Grimmbach

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Grimmbach
old upper course name: Steinach
old middle and lower course name: Grümbach
The Grimmbach in its blade before the storm in 2016.

The Grimmbach in its blade before the storm in 2016.

Data
Water code DE : 2386712
location Kocher-Jagst Plains

Baden-Württemberg

River system Rhine
Drain over Kocher  → Neckar  → Rhine  → North Sea
origin Confluence of Elber and Hagenbach :
on the western edge of Obersteinach
49 ° 12 '21 "  N , 9 ° 51' 41"  O
source of Elber :
on the northeast edge of Stettholzes south of Gerabronn -Dünsbach
49 ° 12 '13 "  N , 9 ° 53' 27 ″  O
Source height Confluence of the Elber and Hagenbach rivers :
approx.  431  m above sea level NHN
source of the Elber :
approx.  462  m above sea level NHN
muzzle between Geislingen am Kocher and Braunsbach from the right and east in the middle Kocher coordinates: 49 ° 11 '9 "  N , 9 ° 47' 32"  E 49 ° 11 '9 "  N , 9 ° 47' 32"  E
Mouth height approx.  245.8  m above sea level NHN
Height difference approx. 216.2 m
Bottom slope approx. 19 ‰
length 11.2 km 
from the source of the Elber
  8.4 km
from the confluence of the Elber and Hagenbach rivers
Catchment area 30.365 km²
Small towns Gerabronn , Ilshofen
Communities Braunsbach , Wolpertshausen
Greatly widened streambed of the Grimmbach in September 2016 after the storm on May 29th of this year

Greatly widened streambed of the Grimmbach in September 2016 after the storm on May 29th of this year

The Grimmbach is about 11 km from the source furthest from the mouth, from the confluence of its two source streams over 8 km long brook of the Hohenlohe plain , which flows from the right and east into the middle Kocher near Braunsbach in the district of Schwäbisch Hall in Baden-Württemberg . Its two source streams are called Elber and Hagenbach . Its two largest tributaries are then the Altenberger Grimmbach and the Haßfelder Grimmbach . On May 29, 2016, a major storm caused the stream to overflow its banks and gave its course a different character.

geography

Spring streams

The approximately 2.4 km long right source stream Elber , which shares the river code number with the Grimmbach , arises south of the Gerabronner village Dünsbach on the northeast edge of the forest island Stettholz at about 462  m above sea level. NHN . It moves in a north arch, at the summit of which it touches Dünsbach, west to the Ilshofener village Obersteinach , which it crosses, to then on the western edge with the left Hagenbach at about 431  m above sea level. NHN flow together. This has a length of only 2.0 km, but due to two tributaries a little more catchment area and arises on the southwest edge of the same forest island, it only touches the estuary village in the south.

course

The young Grimmbach moves west into the slowly deepening meadow basin up to the inlet of the Wegwiesengraben at about 416  m above sea level. NHN near the crossing of the road between the Ilshofener hamlets Niedersteinach and Windisch-Brachbach. Here forest begins to fill the valley, which also bends to the south-west and is now deeply deepened. From the last-mentioned hamlet, the Brachbach runs in the middle of this section , after which Waldklinge and Bach turn south around Braunsbach- Elzhausen on the right plateau.

After passing Ilshofen -Altenberg up on the left plateau, the large tributaries of the Altenberger and the Haßfelder Grimmbach , which arise far to the east, flow from this side in quick succession . After the inflow of the last, the Grimmbach flows westward through its meanwhile 150 m deep forest valley, without experiencing any other inflow than from some temporary sloping gullies. Between the upper, left mouth spur Mühlrain and the lower, right mouth spur Galgen , the stream enters the middle Kochertal, immediately crosses under the valley road L 1045 from Geislingen in the south to Braunsbach in the north and immediately afterwards flows on the southwest edge of its old alluvial fan at 245.8  m ü. NHN into the northward flowing Kocher , which gives way to a steep impact slope in front of the cone on the left side of the valley. The stream is 8.4 km long from the confluence of its source branches and 10.8 km from the Elber source further away from the mouth . It flows out about 216 meters below the Elberquelle and thus has a mean bed gradient of about 19 ‰.

Catchment area

The Grimmbach drains an area of ​​about 30 km² between the deeply cut valleys of the Jagst in the northeast, the Bühler in the south and the Kocher in the west to this. The greater part of the catchment area up to the Kocher Valley edge is naturally in the sub-area of Eastern Kocher-Jagst-Riedel , the remainder in the west in the sub-area of Middle Kocher and Lower Bühlertal , which both belong to the natural area of Kocher-Jagst Plains .

