Havel-Oder waterway

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Beginning of the Oder-Havel Canal section on the Havel south of Oranienburg
Part of the route or maintenance in Oderberg

The approximately 135 km long navigable connection between Berlin ( Havel and Spree ) and the German-Polish border on the West or near Friedrichsthal north of Schwedt is called the Havel-Oder-Wasserstraße (HOW) .

It is divided into four sections (Havel, Scheitel- , Oder holdings and the Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler Wasserstraße (HFW)), which are connected by the Lehnitz lock , the Niederfinow ship lift and the Hohensaaten west lock . The approximately 6 km long stretch between the Havel and Lehnitz lock and the 48 km long apex hold are collectively referred to as the Oder-Havel Canal . For the part of the Oder hold (Wriezener Alte Oder ) belonging to the waterway there is also the term Oderberger Gewässer . Occasionally, the part of the West or to the north of Mescherin , which forms the German-Polish border, and the Berlin-Spandauer Schifffahrtskanal , which connects Berlin's Westhafen with the Havel hold (via the Spandau lock above the Spree estuary) connects, calculated.

The HOW is a federal waterway of waterway class IV with restrictions. In the Oder-Havel Canal sub-area, expansion work to Class Va is in progress. The Berlin Waterways and Shipping Office is responsible for administration up to kilometer 10.58 ( Hennigsdorf ) , followed by the Eberswalde Waterways and Shipping Office .

course

The kilometers run from the Spree estuary to the new Westoder (km 134.96). The Westoder has its own kilometers. If you add their border section to the HOW (km 2.70 to km 17.10), the total length is around 149 km. From Spandau the HOW runs about 10 km over the Spandauer Havel to the confluence of the Havel Canal in the Havel near Nieder Neuendorf and about 20 km over the developed lower part of the Oranienburger Havel and the Lehnitzsee to the Lehnitzschleuse . Then it follows the Oder-Havel Canal for 49 km to the Niederfinow ship lift and 14 km of the Oder hold to Hohensaaten , where there is a connection to the Ostoder or Stromoder (German-Polish border) through the Ostschleuse Hohensaaten. From the neighboring west lock Hohensaaten it is over 42 km canalized part of the old Westoder ( Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler Wasserstraße ) with the Schwedt crossing to the Stromoder and then enters today's Westoder . With the Berlin-Spandau shipping canal , the HOW has a connection to Berlin city center via the Plötzensee lock to the Westhafen.

The HOW has barrages in Spandau (dam of the Havel) and Hohensaaten (dam of the old Wriezener Oder) and canal steps at the ends of the apex position (Lehnitz and Niederfinow).

Since the ascent is defined in the inland waterway traffic order as a journey in the direction of the Oder, the Niederfinow boat lift has the special feature that the topography runs in the opposite direction: the upstream water is on the valley side, while the lower water is on the mountain side. So the ascent with the trough actually leads downwards.

history

As early as the Middle Ages , merchants from Berlin were looking for a navigable connection across the Oder to the Baltic Sea , but the 80 km distance to the Oder, especially the ridge west of Eberswalde (watershed between the Elbe and Oder), could not be overcome with the hydraulic engineering options at the time . Only with the invention of the chamber lock in the 16th century was such a canal structure technically possible. The Finow Canal , which later became part of the HOW , was created as the oldest German shipping canal shortly before the Thirty Years' War , was destroyed again in this, but was restored in the middle of the 18th century. It led from Liebenwalde, about 50 km north of Berlin on the Havel, to the Oder. When the Havel below Liebenwalde was made navigable in the middle of the 19th century with the construction of the Malzer and the Oranienburger Canal, a HOW that was navigable from Berlin was created.

