Good Freiham
The Good Freiham is a historic estate in the south of Munich's district Aubing . The neighboring Freiham development area is named after this estate . The estate is a listed building complex. Some of the buildings are also protected as individual monuments.
location
Gut Freiham is located in the west of Munich in the south of the Aubing district on the border with the neighboring municipality of Graefelfing . Freihamer Allee runs roughly in a north-south direction through the estate . To the east of the estate lies the Freiham development area , while the Munich – Herrsching railway line runs to the north and is served by the S8 line of the Munich S-Bahn . Directly at Gut Freiham is the former Freiham S-Bahn station , which was shut down for passenger traffic in 1975 and is still used for freight traffic. The station building has been preserved and is operated by Deutsche Bahn until today (2013) . In September 2013, the Freiham S-Bahn station was opened in the neighboring new development area .
The estate is surrounded by motorways in the west and south, the Munich ring road (A99) in the west and the A96 to Lindau in the south. The Freiham-Mitte junction leads onto the A99, and the Freiham-Süd junction onto the A96.
history
From the first mention to the conversion of the village into a Schwaige (1136–1564)
The oldest mention of Freiham dated to the year 1136, when Pope Innocent II. The monastery polling a number of possessions, including confirming the "villa Frihaim". In the late 12th and early 13th centuries, various gentlemen de Frihaim, i.e. von Freiham, were listed as servants of the Bavarian ministerial family von Baierbrunn . When the ownership of Freiham von Polling passed to the Baierbrunner remains unclear for the time being. In the 14th century, the von Preysing family inherited the Baierbrunn estate. According to a list of the goods from 1390, Freiham was then a village with 15 small farmhouses, a church and a rectory. In 1420 the property was sold to the Munich citizens Hans Pütrich , his wife Anna and their parents Hans and Dorothea Barth. In the sales contract Freiham is listed as "village and court". Hans Pütrich subsequently also claimed the rights of a Hofmark for Freiham, but was ultimately unable to enforce this claim against the ducal administration. The core building of today's Holy Cross Church in Freiham was completed under the Pütrich.
In 1422, during the Bavarian War, Duke Ludwig VII of Upper Bavaria-Ingolstadt had the area plundered, and Freiham was probably also damaged.
In 1514 Freiham fell as a dowry through marriage to the Munich bourgeois family Ligsalz , who in turn were forced due to economic difficulties in 1564 to sell Freiham and the neighboring Gut Streiflach for 8,300 gold guilders to the princely councilor Ludwig Lindauer. At this point in time Freiham was no longer referred to as a village as it was before, but was run as an economic asset, as a Schwaige. The management of the Schwaige was up to 1760 with the Ruedorffer family, which can be traced back to 1450.
Gut Freiham in the Baroque (1564–1785)
Freiham survived the Thirty Years' War relatively lightly. Except for the theft of some sacred implements from the church and four horses from the manor house by Swedish marauders in 1633, apparently no major damage occurred.
In the second half of the 17th century, Freiham's ownership passed from the Lindauer family to the Bavarian Elector Ferdinand Maria . He gave the Schwaige in 1675 to his favorite Anton von Berchem , "and his heirs and descendants, [...] forever appropriated". At the same time, von Berchem awarded the lower jurisdiction for Freiham . Already in 1678 the Schwaige was handed over to the chamber musician Achilles Bauer, ennobled to “von Hermannsreith”, “at the request of the elector”. He had the new castle built in the southeast of the complex on the previously undeveloped "Angerl", which also forms the core of today's building.
Achilles von Hermannsreith died in 1688 and was buried in the Freihamer Church. His daughter, who was still a minor, entered the Ridlerkloster in 1692 , located in the area of today's Max-Joseph-Platz , which also came into the possession of the Schwaige Freiham. In 1760, however, the convent had to give up Freiham and sell it to the Bavarian court chancellor Wiguläus Xaverius Aloysius Freiherr von Kreittmayr for 15,000 guilders . Kreittmayr had the church expanded and refurbished and in turn sold the property in 1771 to his colleague, Hofkammerrat Franz Anton von Spitzel.
