Spandau lock
| Spandau lock | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Basic data | |
| Place: |
Berlin ( Germany ) |
| Use: | Inland lock |
| Construction time: | |
| Waterway: | HOW |
| Waterway kilometers: | 0.58 |
| Technical specifications | |
| Average lifting height: | 2.81 m |
| Width: | |
| Total length including the outer harbors: | 1400 m |
| Total length of the lock (external dimensions): | 156.00 m |
| usable chamber length: | 115.00 m |
| usable width: | 12.50 m |
| Underwater depth: | 4.00 m |
| Duration of a lock passage: | 30 minutes |
| Call channel: | VHF channel 23 |
The Spandau lock is a lock on the Havel in the German state of Berlin. It connects the different water level heights of the Lower Havel Waterway and the Upper Havel Waterway . Today it is located in the Berlin district of Spandau between the old town and the Spandau Citadel .
history
As early as the 13th century, there was a flood channel at the site , which enabled watercraft to switch between the Lower and Upper Havel. The first chamber lock in the town of Spandau an der Havel was built around 1572, making it easy to switch between the upper and lower reaches of the Havel. By 1911, the first Spandau lock was replaced twice by new buildings. A chamber lock was built in 1723, which in turn was replaced by a new building in 1816. In the two years 1875 and 1876, the lock was renewed to make the waterway passable for ships with a cargo capacity of up to 400 tons. In connection with the expansion of the waterway to the large shipping route Berlin-Stettin , a new lock was built west of the old chamber for ships with a load capacity of up to 600 tons. It went into operation in 1911. Until 1955, the old chamber was still clearly visible between the new chamber built in 1911 and the citadel, but was no longer in use. Around 1966 the old chamber was filled with sand and leveled towards the middle of the chamber. A small boat slip system with a double track was created on the resulting area. In its final form, the old lock had a usable chamber length of 67 m and was 10 m wide. The lock was soon at the limit of its capacity. In 1977 plans for the construction of a second lock were given in order to continue the old system. In 1993 the old sluice had to be closed because the structure, which was based on stilts, could no longer be operated safely . As a result of this closure, cargo ships , push convoys and passenger ships had to take a three-hour detour via the Charlottenburg lock ( Spree ) and the Plötzensee lock ( Berlin-Spandauer Schifffahrtskanal / Hohenzollern Canal ) to switch between the Lower and Upper Havel. At the same time as the old lock was closed, the planning of a new lock for ships with a load capacity of up to 2100 tons began. After more than two years of work, the plans for a new lock were completed in 1995. The project was carried out by the Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration, represented by the Berlin Waterways Construction Office .
The new lock
On August 31, 1998, the foundation stone was laid for the new lock, which was put into operation on July 15, 2002. The lock chamber of the new lock was given a usable length of 115 meters and a width of 12.5 meters. The mean stroke is 2.81 meters, corresponding to the so-called hundred-year flood HQ 100 . During the lock process, the chamber is emptied through the mortise gate in the lower head in about eight minutes and / or the lock chamber is filled through the rotating segment gate in the head in six minutes. The total duration of the lock process with entry and exit of the vehicles is given as about thirty minutes. A double boat tow is available for smaller pleasure craft . An operating building for personnel and technology was also built. In the upper and lower water of the lock, outer harbors with signaling devices were newly laid out or redesigned.
An originally planned pumping station was not built. In the event of water scarcity, the drained lock water should be pumped back to the upper stream by means of pumps .
Lock weir
The newly built lock weir is equipped with a fish-bellied flap to regulate the water flow. On average, 60 cubic meters of water flow over the weir every second. The rotating segment gate at the top of the lock chamber can be used as a weir for flood drainage and offers additional security.
Operations building
A three-story building with a pulpit on the second floor was erected on the west bank of the Havel. The lock process is controlled and monitored from there. The entire level technology and weir control are also housed in this building. Due to the brick facade of the building and the tower-like construction, it adapts to the architectural specifications of the citadel opposite.
FM channel
The call channel is VHF channel 23.
Maps and pictures
Location of the Spandau lock in Berlin's waterways
The lower head of the lock with the mitred gate
Information board with detailed historical representation
Boat tow
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literature
- Hans-J. Uhlemann: Berlin and the Märkische waterways . transpress Verlag Berlin, various years, ISBN 3-344-00115-9 , p. 51 ff.
- Writings of the Association for European Inland Shipping and Waterways e. V. various years. WESKA (Western European shipping and port calendar). Inland shipping publisher, Duisburg-Ruhrort, p. A 655
Web links
- The Spandau Havel lock. Pictures, viewing
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kurt Groggert: Personenschiffahrt on Havel and Spree In: Berliner contributions to the history of technology and industrial culture . Volume 10. Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-7759-0153-1 , p. 295
Coordinates: 52 ° 32 '22 " N , 13 ° 12' 32" E