euro, although at least one neighboring country is not a member of the EU.
• ^€ The currency of both countries is the euro
• ^↔Both states accept the Schengen Agreement , although at least one of the neighboring countries is not a member of the EU.
• ^≠Although both neighboring countries are members of the EU, at least one country does not accept the Schengen Agreement .
• ^‡Although both neighboring countries are members of the EU, at least one country does not accept the Schengen Agreement and has a non-€ currency.
•   EU external border (without special agreement)
•   Schengen external border (without special agreement)
• Sea borders are potential external borders

Memberships in the alliances relevant to the European community of states:

Membership listed

not listed

EU  (European Union) EURO EFTA  (European Free Trade Association) CEFTA  (Central European Free Trade Agreement) Participant in the Schengen Agreement NATO  (North Alantic Treaty Organization) CIS  (Commonwealth of Independent States) CSTO  (Collective Security Treaty Organization)

Europe rates except for Belarus UNO all except the Holy See UNESCO , members are all except Liechtenstein. WTO  (World Trade Organization) ⮩ Belarus, some Balkan countries and the Holy See have observer status IMF  (International Monetary Fund) , all except Andorra, Liechtenstein and Monaco IAEA  (International Atomic Energy Agency) , all except Andorra, Vatican ICAO  (International Civil Aviation Organization) , all except Liechtenstein, Vatican ITU  (International Telecommunication Union) OSCE  (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe) ⮩ Members are all listed states.