Headquarters of the Counts of Yrsch (1785–1887)
In 1785 Johann Nepomuk von Yrsch (1736–1811) acquired the facility for 25,000 guilders, initially on behalf of the Bavarian Elector Karl Theodor for use as a sheep breeding center for the Schleissheim domain. However, after the elector was informed that the purchase price for Freiham had been set significantly too high, von Yrsch himself had to act as buyer. Under Nepomuk von Yrsch, who was raised to the rank of imperial count in 1792, the estate was comprehensively expanded and redesigned. Johann Nepomuk's second son Friedrich Graf von Yrsch (1767-1844) inherited the property and enlarged the property there to around 800 hectares. He was one of the founders of the agricultural association in Bavaria. Four generations of the von Yrsch family remained on the estate until 1887, when they were also granted lower jurisdiction . Among them, large parts of the former pastureland were rededicated for arable farming. The farm buildings on the estate were also adapted accordingly. In 1818 Freiham became part of the newly established municipality of Aubing (see Aubing's history ), but the former Hofmark remained a patrimonial court until 1848 under the direction of von Yrsch. The childless Friedrich von Yrsch was followed by his nephew Johann Nepomuk Eduard, who took over the Freiham estate in 1841 as a family fideikommiss (indivisible, unsaleable family property). In 1862, his son, Carl Theodor von Yrsch, (1832–1899) took over the estate. He had the castle building rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style in 1865/66 , which gave it its current appearance. Carl Theodor von Yrsch got increasingly into economic difficulties in the following years. Since he and his brothers remained childless, the younger line of the family approved the sale of the Fidelkomiss. In 1886/7 the industrialist Reichsrat Hugo von Maffei Freiham acquired together with the two upstream estates Streiflach and Moosschweige for 460,000 marks.
From the Maffeis to the present (from 1887)
In 1887 Carl Theodor sold the estate to Reichsrat Hugo von Maffei (1836–1921) for the purchase price of 460,000 Reichsmarks . The von Maffeis undertook a complete modernization of the estate with conversion of the existing buildings and numerous new buildings, such as a schnapps distillery to the west of the large economic courtyard. Under the Maffeis, the inn was set up in the former manor house. The extensive properties were used to grow feed and potatoes.
In 1901 Hugo von Maffei sold part of the land in the east of the estate to the Royal Bavarian State Railways , so that they could build the central workshop in Aubing . In 1903, the Pasing – Herrsching railway line with Freiham station was opened to the north of the estate . Hugo's son Rudolf expanded the main estate, agriculture and preliminary estates ( Moosschwaige in the north-west and Streiflach in the south-west). In 1924 he had the interior of the palace rebuilt in a representative way.
In 1942, Aubing was incorporated into Munich with Freiham and the Moosschwaige, but without Streiflach . In 1966, part of the land east of the estate was sold to the City of Munich for the construction of a new housing estate, but it wasn't until 2006 that construction of the Freiham estate began there.
In 2008 the historic manor was sold. The castle building was acquired by the US company Forever Living Products . Rex Maughan, the founder of Forever Living Products, had the castle extensively renovated in 2009/10 in order to use it as the company's German headquarters. Around 40 employees are housed in the building.
The actual estate with the Holy Cross Church, the former inn and numerous commercial buildings were sold on in the following years via various real estate companies, and was finally acquired in November 2014 by the Edith Haberland Wagner Foundation , which, according to the foundation statutes , is gradually repairing and revitalizing the listed property. The first step was to secure and restore the church, which was completed in winter 2016. In the second step, the horse stable and its head building will be completely renovated in 2017/18 and should then be used again originally. From autumn 2017, a grain store for the Augustiner brewery will be built to the north-east, as a new building, coordinated with the old buildings of the estate. In June 2018, the owners presented a concrete plan according to which the renovation of the ensemble should be completed in 2023.
ensemble
Freihamer Allee crosses the ensemble roughly in the middle and flows north of Gut Freiham into Bodenseestrasse, the historic highway from Munich to Landsberg. The estate is divided into the spacious large farm yard in the north and a smaller farm yard in the south; between the two courtyards is the old “town center” with the Holy Cross Church to the west of the thoroughfare and the old manor house, the “inn” in the east. Freiham Castle is located a little away from the estate in the south-east and is surrounded by a park. The most important former commercial buildings are arranged around the large economic courtyard, including a. the cowshed, the barn, the ox barn, the schnapps distillery and the horse stable. To the south of the estate, the Freihamer Alle with its old chestnut stock is recorded as a biotope.