The growth in traffic at the beginning of the 20th century could only be countered by a waterway for ships of larger dimensions. On the so-called Großschiffahrtweg Berlin – Stettin built since 1906 , Havel holdings near Spandau and Plötzensee (beginning of the connecting canal Berlin-Spandau shipping canal from the Spree) were created and the later mostly called Oder-Havel Canal from the Havel south of Oranienburg to the confluence with the Finow Canal built near Niederfinow. The previous canals were largely omitted, only one piece each of the Malzer Canal and the Finow Canal (eastern end: Oderhaltung ) were expanded and incorporated into the new HOW. The old Westoder, which was expanded to form the Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler Wasserstraße, was added later.

When the new waterway was opened on June 17, 1914, Kaiser Wilhelm II gave the waterway connection from Plötzensee to the Oder near Hohensaaten the name Hohenzollern Canal . The Niederfinow lock staircase in the Oder-Havel Canal was supplemented in 1934 by the Niederfinow ship lift. In 1940 a second parallel lock was put into operation in Lehnitz at the western end of the Oder-Havel Canal.

After 1945 the name Hohenzollern Canal from Nieder Neuendorfer See near Hennigsdorf to Hohensaaten was replaced by the name Oder-Havel Canal. From 1990 the collective name Havel-Oder-Wasserstraße, which was already in use before 1914, was used again for the connection from Spandau to Hohensaaten. The Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler Wasserstraße has also been part of the HOW since 1998 (as was previously the case with the Berlin-Stettin waterway ).

Waters

The federal waterway HOW consists of the sections:

  • Spandauer Havel
    • Spandau Lake
    • Nieder Neuendorfer See
  • lower part of the Oranienburger Havel
  • Oder-Havel Canal
  • Oderberger waters
    • Lieper See
    • Oderberger See
    • Old Or
  • Hohensaaten-Friedrichsthaler waterway

The following federal waterways are also legally part of the HOW:

  • Tegeler See
  • Velten branch canal
  • Old Havel-Oder waterway
    • Oranienburg Canal
    • Friedrichsthaler Havel
    • Malzer Canal (at Malz)
  • upper part of the Oranienburger Havel
    • Size Defense arm Sachsenhausen
  • Finow Canal
    • Mäckerseekanal
  • Werbelliner waters
  • Estuary of the Wriezener Alte Oder
  • Connecting Canal Hohensaaten Ost (to the Oder)
  • Connection canal Schwedter Querfahrt (to Oder)
  • the part of today's Westoder that forms the German-Polish border

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration: "The Havel-Oder-Wasserstraße" ( Memento of the original from July 6, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de
  2. ↑ a b c Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration: "Responsibilities", search term Havel-Oder-Wasserstraße
  3. ↑ In rivers that are regulated by impoundment, people prefer to speak of barrages, not sluices, since the primary purpose is to regulate the flow through damming.
  4. ^ Commemorative publication for the opening of the large shipping route Berlin - Stettin in 1914
  5. ↑ Most of the rest of the Malzer Canal and the beginning of the Finow Canal from Liebenwalde no longer exist today. In the course of the old HOW, the Malzer Canal formed the connection between the Friedrichsthaler Havel near Friedrichsthal and the beginning of the Finow Canal near Liebenwalde. In 1914, the Oder-Havel Canal essentially followed the course of the Malzer Canal between Malz and Dusterlake ; on this piece the Malzer Canal lost its name in favor of the Oder-Havel Canal. The remaining two kilometers at Malz and the three kilometer end south of Liebenwalde remained as the Malzer Canal. The beginning of the Finow Canal from Liebenwalde to the Oder-Havel Canal near Zerpenschleuse (its apex posture " Langer Trödel ") has only had water management significance since 1925. Its connection to the Oder-Havel Canal was blocked. The shortened Finow Canal, which is still in operation today, leaves the Oder-Havel Canal opposite.
  6. ^ Festschrift for the opening of the Teltow Canal in 1906
  7. ↑ Directory C, Ser. No. 20 of the Chronicle ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de
  8. ↑ Directory D, serial no. 21 der Chronik ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de
  9. ↑ a b Directory E, serial no. 21 der Chronik ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g Directory F of the Chronicle ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de