Country	member	Area km²	Limit length		Riparian states	membership	Situation map
			∑ km	km
Albania , Republic of Albania, Albanian Republika e Shqipërisë		28,748	1,051	186	Montenegro
				112	Kosovo
				151	North Macedonia
				282	Greece
				362	Adriatic Sea Ionian Sea
Andorra , Principality of Andorra, Catalan Principat d'Andorra		468	120.3	56.6	↔  €  France
				63.7	↔  €  Spain
Belgium , Kingdom of Belgium, French Royaume de Belgique , Dutch Koninkrijk België		30,528	1,363.5	66.5	North Sea
				478	€  Netherlands
				133	€  Germany
				130	€  Luxembourg
				556	€  France
Bosnia and Herzegovina , Serbian Босна и Херцеговина  Bosna i Hercegovina , Bosnian Bosna i Hercegovina  Bosna i Hercegovina		51.197	1,563	946	Croatia
				345	Serbia
				242	Montenegro
				20th	Adriatic
Bulgaria , Republic of Bulgaria, Bulgarian България  Bǎlgarija		110,879	2,160	605	‡  Romania
				354	Black Sea
				223	Turkey
				472	‡  Greece
				162	North Macedonia
				344	Serbia
Denmark , Kingdom of Denmark, Danish Kongeriget Danmark		43.094	7,454	7,314	North Sea Skagerrak Kattegat Baltic Sea
				140	ѻ  Germany
Germany , Federal Republic of Germany		357.022	6.103	140	ѻ  Denmark
					Baltic Sea
				467	ѻ  Poland
				704	ѻ  Czech Republic
				801	€  Austria
				348	↔  Switzerland
				418	€  France
				128	€  Luxembourg
				133	€  Belgium
				575	€  Netherlands
					North Sea
Estonia , Republic of Estonia, Estonian Eesti Vabariik		45.228	4,427	3,794	Baltic Sea Gulf of Finland
				294	Russia
				339	€  Latvia
Finland , Republic of Finland, Swedish Republics Finland , Finnish Suomen tasavalta		338.145	3.813	709	↔  Norway
				1,309	Russia
				1,250	Gulf of Finland Baltic Sea
				545	ѻ  Sweden
France , French Republic, French République française		643.427	7,604		English Channel
				556	€  Belgium
				418	€  Germany
				69	€  Luxembourg
				525	↔  Switzerland
				476	€  Italy
					Mediterranean Sea
				6th	↔  €  Monaco
				646	€  Spain
				55	↔  €  Andorra
					Biscay Atlantic
Greece , Hellenic Republic, Greek Ελληνική Δημοκρατία  Ellinikí Dimokratía		131,957		494	ѻ  Bulgaria
				206	Turkey
				13,676	Aegean Sea, Carpathian Sea, Ionian Sea
				282	Albania
				246	North Macedonia
Ireland , Irish Poblacht na hÉireann , English Ireland		70.273	443	443	↔  United Kingdom (Northern Ireland)
				1,448	Irish Sea Celtic Sea Atlantic
Iceland , Republic of Iceland, Icelandic Lýðveldið Ísland		103.125	4,970	4,970	North Atlantic
Italy , Italian Republic, Italian Repubblica Italiana		301,340	9,436.4	404	€  Austria
				218	€  Slovenia
				7,600	Adriatic Ionian Sea Mediterranean Tyrrhenian Sea Ligurian Sea
				476	€  France
				698	↔  Switzerland
				37	↔  €  San Marino
				3.4	↔  €  Vatican
Kosovo , Republic of Kosovo, Albanian Republika e Kosovës , Serbian Република Косово  Republika Kosovo		10,908	714	366	Serbia
				160	North Macedonia
				112	Albania
				76	Montenegro
Croatia , Croatian Hrvatska		56,594	8,072	600	ѻ  Slovenia
				348	ѻ  Hungary
				314	Serbia
				956	Bosnia and Herzegovina
				19th	↔ €  Montenegro
				5,835	Adriatic
Latvia , the Republic of Latvia, Latvian Latvijas Republika , Liv Leţmō Vabāmō , Latgalian Latvijas Republika		64,589	1,743	33	€  Estonia
				292	Russia
				332	Belarus
				588	€  Lithuania
				498	Baltic Sea
Liechtenstein , Principality of Liechtenstein		160	75	41	↔  Switzerland
				34	↔  Austria
Lithuania , Republic of Lithuania, Lithuanian Lietuvos Respublika		65,300	1,663	90	Baltic Sea
				588	€  Latvia
				640	Belarus
				104	ѻ  Poland
				261	Russia (Kaliningrad)
Luxembourg , Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Luxembourgish Grand Duchy of Lëtzebuerg , French Grand-Duché de Luxembourg		2,586	327	130	€  Belgium
				128	€  Germany
				69	€  France
Malta , Republic of Malta, Maltese Repubblika ta 'Malta , English Republic of Malta		316	196.8	196.8	Mediterranean Gulf of Tunis
Republic of Moldova , Romanian Republica Moldova , Moldovan Република Молдова  Republica Moldova generally  called Moldavia		33,851	1,885	1,202	Ukraine
				683	Romania
Monaco , Principality of Monaco, French Principauté de Monaco , Ligurian (Romansh) Principatu de Múnegu		2	10.1	6th	↔  €  France
				4.1	Ligurian sea
Montenegro , Croatian Crna Gora , Serbian Црна Гора  Crna Gora		13,812	973.5	242	Bosnia and Herzegovina
				157	Serbia
				76	Kosovo
				186	Albania
				293.5	Adriatic
				19th	Croatia
Netherlands , Kingdom of the Netherlands, West Frisian Keninkryk fan de Nederlannen , Dutch Koninkrijk der Nederlanden		41,543	1,478	451	North Sea
				577	€  Germany
				450	€  Belgium
