House Voerde

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House Voerde, view from the west

Haus Voerde is a castle-like mansion in the Lower Rhine town of Voerde in North Rhine-Westphalia . It goes back to a medieval moated castle of the Lords of Loete, which was a fief of the Werden Abbey . By subsequent owners baroque and classical remodeled, the building stands as since 1984 monument under monument protection . Today it is owned by the city of Voerde, which uses it as a registry office and cultural center. There is also a restaurant in the basement.

history

Haus Voerde is the successor to a farm yard of Werden Abbey, which probably served to supply the monastery and existed before 1200. It stood at the ford of an arm of the Old Rhine and was first mentioned in documents in 1344 when it was converted into a fiefdom and given to Johann von Loete. Perhaps the abbey had decided to take this step because the courtyard was very far from Werden. Although the Lords of Loete built a new house, they did not live in the courtyard themselves. Towards the end of the 14th century, the feudal sovereignty over Voerde von Werden changed to the Counts of Mark and Kleve , who took over the feudal sovereignty as Werden bailiffs . After the counts were elevated to dukes of Cleves in 1417 , House Voerde became a Klevian fief.

In 1477 Jordan von Loete left the Voerde house to his brother-in-law, who in 1486 sold it to Jakob von (der) Kapellen from the neighboring house . The new owner was Bailiff von Loo and Rentmeister of the Dinslaken Office . He made Voerde his permanent residence and probably converted the house to suit his status, so that it was then a knight's seat suitable for the state assembly . The bailey was at the time probably by a circular wall enclosed and through a drawbridge with the main castle island connected.

The house stayed with the von Kapellen family for almost 80 years before Jacob's granddaughter Margarete and the lands belonging to it brought it into her marriage to Jörgen von Syberg in 1563 . His family remained the owners for the next 200 years. Under her the Protestant faith was introduced in Voerde, which in the Eighty Years War led to Spanish troops looting the place and house in 1596 and setting them on fire. However, the property was rebuilt using the existing building fabric. Jörgen's grandson Kaspar von Syberg was enfeoffed with the house in 1641, which from 1652 was the focus of its own rule and jurisdiction . Kaspar rebuilt the Voerde house in 1668 in the Baroque style. The client added two additional wings and a corner tower to the rectangular castle house on the courtyard side. An older corner tower was raised by a mezzanine and fitted with a baroque hood . After the construction work was finished, Haus Voerde was twice as big as before. It surrounded a small inner courtyard, which can be seen on a cadastral map from 1733, but was later built over.

Haus Voerde on the Westphalian premiere

Similar to the decline of the von Syberg family in the 18th century, the property was neglected. One of the corner towers was demolished, probably to save maintenance costs. After the last male member of the Sybergs died in 1764, heavily in debt, the Prussian government opened bankruptcy proceedings in 1770 over the Syberg's remaining assets. The Voerder property with over 30 dependent farms was cut up and sold. Baron Jan Cornelius von Ablaing, whose wife was a born von Syberg, acquired the manor house including the outer bailey and a little bit of land . His stone coat of arms in the great hall of the house still bears witness to him as the owner. Over the next 80 years or so, the owners changed in quick succession. As early as 1788 Jan Cornelius von Ablaing sold Haus Voerde to the Baron von Vaerst, whose widow resold it to the Baron von Wittenhorst-Sonsfeld von Haus Aspel in 1809 - after Voerde had become French and the feudal bond had been lifted . The new owner expanded the land through acquisitions and renovated the run-down mansion. He had the southeast facade redesigned in the classicism style and gave the windows their current, uniform appearance. His son sold Haus Voerde in 1847 to Wilhelm Bewer, who sold it to the Prince of Salm-Salm the following year . In 1861 the property again comprised 820  acres . In 1867 it was sold to Theodor Scholten, whose children sold it to Jan Arntz after his death in 1920. The municipality of Voerde acquired it from him in 1922, but they sold the property on immediately because of feared high costs and only kept a few hundred acres of land. In 1941 Haus Voerde finally came to the district of Dinslaken with 23 acres of land. The outer bailey, whose dilapidated farm buildings were closed after 1933, was not included in the purchase at the time.

Haus Voerde suffered looting and considerable damage in the last days of the Second World War in 1945. The district of Dinslaken gave the newly founded municipality of Voerde a gift on April 1, 1950, when the main building was damaged by the war and completely emptied. Between 1957 and 1966 she had extensive renovation work carried out, during which the historic interior was lost. For example, the baroque stucco ceilings were replaced by concrete ceilings . After Voerde became a town in 1981, the town administration had renewed renovation and redesign work carried out in 1984. The last repairs to date took place in 2004. The town is still the owner today.

description

House Voerde, view from the north

Haus Voerde stands in the middle of a small park , in which a palace garden was laid out in 2014 based on baroque models . In the past, the property had an outer bailey to the west of the manor house, but none of the buildings have survived today. The floor plan of the former farm buildings on the outer bailey area was made recognizable by paving made of natural stone . In 1983 earthworks found foundations in the area, which probably date from the Middle Ages. Today there is a quartzite from the Tertiary period found in the Rhine in 1969 . It shows the roots of trees and bushes that are ten million years old.