The castle, the Church of the Holy Cross, the castle inn as well as the former cowshed and the former horse stable are individually protected as historical monuments.
Single building
lock
According to an inscription, Freiham Castle (Freihamer Allee 31) was built around 1680 by the electoral chamber musician Achilles von Hermersreith, to whom Elector Ferdinand Maria had given the estate. The current design of the castle is largely based on a neo-Gothic renovation from 1865/66 under Carl Theodor von Yrsch. The construction is a two-story building with a steep pitched roof. The north and south facades have stepped gables, the north facade also have corner turrets. At the southeast corner there is an octagonal stair tower, in front of the entrance on the north side there is a porch with a balcony. The garden facade in the east of the house is three- story and has a central risalit with a stepped gable. The park surrounding the castle, which is partly surrounded by a fence and partly by a garden wall, is also part of the monument. The original baroque building had a high mansard roof; today's richly designed “roof landscape” is the result of the renovation in 1865.
Holy Cross Church
The Heilig Kreuz church (Freihamer Allee 24) is surrounded by a rectangular, walled cemetery. Access is via a gate in the east, from Freihamer Allee.
The Freihamer Church was first mentioned in a document in 1315. Today's single-nave building with a striking west tower dates back to the first half of the mid-15th century. The original equipment has not been preserved. The first renovation took place around 1620 in the early Baroque style and gave the nave its present-day appearance with arched windows and a stuccoed wooden slat vault. Today's appearance is largely shaped by the Rococo remodeling in the second half of the 18th century. Major parts of the furnishings date from this period, such as the high altar , the side altars and the pulpit . The figures of the apostles on consoles on the south wall also date from the late 18th century. The date 1781 is noted in the choir arch. The addition of the bell storey and the pointed helmet to the tower also took place in this phase. The Holy Cross Church was renovated in 2016 on behalf of the Edith Haberland Wagner Foundation. A bell was cast again and new clock faces were attached. The restored color version of the tower with an ocher-colored structure and white surfaces goes back to the state around 1800.
Schlosswirtschaft - former manor
The "Gasthof" (Freihamer Allee 21/23) - named after its last use - is the estate's old manor house, which only lost its function when the castle was rebuilt in 1680. The two-storey building, oriented in an east-west direction, has two full floors, vaulted cellars and a large, historic gable roof. The core of the building goes back to the 16th century and has been expanded several times. Today's roof structures and parts of the interior are from the early 19th century. In the middle of the 19th century an extension was added in the southeast. An elaborate early Baroque portal forms the entrance on the south side. Both wings of the building enclose a courtyard that was last used as a beer garden.
Cowshed and barn
The large, two-winged commercial building in the east of the large economic courtyard is divided into the barn in the north and the cowshed in the east. Both wings are single-story with large gable roofs. The construction goes back to the 18th century. In 1818 the east wing (cowshed) burned down and was then rebuilt. The cowshed was also damaged by fire in 1913. In the cowshed there is a three-aisled hall vaulted with Bohemian caps over round pillars.
Ox barn
The former "Ochsenstall" (Freihamer Allee 20) closes off the large economic courtyard in the northeast. The oldest parts of the building are the estate's sheepfold, built around 1800 under the Counts of Yrsch . Initially, this building was also two-winged, but the west wing was demolished around 1890 for the construction of the schnapps distillery. The remaining wing underwent several renovations and was finally extended by a usable attic. Two-story head buildings with ancillary and administrative rooms are attached to the western and eastern ends.
distillery
The distillery in the west of the large farmyard replaced the west wing of the sheepfold from 1890. The building was built under Baron Hugo von Maffei to produce brandy from potatoes.