Its greatest extent extends from a little east of the source of the Hassfelder Grimmbach, northwest of Ruppertshofen, to the mouth about 8 km from it in the west; across it it is about 5.3 km wide at the widest point between Langenburg -Nesselbach in the north and Wolpertshausen in the south.

The watershed is often not very pronounced on the plateau in the north and in the east, where the upper reaches of the Grimmbach, like the rivals on the other side, are flat hollows, only separated by low hills. On the eastern edge, near the sources of Hagenbach and Elber, is the highest point in the Stettwald at around 475.9  m above sea level. NHN . It becomes unmistakable on the lower reaches of the river, where, in addition to the lower blades of the Grimmbach and its left branch, Hassfelder Grimmbach, the Orlacher Bach and the deep side valley of the Bühler run close by.

Across the northwestern watershed between the mouth and the village of Nesselbach, the Orlacher Bach runs to the Kocher. The subsequent north northeast border to the south edge of Gerabronn - Dünsbach runs very close to the valley of the Jagst which accommodates only small inflows, an incipient in Nesselbach by the piercing Berg blade , the Völkersbach which opens into Langenburgstraße small obstacles and the influent in Kleinforst Dünsbach from the place of the same name.

Then the watershed bends to the south, in front of it in the east the small Leofelser Bach runs to the Jagst, then the Scherrbach near Ruppertshofen drains a noticeably larger brook system a little higher up there. The watershed to the much larger, directly upstream Kocher tributary Bühler in the south marks the course of the A 6 from Ilshofen in the direction of the Kochertal bridge in the landscape quite precisely; on the first stretch to Wolpertshausen, its large tributary Schmerach is the closest competitor, then apart from the Bühler itself on a section of the Klingenbach in Cröffelbach which flows into this .

Tributaries and lakes

List of tributaries and RiverIcon-SmallLake.svglakes from source to mouth. Length of water, lake area, catchment area and altitude according to the corresponding layers on the LUBW online map. Other sources for the information are noted.

Origin of the Grimmbach on the western edge of Ilshofen -Obersteinach through the confluence of the Elber and Hagenbach at around 431  m above sea level. NHN . The stream initially runs west.

  • Elber , right main line upper course, 2.7 km and 1.5 km². Arises on the northeast edge of the Stettholz south of Gerabronn -Dünsbach at about 462  m above sea level. NHN .
  • Side line upper course Hagenbach , from the left, 2.0 km and 1.7 km². Arises on the southwest edge of the Stettholz at about 464  m above sea level. NHN .
    • Sandelsbronner Bach , from the left on the south-eastern outskirts of Obersteinach at about 442  m above sea level. NHN , 0.7 km and approx. 0.5 km². Arises on the northern edge of Sandelsbronn at about 458  m above sea level. NHN .
    • Limbach , from the left on the southern edge of Obersteinach to about 438  m above sea level. NHN , 0.5 km and approx. 0.2 km². Arises at about 452  m above sea level. NHN .
  • Weilergraben , from the right in front of the Obersteinacher sewage treatment plant at about 428  m above sea level. NHN , 1.0 km and approx. 1.0 km². Arises in the Weilerwiesen at about 443  m above sea level. NHN . Upper course unstable.
    The course bends at this tributary to the southwest and the stream enters its forest edge.
  • Wegwiesengraben , from the right between Windisch-Brachbach and Niedersteinach opposite the north-eastern tip of the Weckholz at about 416  m above sea level. NHN , 1.4 km and about 2.3 km².
    • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows at a little over 440  m above sea level. NHN west of Söllbot on the northeastern edge of the Franconian wood, two ponds of 0.5 ha and 0.4 ha, one behind the other.
  • Hofwiesenbach , from the right to about 409  m above sea level. NHN , 0.8 km and approx. 0.5 km².
    • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows at about 448  m above sea level. NHN north of Niedersteinbach a 0.1 hectare pond.
    • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgFlows through at about 436  m above sea level. NHN near Niedersteinach a pond of less than 0.1 ha.
  • Brachbach , from the left southeast of Niedersteinach at 405.5  m above sea level. NHN , 1.8 km and 1.3 km². Arises about 400 m southeast of the outskirts of Windisch-Brachbach at about 447  m above sea level. NHN .
    On the next kilometer of flow, the Grimmbach turns south.
    • (Longer source branch), from the right on the south-eastern edge of Windisch-Brachbach to about 438  m above sea level. NHN , 0.7 km and approx. 0.3 km². Arises about 600 m east of the hamlet at about 452  m above sea level. NHN . The official source branch is less than 0.4 km long and has only a partial catchment area of ​​approx. 0.2 km² up to this point.
  • (Bach through the Sperbersklinge ), from the left between Ilshofen-Altenberg and Braunsbach -Elzhausen at 348.8  m above sea level. NHN , 2.2 km and approx. 1.4 km². Arises in the Hummeläckern south of Windisch-Brachbach at about 450  m above sea level. NHN
    • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgRuns north-east of Altenberg at about 429  m above sea level. NHN one below 0.2 hectare pond.
  • Ottenbach , from the right southwest of Altenberg to about 321  m above sea level. NHN , 0.4 km and approx. 0.7 km². Begins in its upper forest blade south of Altenberg at around 400  m above sea level. NHN . A section of the trench, which stops again downwards, begins east of Altenberg at around 437  m above sea level. NHN about 0.7 km further up in the valley basin.
  • Altenberger Grimmbach , from the left south-southwest of Altenberg after passing through the Äspichklinge below 315  m above sea level. NHN , 4.5 km and 3.8 km². Arises east of Sandelsbronn at about 459  m above sea level. NHN . Middle course inconsistent after passing the Hörlebacher Landturm up to the blade entry.
  • Haßfelder Grimmbach , from the left north of Wolpertshausen- Hohenberg in its blade next to a clearing at 305.9  m above sea level. NHN , 7.7 km and 8.1 km². Arises on the southeast edge of the Stettholz east of Sandelsbronn at about 466  m above sea level. NHN , blade entry near Haßfelden in the area of ​​the crossing K 2553 from Wolpertshausen. At the mouth of this tributary, the Grimmbach begins to curve to the west-north-west.
    • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgSoon passes to about 449  m above sea level. NHN west of Ruppertshofen im Greut a pond, 0.5 ha.
    • Inflow on the western edge of Wolpertshausen -Hörlebach, from the right to about 424  m above sea level. NHN on the western edge of Hörlebach, approx. 0.9 km Arises at approx. 456  m above sea level. NHN near the Hörlebacher Landturm . Inconsistent in the upper reaches.
      • RiverIcon-SmallLake.svgDrained at a little over 430  m above sea level. NHN the Elpisfeldweiher on the northwestern edge of the hamlet of Hörlebach in the Bächwiesen , 0.5 ha.