The white muddy mansion is an almost square building with a short extension with a square corner tower attached to the north corner. It stands on an island that is surrounded by a moat fed by the Mommbach . Investigations in 2001 showed that the Voerde house was built on a pile grid. Its two storeys rise on a high basement, which is supported by mighty pillars . In plain plaster construction of brick buildings can be found from the 14th to the 20th century, as the northern half of the building is still in the Gothic castle house, located in the interior of the Grand Ballroom. The lower part of the northern corner tower probably dates from the 15th century and was renewed in 1668. Wall anchors in the form of the year and the alliance coat of arms of Kaspar von Syberg and his wife Elbertine von Steenhuys bear witness to this . Two other wings of the building also date from the 17th century, while the south-east facade with its simple portal , the curved, two-flight staircase and the triangular gable dates to the 19th century. The individual parts of the building are grouped under a shared, slate-covered hip roof .

The basement with its flat groin vaults is now used by a restaurant. Theater performances, readings and art exhibitions take place in the large hall on the ground floor. It can also be rented for private parties. Today the registry office of the city of Voerde is located on the upper floor.

literature

  • Ludger Fischer : The most beautiful palaces and castles on the Lower Rhine. 1st edition. Wartberg, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2004, ISBN 3-8313-1326-1 , pp. 74-75.
  • Klaus Gorzny: Castles, palaces and aristocratic residences along the Lippe. A companion. Piccolo, Marl 2004, ISBN 3-9801776-8-8 , pp. 166-168.
  • Harald Herzog: House Voerde. In: Kai Niederhöfer (red.): Burgen AufRuhr. On the way to 100 castles, palaces and mansions in the Ruhr region. Klartext , Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-8375-0234-3 , pp. 401-404.
  • Harald Herzog: House Voerde - from the knight's seat to the registry office. In: Preservation of monuments in the Rhineland. Vol. 13, No. 4, 1996, ISSN  0177-2619 , pp. 160-165.
  • Karl Emerich Krämer : From Brühl to Kranenburg. Castles, palaces, gates and towers that can be visited. Mercator, Duisburg 1979, ISBN 3-87463-074-9 , pp. 78-79.
  • H. Schmitz: Over 800 years of Haus Voerde. A contribution to the history of the former knight's seat. In: Jahrbuch Kreis Wesel 1992. Boss, Kleve 1993, ISBN 3-89413-052-0 , pp. 163–168.
  • Gregor Spohr, Ele Beuthner: How nice to dream away here. Castles on the Lower Rhine. Pomp , Bottrop / Essen 2001, ISBN 3-89355-228-6 , pp. 140-141.
  • Jens Wroblewski, André Wemmers: Theiss-Burgenführer Niederrhein . Konrad Theiss , Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8062-1612-6 , pp. 138-139 .

Web links

Commons : Haus Voerde  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ a b A baroque-period palace garden in Voerde. In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung . Edition of July 31, 2014 ( online) .
  2. ↑ a b c d e J. Wroblewski, A. Wemmers: Theiss Burgenführer. Lower Rhine. 2001, p. 138.
  3. ↑ a b c Information about the house on the website of the city of Voerde , accessed on September 30, 2016.
  4. ^ H. Herzog: House Voerde. 2010, pp. 401-402.
  5. ^ H. Herzog: House Voerde. 2010, p. 401.
  6. ^ H. Herzog: House Voerde. 2010, pp. 402-403.
  7. ↑ a b c d e H. Herzog: House Voerde. 2010, p. 403.
  8. ↑ a b c H. Herzog: House Voerde. 2010, p. 404.
  9. ↑ a b K. Gorzny: Castles, palaces and noble residences along the Lippe. 2004, p. 168.
  10. ^ According to H. Herzog: Haus Voerde. 2010, p. 403. Klaus Gorzny, on the other hand, states in his book that the property had already passed into district ownership in 1938. Cf. K. Gorzny: Castles, palaces and noble residences along the Lippe. 2004, p. 167.
  11. ↑ a b c Entry by Elke Nieveler and Jens Friedhoff about Haus Voerde in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
  12. ↑ K. Gorzny: Castles, palaces and noble residences along the Lippe. 2004, p. 167.
  13. ↑ Information according to the information about the property on the website of the city of Voerde. Harald Herzog states, however, that Haus Voerde was not given to the community as a gift, but in exchange for building land. See H. Herzog: Haus Voerde. 2010, p. 404.
  14. ^ J. Wroblewski, A. Wemmers: Theiss Burgenführer. Lower Rhine. 2001, p. 139.
  15. ^ Willehad Paul Eckert: The Lower Rhine. The country and its cities, castles and churches. 4th edition. DuMont, Cologne 1982, ISBN 3-7701-1085-4 , p. 195.

Coordinates: 51 ° 35 ′ 37 "  N , 6 ° 40 ′ 15.9"  E