Horse stable
The former stable (Freihamer Allee 22) borders the church yard of Freiham in the north and at the same time forms the south-western end of the economy yard. It is a single-storey building with a high pitched roof from the last decade of the 18th century. Inside there is a three-aisled hall vaulted on pillars, the Bohemian caps have a simple stucco decoration. In the west there is a head building that accommodates an apartment on the upper floor. Originally the building of the stables continued to the west; however, the western end was removed for the construction of the large distillery around 1890.
Wrought
The so-called smithy borders the churchyard in the south. It is a single-storey, elongated gable roof building that used to house various economic units, including the forge that gave the property its name. The building was constructed in two stages in the late 18th century; the historical roof structure has been preserved as well as individual, sparingly stuccoed vaults inside.
Building on the southern farmyard
The southern farmyard is bordered in the north by the former workers' accommodation (Freihamer Allee 26). It is an elongated saddle roof structure that is oriented parallel to the forge and has a cellar along its entire length. Numerous small residential units were formerly housed on the ground floor. The building was built in 1890 under Baron Hugo von Maffei for the workers on the estate and replaces several small previous buildings, such as the pigsty and the slaughterhouse. The northern part of the neighboring barn was laid down for the construction of the workers' quarters.
The barn delimits the southern farmyard on the west side. The current building was built in 1863, still under the Count of Yrsch, on the site of older predecessor buildings. The inside is a relatively complex carpenter's construction. The northern half of the barn was demolished when the workers' quarters were rebuilt.
In the south, the farmyard is closed off by a two-storey residential building (Freihamer Allee 28), the former gardener's house. The current building was built in 1923 using older wall sections, making it one of the youngest structures on the Gut Freiham site.
literature
- Denis A. Chevalley, Timm Weski: State Capital Munich - Southwest (= Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation [Hrsg.]: Monuments in Bavaria . Volume I.2 / 2 ). Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-87490-584-5 , p. 5, 210-212 .
- Theo Baumeister, Anton Fürst and others: Schloss Freiham (= Freihamer views 02-2013), Munich 2013.
- August Strobl: Freiham. Typescript, digitized by Rudolf Forster, Pöcking u. Munich 2008.
Web links
- Excerpts from the chronicle of the rule and the Freiham estate. December 31, 2000, accessed October 29, 2010 .
- Freund Freihams eV For the preservation of the Freiham estate in its current form. May 25, 2013.Retrieved May 25, 2013.
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of monuments for Munich (PDF) at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation, monument number E-1-62-000-14
- ^ August Strobl: Freiham . Munich 2008, p. 10 .
- ^ August Strobl: Freiham . Munich 2008, p. 69 .
- ↑ Martina Krämer: A jewel on Gut Freiham. Freihamer Castle renovated with great attention to detail . In: Aubing-Neuaubinger Zeitung . June 18, 2010, p. 3 .
- ^ Poster in the exhibition of the Friends' Association 1000 Years of Aubing e. V. on the occasion of the 1000 year celebrations in Aubing, September 2010.
- ↑ Federal Railroad Repair Works Munich-Neuaubing (Ed.): 75 Years of the Federal Railroad Repair Works Munich-Neuaubing 1906–1981 . Eisenbahn-Kurier-Verlag , Freiburg 1981, ISBN 3-88255-800-8 , p. 8 .
- ↑ State capital Munich : KulturGeschichtsPfad Aubing-Lochhausen-Langwied (PDF; 2500 kB) on muenchen.de, p. 53, accessed on December 30, 2018.
- ↑ Lisa-Marie Birnbeck: Gut Freiham: That happens to the listed ensemble. In: www.merkur.de. June 14, 2018, accessed June 16, 2018 .
- ↑ Friends Freiham eV: Castle Freiham (Freihamer views 02) . Munich 2013, p. 22 .
Coordinates: 48 ° 8 ′ 10.2 " N , 11 ° 24 ′ 11.8" E