North Macedonia , Republic of North Macedonia, Macedonian Република Северна Македонија  Republika Severna Makedonija , Albanian Republika e Maqedonisë së Veriut  Republika Severna Makedonija		25,713	838	101	Serbia
				162	Bulgaria
				234	Greece
				181	Albania
				160	Kosovo
Norway , Kingdom of Norway, nynorsk Kongeriket Noreg , bokmål Kongeriket Norge , Northern Sami Norgga gonagasriika		323,802	27,690	25,148	European North Sea Barents Sea in the southwest: North Sea, Skagerrak
				196	Russia
				729	↔  Finland
				1,619	↔  Sweden
Austria , Republic of Austria		83,871	2,524	801	€  Germany
				402	ѻ  Czech Republic
				105	€  Slovakia
				366	ѻ  Hungary
				299	€  Slovenia
				404	€  Italy
				158	↔  Switzerland
				34	↔  Liechtenstein
Poland , Republic of Poland, Polish Rzeczpospolita Polska		312,685	3,511	440	Baltic Sea
				210	Russia (Kaliningrad)
				104	ѻ  Lithuania
				418	Belarus
				535	Ukraine
				541	ѻ  Slovakia
				796	ѻ  Czech Republic
				467	ѻ  Germany
Portugal , Portuguese Republic, Portuguese República Portuguesa		92,090	3,017	1,224	€  Spain
				1,793	North Atlantic
Romania , Romanian România		238.391	2,713	601	Ukraine
				683	Moldova
				225	Black Sea
				605	ѻ  Bulgaria
				531	Serbia
				424	ѻ  Hungary
Russia , Russian Federation, Russian Российская Федерация  Rossijskaja Federazija		3,952,550	3,939		Barents Sea
				≈2,900	Ural	Continental border with Asia
					Caspian Sea
				≈500	Kuma-Manych lowland	Continental border with Asia
					Sea of ​​Azov
				1,944	Ukraine
				1.312	Belarus
				210	Poland
					Baltic Sea
				261	Lithuania
				332	Latvia
				324	Estonia
				1,309	Finland
				191	Norway
San Marino , Republic of San Marino, Italian Repubblica di San Marino		61	39	39	↔  €  Italy
Sweden , Kingdom of Sweden, Swedish Konungariket Sverige		450.295	5,451	1,619	↔  Norway
				614	ѻ  Finland
				≈2,710	Baltic Sea
				≈290	Kattegat
				≈220	North Sea Skagerrak
Switzerland , Swiss Confederation, Italian Confederazione Svizzera , French Confédération suisse , Bündnerromanisch Confederaziun svizra		41,277	1,852	334	↔  Germany
				164	↔  Austria
				41	↔  Liechtenstein
				740	↔  Italy
				573	↔  France
Serbia , Republic of Serbia, Serbian Република Србија  Republika Srbija		88,361	2,322	164	Hungary
				531	Romania
				344	Bulgaria
				101	North Macedonia
				366	Kosovo
				157	Montenegro
				345	Bosnia and Herzegovina
				314	Croatia
Slovakia , Slovak Republic, Slovak Slovenská republika		49,035	1,524	444	ѻ  Poland
				97	Ukraine
				677	ѻ  Hungary
				91	€  Austria
				215	ѻ  Czech Republic
Slovenia , Republic of Slovenia, Slovenian Republika Slovenija		20,273	1,380.6	102	ѻ  Hungary
				670	ѻ  Croatia
				46.6	Adriatic
				232	€  Italy
				330	€  Austria
Spain , Kingdom of Spain, Spanish Reino de España		505.370	6,916.7	646	€  France
				63	↔ €  Andorra
					Mediterranean Sea Balearic Sea Alboran Sea Strait of Gibraltar
				1.2	↔  Gibraltar
				1,224	€  Portugal
					Atlantic Bay of Biscay
Czech Republic , Czech Republic, Czech Česká republika		78,867	2.143	704	ѻ  Germany
				796	ѻ   Poland
				241	ѻ   Slovakia
				402	ѻ   Austria
Turkey , Republic of Turkey, Turkish Türkiye Cumhuriyeti , Kurmanji Komara Tirkiyê		23,764	461	269	Bulgaria
				178	Black Sea
				30th	Bosporus
				347	Sea of ​​Marmara Dardanelles
				205	Mediterranean Sea
				192	Greece
Ukraine , Ukrainian Україна  Ukrajina , Russian Украина  Ukraina		603,550	8,400	1,111	Belarus
				1,944	Russia
				2,782	Sea of ​​Azov Black Sea
				601	Romania
				1,202	Moldova
				97	Slovakia
				128	Hungary
				535	Poland
Hungary , Hungarian Magyarország		93,036	2,106	627	ѻ  Slovakia
				128	Ukraine
				424	ѻ  Romania
				164	Serbia
				348	‡  Croatia
				94	ѻ  Slovenia
				321	ѻ  Austria
United Kingdom , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, English United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , Welsh Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawr a Gogledd Iwerddon , Scots Unitit Kinrick o Great Breetain an Northren Ireland		24.3610	12,862	12,429	North Atlantic North Sea English Channel Celtic Sea Irish Sea
				433	‡  Ireland
Vatican City , Vatican City State, Italian Stato della Città del Vaticano , Latin Status Civitatis Vaticanæ		0.44	3.4	3.4	↔ €  Italy
Belarus , Republic of Belarus, Belarusian Рэспубліка Беларусь  Respublika Belarus		207,595	3,642	161	Latvia
				1.312	Russia
				1,111	Ukraine
				418	Poland
				604	Lithuania
Republic of Cyprus , Greek Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία  Kypriakí Dimokratía		9,251	804	48	€  Akrotiri
				108	€ Dhekelia
				648	Mediterranean Levantine Sea

