Hans Czermak (pediatrician)

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Hans Czermak (born July 18, 1913 in Krems an der Donau , † December 12, 1989 in Vienna ) was an Austrian pediatrician and social medicine specialist.

Life

Hans Czermak, son of Emmerich Czermak , grew up in Stockerau , where he attended high school and joined the VPV Pennalie Herulia . From 1932 he studied medicine at the University of Innsbruck , where he became a member of the Catholic student association AV Austria Innsbruck , and from 1934 in Vienna . Here he was u. a. Student of August Reuss and was awarded a Dr. med. univ. doctorate. He then worked at the Orthopedic Hospital Gersthof and the General Polyclinic Vienna .

He experienced the Second World War as a troop doctor, especially in Russia. After 1945 he completed studies in social pediatrics in Stockholm, London and Paris and returned to Vienna in 1948, where he worked as a pediatrician for around four decades. In 1949 he took over the management of the two newborn wards at the Vienna University Women's Clinic and opened his own practice in 1954 after his employment relationship ended. From 1962 to 1978 he was director of the Preyer Children's Hospital in Vienna and the children's nursing and midwifery school located there. In 1971 Czermak completed his habilitation at the Vienna University of Pediatrics with a thesis on infant mortality, and in 1978 he was awarded the title of associate professor .

The grave in the Groß-Jedlersdorfer cemetery

His grave is in the Groß-Jedlersdorfer Friedhof (group PR, number 74).

Since 1978 Czermak was a member of the Eintracht Lodge . In 2002 the Hans-Czermak-Gasse in Vienna- Floridsdorf (21st district) was named after him.

Services and work

Guiding principle: "Because every child has the right to a happy childhood"

In his scientific work, he mainly concentrated on the area of ​​social pediatrics. As early as the 1950s, his primary concern was the fight against infant mortality in Austria in order to bring it down to European average rates. His efforts led in 1974 to the creation of the Austrian mother-child pass , which regulates the health care of pregnant women and small children up to the age of five. He also worked hard to make breastfeeding popular again. In the last decade of his life, Hans Czermak was a pioneer for a humane, non-violent upbringing of children. It was particularly important to him to give the child an undisputed place in society from the first hour of life and thus enable him to develop unrestricted psycho-physical development. He found that 98 percent of all children are born mentally and physically healthy, but already every second child is more or less mentally disturbed and in need of treatment after a few years of life. He attributed this catastrophic development to the common and widespread criminal and beating education to which many children are exposed from the first year of life and which is a starting point for various undesirable developments in young people. As a clear consequence of these early childhood education deficits, adolescents are aggressive, suffer from depression, school and existential fears, show poor performance and decision-making; submit to self-destructive, rigid pressures to adapt and develop into unhappy outsiders.

His life's work was crowned with the proposed amendment to the law, the federal law of March 15, 1989 (Childhood Law Amendment Act, Federal Law Gazette No. 162/1989). a. § 146 a ABGB : “The minor child has to follow the instructions of the parents. The parents have to take the age, development and personality of the child into consideration when issuing orders and enforcing them. ”The half-sentence was added:“ The use of violence and the infliction of physical or mental suffering are not permitted. ”

He was the founder and for many years chairman of the Association for Nonviolent Upbringing and the Austrian Child Protection Association, which continue his ideas today.

When Hans Czermak died, the life situation of the children in these areas had been groundbreakingly changed for the better, not least through his work. In memory of him, the Hans Czermak Prize is awarded for special achievements in the service of nonviolence towards children with the support of the Association of Viennese People's Education , the City of Vienna (Municipal Department 13), Generali Insurance and the ORF .

“The only humane struggle is by peaceful means. He was a friend of the children, 'Uncle Czermak' as he used to tease himself. He was a modern pediatrician, an often mocked apostle of peace. "

Fonts

Own writings

  • The health conditions of children in Austria . Hollinek publishing house, Vienna 1970.
  • The first childhood. A medical guide for the 1st and 2nd year of life . Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1982; 2. unch. Ed., Vienna 1982; 3rd edition, Vienna 1985; 4th edition Vienna 1989; 5. Edited by Erika Karalis and Birgit Streiter. and updated edition, Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1992, ISBN 978-3-215-05174-6 .
  • Breastfeeding - a good start. Information for doctors, midwives and nursing staff . Series of publications by the Federal Ministry for Health and Environmental Protection, Vienna 1984.
  • From child care to social pediatrics . In: Liselotte Filla (Ed.) Peace comes from the nursery . Verlag Verband Wiener Volksbildung, Vienna, 1994, ISBN 3-900799-04-9 .

as well as over 100 scientific publications in journals such as B .:

  • The health situation of women in a report on the situation of women in Austria . Federal Chancellery, Vienna 1975.
  • How do I breastfeed my child? (Introduction) . Forum for Ecology and Environment, Salzburg 1979.

Writings as a co-author

with August Reuss :

  • Teething problems . Urban & Schwarzenberg Publishing House, Vienna 1958.

with Harald Hansluwka :

  • Youth health problems. A medical statistical study on morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents in Austria . Hollinek publishing house, Vienna 1963.
  • Health policy . Dr. Karl Kummer Institute for Social Policy and Social Reform, Vienna 1969.

with Hans Strotzka , Maria D. Simon, Günther Pernhaupt :

  • Mental hygiene and mother counseling. Taking stock as a basis for reform . Verlag Jugend und Volk, Vienna 1972.

with Erika Karalis:

  • The first 12 months . Verlag Jugend und Volk on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Health and Environmental Protection, Vienna 1979; also appeared in Turkish: Ilk 12 ay and Serbo-Croatian: Prvih 12 mjeseci

with Günther Pernhaupt :

  • The healthy slap makes you sick. About everyday violence when dealing with children . Verlag Kremayr & Scheriau u. a., Vienna 1980; 3. unch. Ed., Verlag ORAC, Vienna 1991, ISBN 978-3-7015-0217-2 .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Günter K. Kodek: The chain of hearts remains closed. Members of the Austrian Masonic lodges 1945 to 1985. Löcker, Vienna 2014, ISBN 978-3-85409-706-8 , p. 36 .
  2. ^ Hans-Czermak-Gasse in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna
  3. ^ Udo Jesionek : The influence of Hans Czermak on the Austrian legal life. In: Peace comes from the nursery. Hans Czermak: Approach, challenge, obligation. Edited by Liselotte Filla. Association of Viennese National Education, Vienna 1994, p. 25f.
  4. ^ Pediatrician Czermak died yesterday . In: Der Standard of December 13, 1989.
personal data
SURNAME Czermak, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian pediatrician
DATE OF BIRTH July 18, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Krems at the Donau
DATE OF DEATH December 12, 1989
Place of death Vienna