Hemispherical devil's claw

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Hemispherical devil's claw
Hemispherical devil's claw (Phyteuma hemisphaericum)

Hemispherical devil's claw ( Phyteuma hemisphaericum )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Bellflower family (Campanulaceae)
Subfamily : Campanuloideae
Genre : Devil's Claws ( Phyteuma )
Type : Hemispherical devil's claw
Scientific name
Phyteuma hemisphaericum
L.

The hemispherical devil's claw ( Phyteuma hemisphaericum ), also called grass-leaf devil's claw , is a species of devil's claws ( Phyteuma ) within the bellflower family (Campanulaceae).

description

Illustration from Atlas of Alpine Flora

Vegetative characteristics

The hemispherical devil's claw is an evergreen , perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 5 to 25 centimeters. It grows upright with branches at the base and often forms small clumps . The stem axis is divided into a compressed, rosette-forming section on the one hand, and an elongated section on which the stem leaves are arranged on the other.

The grass-like blade of the basal leaves is narrow-linear to channel-shaped and bristly and usually with entire margins. Some basal sheets can also have a linear spatulate shape. The width varies between 1 and 2 millimeters. Towards the base the blade gradually narrows like a stalk, towards the tip it is not widened. The sessile stem leaves are shorter than the basal leaves. They show a linear form. Stipules are not developed.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from July to August. The hermaphroditic and radial symmetry flowers are arranged ten to twelve in spherical heads . The head diameter is 10 to 20 millimeters. The bracts of the inflorescence have an egg-shaped base. They are pointed towards the top. They are usually entire, but at the bottom they have a distant serration. The single flowers do not have a pedicel.

The dark blue flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx ends in five narrow-lanceolate calyx lobes that are slightly longer than the calyx tube. The narrow-tubular, 8 to 12 millimeters long, dark blue crown usually has a claw-shaped curvature before the flowers unfold. After blooming, the corolla tube is divided into five ribbon-shaped, linear sections. During the anthesis , the corolla lobes are initially connected to each other at the tips and base, later they are free. The five free stamens have triangular widened stamens and free anthers that contain reddish pollen . Three carpels are fused to form a subordinate, three- chamber ovary. The hairy stylus towers over the corolla. Most of the three scars are thread-like.

The capsule fruit opens laterally with two to three pores.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Occurrence and use

Hemispherical devil's claw ( Phyteuma hemisphaericum ) in the Zillertal Alps

The hemispherical devil's claw thrives in the mountains of northern Spain and central France, the Apennines and the Alps . It reaches its main occurrence at altitudes from 1900 to 2800 meters. Finds were made from 600 to 3600 meters. In Austria it is widespread in the subalpine to alpine altitude range in the federal states of Styria, Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg. In Germany it occurs only in the Allgäu and in the Wetterstein Mountains . In the Allgäu Alps in Vorarlberg, it rises from the Ifersguntalpe at 1800 meters to the Elferkopfgipfelin at an altitude of 2387 meters.

This lime-avoiding plant usually thrives in silicate rock corridors , acidic grasslands (Krummseggenrasen) and dwarf shrub heaths . It is considered a pointer plant for locations with the lowest nitrogen levels (N = 1).

It is a character species of the order acidic high mountain steppes of the Alps, alpine crooked sedge lawns ( Caricetalia curvulae ), but also occurs in societies of the Borstgrasweide association ( Nardion ) or in the association nude lawns of the Alps ( Elynetum myosuroidis ).

As an ornamental plant , the devil's claw is widespread beyond its natural occurrence. It is seldom planted in rock gardens. It needs lime-poor soils in full sun, where it is not exposed to excessive heat.

Taxonomy

Herbarium evidence

The first publication of Phyteuma hemisphaericum was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum in Volume 1 on page 170th

literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Siegmund Seybold : Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for identifying vascular plants that grow wild and often cultivated . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 93rd completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Excursion flora from Germany . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
  • Eckehart J. Jäger (ed.): Excursion flora from Germany. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 .
  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers (=  Steinbach's natural guide . Volume 16 ). Mosaik, Munich 1985, ISBN 3-570-01349-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpenblumen (=  Steinbach's natural guide . Volume 16 ). Mosaik, Munich 1985, ISBN 3-570-01349-9 .
  2. ↑ a b Data sheet with distribution in France at Tela Botanica - Le réseau de la botanique francophone ( Memento of the original from September 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed February 13, 2012  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tela-botanica.org
  3. ↑ a b c Eckehart J. Jäger (Ed.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland. Vascular plants: baseline . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. 20th, revised and expanded edition. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg 2011, ISBN 978-3-8274-1606-3 .
  4. ↑ a b c d e f Eckehart J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (eds.): Exkursionsflora von Deutschland . Founded by Werner Rothmaler. tape 5 : Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants . Springer, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 .
  5. ^ Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 , p. 782 .
  6. ↑ Dieter Heß : Systematic Botany Ulmer Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ( UTB ; 2673) ISBN 3-8252-2673-5 . Page 203f.
  7. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  897-898 .
  8. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 562.
  9. ↑ Entry Phyteuma hemisphaericum L. at Botanical Information Node Bavaria
  10. ^ Plant communities / Gastein Valley: Alpine Krummseggenrasen , Gastein in the picture
  11. ↑ entry Elynetea , Dictionary of Biology, Springer-Verlag
  12. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum Volume 1, 1st edition, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 170 scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org .

Web links

Commons : Hemispherical Devil's Claw ( Phyteuma hemisphaericum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files