Maritime borders

As far as possible, starting in the north and continuing clockwise as far as it makes sense.

• Atlantic Ocean:
  • Northern European Sea:
    • Barents Sea: Norway, Russia
• Caspian Sea: (Kazakhstan) , Russia, (Turkmenistan, Iran, Azerbaijan)
• Sea of ​​Azov: Russia, Ukraine
• Black Sea : (Russia, Georgia) , Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey
• Mediterranean Sea:
  • Aegean Sea: Greece, Turkey
  • Levant Sea: Cyprus, (Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Libya)
  • Ionian Sea: Greece
  • Adriatic Sea: Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia, Italy
  • Sea of ​​Sicily : Malta, (Tunisia)
  • Tyrrhenian Sea: Italy, France
  • Ligurian Sea: Italy, Monaco, France
  • Balearic Sea : Spain
  • Alboran Sea , Strait of Gibraltar : Spain, (Morocco)
• Atlantic Ocean:
  • North Atlantic: Portugal, Spain
    • Biscay: Spain, France
  • Irish Sea , Celtic Sea , Scottish Sea : Ireland, United Kingdom
  • Northern European Sea: Iceland, Norway
  • North Sea: Great Britain, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway
  • Baltic Sea: Sweden, Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Denmark

Records

• With its seven neighbors and a total of 5618 km, Ukraine has the longest land border in Europe. Some distance behind are Germany - 3714 km spread over nine neighbors - and Poland - 3071 km, also seven neighbors.
• The longest land border between two European countries has Russia / Ukraine with 1944 km, followed by Sweden / Norway with 1619 km and Russia / Belarus with 1312 km.
• The shortest land borders have Gibraltar / Spain (1.2 km) , Italy / Vatican (3.4 km) , France / Monaco (6 km) , Montenegro / Croatia (19 km) .
• The longest maritime border has Norway (25,148 km) , followed by Greece (13,676 km) and the United Kingdom (12,429 km) . If you orientate yourself on the sovereign territory ( twelve-mile zone ), the borders to be protected are significantly shorter and Italy has a good chance of a place in the top group.
• The shortest sea borders can be found in Monaco (4.1 km) , Bosnia and Herzegovina (20 km) and Slovenia (46.6 km) .
• Countries without direct access to the sea ( landlocked states ) are: Andorra, Kosovo, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Moldova, North Macedonia, Austria, San Marino, Switzerland, Serbia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Vatican City and Belarus.
• Iceland only has the sea as a border and is ≈ 430 km as the crow flies from its closest European neighbor ( Faroe Islands ). It is a little shorter to Greenland , which also belongs to Denmark (≈ 290 km) , but that already belongs to the North American continent.
• Most of the neighboring countries have Germany (9), France, Austria, Russia, Serbia (8 each) and Poland, Ukraine (7 each) .
• Many external borders of the European Union have Russia (5), Switzerland, Serbia, Ukraine (4 each) and Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Belarus (3 each) .