Mouth of the Grimmbach between Geislingen am Kocher and Braunsbach after crossing under the valley road K 1045 that connects them at 245.8  m above sea level. NHN from the right and east into the stove . The brook is 8.4 km long from the confluence of the source brooks, 11.2 km from the Elber spring and has a total catchment area of ​​30.4 km².

places

Places on the run with their affiliations. Only the names of the lowest nesting level denote neighboring settlements.

landscape

In the east, the catchment area is a flat, undulating plateau with smaller agricultural settlements; in the west, it is structured by the blades of the deeply deepened brooks. One sixth to one fifth of it is covered by forest, the greater part of which is in the forest blades of the Grimmbach itself and the larger tributaries in the west; there are also some scattered forest islands on the plateau. Most of the open land of the plateau is mostly under the plow, the little grassland is mostly in valleys or surrounds settlements.

Protected areas

A nature reserve has been set up at the Grimmbach estuary, mainly because of the alluvial fan and the river displacement. More details are given in the section on →  Geology .

The north-eastern section of the former Haller Landheeg used to run through the catchment area , which is still partially recognizable in the terrain by the soil profile (wall and ditch structure) or by the forest bands following this line, which sometimes appeared at the location of the old border hedge. These parts - on the north-western border of the Obersteinach community exclave Ilshofen between Söllbot and Elzhausen in Frankenholz and in Gewann Heg north of Niedersteinach, in the south of the Altenberger Grimmbach on the edge of the Langenfeldes to the Erlich forest - are now designated as natural monuments. The other large group of natural monuments includes karst phenomena, namely five sinkholes on the spur between Altenberger and Haßfelder Grimmbach west of Haßfelden in the Bühl and Langholz tubs , two west of the Frankenholz , one in Espan north of Haßfelden and another natural monument on top of the spur above the Mühlrain northwest of the Hergershof . Also protected under this rubrum are an unused pond north of Niedersteinach, the Elpisfeldweiher , which drains into the middle Haßfelder Grimmbach, and two abandoned quarries in its beginning blade in Höfle and in the stone fields on both sides of the road from Wolpertshausen to Haßfelden.

geology

The Grimmbach begins its course on both spring branches in the Lettenkeuper edition ( Erfurt formation ) of the Hohenlohe plain , on the edge of a loess sediment island on which, among other things, the Stettholz stands. To the west of Obersteinbach it reaches the Upper Muschelkalk , in the area of ​​the sewage treatment plant of the village, in its already noticeable hollow , in which it then digs its blade . To the west of Altenberg his bed lies in this then in the Middle Muschelkalk , after the bend at the inlet of the Haßfelder Grimmbach then in the lower one , into which it also flows.

