Gustav Mie

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Gustav Mie

Gustav Adolf Feodor Wilhelm Ludwig Mie (born September 29, 1868 in Rostock , † February 13, 1957 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) was a German physicist .

Life

Mie was born on September 29, 1868 as the son of a businessman in Rostock.

From 1886 he studied mathematics and physics at the University of Rostock . In addition to these subjects, he attended lectures in chemistry , zoology , geology , mineralogy , astronomy as well as logic and metaphysics . In 1888/1889 he continued his studies at the University of Heidelberg . In the summer semester of 1889 he returned to Rostock. He received his doctorate in mathematics in Heidelberg in 1891.

He completed his habilitation in theoretical physics at the Technical University of Karlsruhe in the summer of 1897 . In 1902 he was appointed associate professor and in 1905 as successor to Walter König as professor for theoretical physics at the University of Greifswald , of which he was rector in 1916. In 1917 he moved to the University of Halle as professor for experimental physics . In 1921 he was elected a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences . In 1924 he accepted a position as director of the Physics Institute at the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg , where he worked until his retirement in 1935 and died on February 13, 1957.

In Freiburg during the Nazi dictatorship , Mie was a member of the university opposition of the so-called “ Freiburg circles ” and one of the participants in the original “ Freiburg Council ”.

Scientific work

In Mies Greifswald's years he worked on the calculation of the scattering of an electromagnetic wave on a homogeneous dielectric sphere, which he published in 1908 under the title Contributions to the optics of cloudy media, especially colloidal metal solutions in the Annalen der Physik . His name is still associated with the so-called Mie scattering . As early as 1903 he introduced the Mie potential to describe the forces of attraction and repulsion of chemically unbound atoms , of which the much better known Lennard-Jones potential is a special case.

He made other significant contributions to electromagnetism and also to general relativity . He also dealt with units of measurement and finally developed the Miesche system of units named after him in 1910 .

In the years 1912/13 Mie developed his theory of matter in which he derived a so-called world function , which also contains the field quantities, with the help of the Lagrange formalism and the like. a. the Maxwell's electrodynamics was derived. His aim was to set up the world function in such a way that matter itself could also be calculated as a solution to the equations of variation. He also tried to include gravity and was thus a competitor of Einstein and Hilbert in the pursuit of an expanded theory of gravity. This approach was later the model for work by David Hilbert , Max Born and Leopold Infeld .

Honors

An impact crater on Mars is named after Mie , a lecture hall of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg and a building of the Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg bear his name. In 1919 Mie was appointed a member of the Leopoldina .

Fonts

  • On the fundamental theorem about the existence of integrals of partial differential equations. Teubner, Dresden 1892 (dissertation, University of Heidelberg, August 3, 1891).
  • Draft of a general theory of energy transfer. In: Meeting reports of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna. Mathematical and natural science class, department 2a, October 1898, pp. 1113–1182 (habilitation thesis, TH Karlsruhe, 1898; digitized version ).
  • Molecules, atoms, world ethers. Teubner, Leipzig 1904.
  • Contributions to the optics of cloudy media, especially colloidal metal solutions. In: Annals of Physics . Fourth episode, volume 25, 1908, issue 3, pp. 377-445, doi: 10.1002 / andp.19083300302 .
  • Textbook of electricity and magnetism: An experimental physics of the world ether for physicists, chemists and electrical engineers. Enke, Stuttgart 1910; 3rd, revised edition 1948.
  • Basics of a theory of matter. In: Annalen der Physik Vol. 37, 1912, pp. 511-534, doi: 10.1002 / andp.19123420306 ; Vol. 39, 1912, pp. 1-40, doi: 10.1002 / andp.19123441102 ; Vol. 40, 1913, pp. 1-66, doi: 10.1002 / andp.19133450102 .
  • Remarks on Einstein's theory of gravity. In: Physikalische Zeitschrift . Vol. 15, 1914, pp. 115-122, 169-176.
  • The spiritual structure of physics (= studies of the apologetic seminar. Issue 38). Bertelsmann, Gütersloh 1934.
  • The divine order in nature: 3 attachments (= The Christian Germany from 1933 to 1945 . H. 9). Furche, Tübingen 1946.
  • The basics of mechanics. Enke, Stuttgart 1950.

literature

  • Lüder Gerken : Walter Eucken and his work. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2000.
  • Niels Goldschmidt: The origin of the Freiburg circles. In: Historical-Political Messages. Vol. 4 (1997), pp. 1-17.
  • Wolfram Hergert: Gustav Mie and Albert Einstein, discussions on the development of the general theory of relativity. In: Scientia Halensis. Vol. 13 (2005), no. 3, p. 13 f.
  • Eckhard John, Bernd Martin, Marc Mück, Hugo Ott (eds.): The Freiburg University in the time of National Socialism. Freiburg 1991.
  • Gunter Kohl (preface: David E. Rowe): Relativity in suspension: The role of Gustav Mie (PDF; 1.0 MB). MPI for the History of Science, Preprint 2002, Berlin 2002.
  • Pedro Lilienfeld: Gustav Mie. The person. In: Applied Optics. Vol. 30 (1991), H. 33, pp. 4696-4698.
  • Helmut Rechenberg :  Mie, Gustav. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 17, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-428-00198-2 , p. 465 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Helmut Spehl: Mie, Gustav Adolf Feodor Wilhelm Ludwig, physicist. In Bernd Ottnad (Ed.): Badische Biographien . New episode, volume III. W. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 1990, pp. 186-190.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ First matriculation of Gustav Mie WS 1886/1887, No. 63 in the Rostock matriculation portal
  2. ^ Second matriculation of Gustav Mie SS 1889, No. 3 in the Rostock matriculation portal
  3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 169.
  4. ↑ Mie potential at SklogWiki
predecessor Office successor
Friedrich Wiegand Rector of the University of Greifswald in
1916 		Paul Römer
personal data
SURNAME Mie, Gustav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Mie, Gustav Adolf Feodor Wilhelm Ludwig
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist, discoverer of Mie scattering
DATE OF BIRTH September 29, 1868
PLACE OF BIRTH Rostock
DATE OF DEATH February 13, 1957
Place of death Freiburg in Breisgau