See also

• List of states in the world and their respective neighboring states
• List of countries in Europe
• Countries of Europe

Remarks

1. ↑ in the geographical sense (therefore French overseas territories [North America, Pacific], Ceuta / Madeira [Africa] are not mentioned here)
2. ↑ Memberships in international organizations are only included here if they are of particular importance within Europe .
3. ↑ Belarus has been a candidate for accession to the Council of Europe since 1993. Since 1970 the Holy See has had observer status in the Committee of Ministers
4. ↑ The Holy See (the Vatican's international law structure) has the status of a permanent observer at the General Assembly of the United Nations. With the exception of voting rights, it has the rights of a member state.
5. ↑ The Vatican has observer status with UNESCO
6. ↑ Not a Schengen member state. There are intensive customs controls with neighboring countries France and Spain. Andorran residence permits do not entitle you to transit through the Schengen states. No airports, so no entry by air.
7. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h i} No full member, only observer status
8. ↑ ^{a b c} Applies the Schengen acquis ( Schengen acquis ) been only partially. Accordingly, it does not yet issue a uniform Schengen visa . Until the intended full application of the Schengen Acquis, identity controls at internal borders will remain in place for the time being.
9. ↑ ^{a b} Regulations on the external border are already in force.
10. ↑ ^{a b c} Schengen Agreement ; Which countries are members of the Schengen Agreement? , Federal Foreign Office , accessed on December 19, 2017.
11. ↑ The semi-autonomous areas of Greenland and Faroe Islands have not acceded to the agreement. The border controls, which had already been abolished by the Nordic Passport Union , will remain suspended.
12. ↑ ^{a b c} Land borders: 3,714 km, sea borders (North Sea / Baltic Sea): 2,389 km
13. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Switzerland is not a member of the European Economic Area (EEA). Your relationship with the EU is regulated by bilateral agreements.
14. ↑ Without overseas territories .
15. ↑ ^{a b c d} all land borders: 2,751, all sea borders: 4,853
16. ↑ Not valid for the autonomous monastic republic of Athos .
17. ↑ Land borders: 1,228 + sea borders: 13,676
18. ↑ Limited participation in the Schengen Agreement; only judicial and police cooperation, no abolition of border controls except for the time being between Ireland and Northern Ireland (GB), status summer 2019 .
19. ↑ Not a member of the EU, but a member of the Schengen Agreement as part of the Nordic Passport Union .
20. ↑ Land border: 1,836.4 km Sea border: 7,600 km
21. ↑ Recognition under international law controversial
22. ↑ 2,237 km + 5,835 km sea border
23. ↑ Land border 1,370 km, sea border: 498 km
24. ↑ No EU member, but EEA member , customs union with Switzerland, goods controls at the border with Austria by the Swiss border guards. Complete implementation of all Schengen law. Since Switzerland has not entered into a customs union with the EU, goods controls remain permitted despite the abolition of identity controls.
25. ↑ Land border: 1,549 km, sea border: 90 km
26. ↑ Not a Schengen member state, but there were no border controls with France, the only neighboring country, before. Certain Monegasque residence permits entitle you to use travel rights in the Schengen countries. French authorities carry out passport controls at the port in Monaco
27. ↑ 6.0 km land border with France, 4.1 km sea border
28. ↑ Land border: 680 km, sea border: 293.5 km
29. ↑ Not a member of the EU, but a member of the Schengen Agreement as part of the Nordic Passport Union . The agreement does not apply to Spitzbergen , but there are no border controls there anyway.
30. ↑ The Schengen Agreement includes Madeira and the Azores .
31. ↑ Russia as a whole with Asia: 17,075,400
32. ↑ Russia as a whole with Asia: 60,061
33. ↑ ^{a b c d} Total maritime border of Russia: 37,653