The two large tributaries Altenberger and Haßfelder Grimmbach lie in their lower blade courses mostly in the Upper Muschelkalk; the sections closer to the source and those of the other, generally shallow tributaries, mostly run in the Lettenkeuper, which also covers most of the catchment area on the plateau. Since the Upper Muschelkalk is heavily karstified in the catchment area, there are many sinkholes on and on the edge of the plateau.

Like many of the tributaries of the middle Kocher, the Grimmbach has also pushed an estuary cone into the Kocher valley; during floods it carries a heavy load of debris down into the valley. These locations, safe from flooding in the valley river, were mostly used for the establishment of settlements, through which the tributaries now run into artificial stream troughs, see for example in the nearby Braunsbach . The Grimmbach estuary, however, remained uninhabited, so this type of terrain created by the deposition of debris on the slope can be clearly seen in the landscape; here the stream runs through gravel fields that it used to constantly encamp. The cone of the Grimmbach estuary, which is quite large due to the extensive catchment area, has pushed the Kocher to the left side of the valley, where it flows along a steep slope that opens up layers of the Lower Muschelkalk.

history

Overburden dump at the Grimmbach estuary in September 2016.

On April 22, 2015, fish died in the Grimmbach as a result of liquid manure.

On May 29, 2016, the Grimmbach overflowed its banks due to a storm, causing flooding and major destruction in the municipality of Braunsbach . The Grimmbach moved large amounts of rubble, mud and wood into the Kochertal. The storm caused property damage of over 100 million euros, mainly due to the flooding of other Klingenbach brooks that flowed into the center of the village of Braunsbach.

The bottom of the valley and the bed load of the Grimmbach was changed significantly and permanently by the flowing water. The river bed widened considerably, trees fell and several light to medium landslides went into the Grimmbachtal. As a result, the brook has taken on the features of a mountain brook . A wheel bridge located in its mouth was torn away and the road bridge there on Kochertalstraße L 1045 was badly damaged. In the mouth area, the Grimmbach has noticeably enlarged its mouth fan by covering further floodplain with debris and debris.

See also

Individual evidence

LUBW

Official online waterway map with a suitable section and the layers used here: Map of the course and catchment area of ​​the Grimmbach
General introduction without default settings and layers: State Institute for the Environment Baden-Württemberg (LUBW) ( notes )

  1. ↑ a b c d Height according to the contour line image on the background layer topographic map .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Height according to gray lettering on the background layer of the topographic map .
  3. ↑ a b c Length according to the waterway network layer ( AWGN ) .
  4. ↑ a b Sum of the sub-catchment areas according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  5. ↑ Lake area after the layer standing waters .
  6. ↑ Catchment area according to the basic catchment area layer (AWGN) .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Catchment area measured on the background layer topographic map .
  8. ↑ a b Length measured on the background layer topographic map .
  9. ↑ Appreciation of the Grimmbach estuary nature reserve at LUBW.
  10. ↑ Natural monuments according to the so-called layer.
  11. ↑ Some sinkholes are located and described on the geotope layer or on the relevant layer of: Mapserver of the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining (LGRB) ( notes )

Other evidence

  1. ↑ a b Old names based on the description of the Oberamt Gerabronn from 1847 in the chapter on the then municipality of Ober-Steinach. Accordingly, "[e] [the Grimbach] first carries the name Steinach and only from the Niedersteinach marker to the name Grümbach", so it was probably only noticeably called after the confluence of the upper reaches Grümbach . Which upper course was included in what was then the Steinach remains somewhat unclear; However, the old settlement core of Obersteinach on both sides of the Elber does not extend to the Hagenbach.
  2. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Sick : Geographical land survey: The natural space units on sheet 162 Rothenburg o. D. Deaf. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1962. →  Online map (PDF; 4.7 MB)
  3. ↑ Geology roughly based on: Map server of the State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining (LGRB) ( notes )
  4. ↑ Geotope profile (PDF) of the Kocherprallhang at the Grimmbach estuary.
  5. ↑ Norbert Acker: Liquid manure kills trout population in the Grimmbach. In: swp.de. Retrieved June 7, 2016 .
  6. ↑ Storms cause severe damage , tagesschau.de, May 10, 2016
  7. ↑ 104 million euros damage in Braunsbach , Stimme.de, June 8, 2016
  8. ↑ Clean-up work on the Grimmbach Bridge continues , Haller Tagblatt, July 15, 2016

literature

  • Topographic map 1: 25,000 Baden-Württemberg north, as single sheet No. 6724 Künzelsau, No. 6725 Gerabronn, No. 6824 Schwäbisch Hall, No. 6825 Ilshofen.

Web links