34. ↑ ^{a b} There are several models for delimitation within Eurasia . Russia borders in Asia
    • Azerbaijan (338 km)
    • China (Southeast) (4,133 km)
    • China (South) (46 km)
    • Georgia (894 km)
    • Kazakhstan (7,644 km)
    • North Korea (18 km)
    • Mongolia (3,452 km)
    • Northern Arctic Ocean , Pacific Ocean , Caspian Sea, Sea of ​​Azov
35. ↑ The classic demarcation according to Strahlberg , which had been in force in the Russian Empire and the USSR since 1730 and was also largely accepted internationally. Since the beginning of Vladimir Putin's expansion efforts , the Caucasus ridge has been the preferred continental border in Russia . In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia , the continent border to Strahlberg was entered until the last edition.
36. ↑ Without the annexed Crimea
37. ↑ ^{a b} Kaliningrad Oblast
38. ↑ In parts
39. ↑ Not a Schengen member state, but there were no border controls with Italy's only neighboring country before.
40. ↑ Not an EU member, but full implementation of the entire Schengen law. Since Switzerland has not entered into a customs union with the EU, goods controls at the border remain permitted despite the abolition of identity controls.
41. ↑ Switzerland is not a member of the European Economic Area (EEA). Your relationship with the EU is regulated by bilateral agreements.
42. ↑ Problem with the recognition, Serbia used to have the border with Albania.
43. ↑ With the Canary Islands and the Plazas de soberanía in front of Africa. The areas of Ceuta and Melilla in North Africa have a special status.
44. ↑ land border: 1,952.7 + sea border: 4,964; Further borders in Morocco ( Ceuta ) 8 km, ( Melilla ) 10.5 km and a small border section of 75 m to the Spanish exclave Penon de Velez de la Gomera
45. ↑ Divided in two, interrupted by Andorra
46. ↑ ^{a b} Total sea border 4,964 km
47. ↑ European part of Turkey, about 3% of the country's area
48. ↑ land border with Greece and Bulgaria; Total limit length: 10,016
49. ↑ ^{a b c d e} total land border: 2,816 + sea border (Black and Mediterranean) : 7,200
50. ↑ ^{a b} European side
51. ↑ Bordering on the Asian side of Turkey:
    • Georgia (273 km)
    • Azerbaijan (17 km)
    • Armenia (311 km, )
    • Iran (534 km)
    • Iraq (367 km)
    • Syria (899 km)
52. ↑ The Channel Islands almost border France
53. ↑ Associated with Italy. Not a Schengen state, but there were no border controls with the only neighboring country before. No airport and therefore no possibility of entry by air (exception: helipad in the Vatican Gardens, which is actually only available to the Pope and his fellow travelers.)
54. ↑ ^{a b} As a member of the EU, politically part of Europe, but part of the Asian base.
55. ↑ In italics, the coastal regions of Asia and Africa.
56. ↑ Assuming the demarcation between Europe and Asia according to Strahlberg
57. ↑ Including the Marmara Sea and the Carpathian Sea
58. ↑ Albania and Italy lie south of the Strait of Otranto , also on the Ionian Sea, then the Adriatic.
59. ↑ About 120 km on the Skagerrak
60. ↑ Gibraltar actually belongs to the United Kingdom ( British overseas territory ). If you look at such astray, you should n't forget the 75 m long border between the Spanish exclave Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera and Morocco , which is located in Africa.

Web links

Wikimedia Atlas: List of borders in Europe  - geographical and historical maps

Portal: Europe  - Overview of Wikipedia content on Europe

CIA The World Factbook (State) borders The states and territories of Europe Graphic Europe politically Show how well you are familiar with the national borders in Europe! Where there are still borders in Europe today

What Peaceful Borders Between European Countries Look Like EU Research by Country The world's longest and weirdest borders - and the quickest way to visit every country in the EU The countries of the Schengen area Russia in Europe A border in the middle of Russia's vast expanses: the Urals Russia: geography , map