Upright Ziest

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Upright Ziest
Upright ziest (Stachys recta)

Upright ziest ( Stachys recta )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Mint family (Lamiales)
Family : Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily : Lamioideae
Genre : Zieste
Type : Upright Ziest
Scientific name
Stachys recta
L.

The Upright Stachys ( Stachys recta ), and Heath woundwort or mountain woundwort called, is a plant of the genus of Stachys ( Stachys ) within the family of the mint (Lamiaceae).

Common names

Other common names in German-speaking countries besides upright Ziest, Heide-Ziest or Berg-Ziest are or were Abnehmkraut ( Bernese Oberland ), Badekraut ( Silesia ), Fleabane ( Alsace ), Beschreikraut (Henneberg, Schmalkalden ), Flussgesparkraut ( Salzburg ), Fuhrkraut ( Linz ), Horseshoe, horse nettle, Vusperkraut, Zeisskraut, Zeisgenkraut ( Harz , Thuringia , Silesia), Ziess.

description

illustration
Hairy, angular stem and pseudo whisk
Zygomorphic flower in detail

Vegetative characteristics

The upright zest grows as a deciduous, perennial , herbaceous plant , or rarely as a dwarf shrub and reaches heights of usually 25 to 40, rarely up to 70 centimeters. The strong, angular stem is simple or branched from the bottom. The green parts of the plant are close-fitting, rough or somewhat hairy with glands.

Of the up ever arranged on the stem leaves leaves the lower stalked short and the upper sitting. The leaf blade, which is rounded at its base, is 2 to 5 centimeters long and 0.5 to 2 centimeters wide and is ovate-spatulate to oblong-lanceolate. The leaf edge of the lower leaves is serrated or notched and that of the upper leaves is more or less smooth.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from June to October. Six to ten of the flowers sit together in pseudo whorls . Two to five, or rarely eight, false whorls are located in an interrupted, elongated, 1 to 2 centimeter long false ear . There may be very small, bristle-like prophylls.

The hermaphrodite flower is zygomorphic with a double flower envelope . The 5 to 10 millimeter long calyx is wire-haired with bald, spiky-tipped, protruding teeth, with bald, piercing awning tips. The crown is pale yellow to yellowish white.

The partial fruits of the Klausen are about 2 millimeters long, round, maroon colored and smooth or very finely dotted.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 32 or 34.

ecology

The upright ziest is a hemicryptophyte (stem plant). It hibernates through shoots that form on the branched rhizome and then grow into several side by side to form air shoots. It has roots up to 2 meters deep. The narrow wrinkled leaves and the roots, which reach up to 1 meter deep, are an adaptation to dry locations.

The yellowish-white flowers have a purple sap mark . They are strictly male and rich in nectar, but the pollen also attracts insects . Visitors are relatives of bees . So you can z. B. Observe brown-black colored, almost 1 centimeter large wild bees from the genus of the slurp bees ( Rophites ) on the flowers, which rub the pollen out with their head while vibrating.

The spread of the Klausen fruits takes place over the mechanism as animal spreader; Processing spread by birds is also possible.

Habit, leaves and inflorescence

Occurrence

The upright ziest is a sub-Mediterranean floral element. It occurs from Spain to Asia Minor and the Caucasus region; in the north the occurrences reach as far as Belgium . In Austria it is common in the Pannonian region and in the south, otherwise it is scattered. In Switzerland, it is widespread and often found in the warmer areas.

Stachys recta is widespread or often found in the southern Muschelkalk and Jura mountains. In addition, they are usually only rare and abducted. The Upright Ziest grows on paths and fields, on semi-arid and dry grass and on rocky slopes. North of the Alps, it thrives best on calcareous and moderately dry soils . He is in Central Europe, a characteristic species of Festuco-Brometea class is coming, but also in plant communities of the associations Geranion sanguinei, Erico-Pinion or Berberidion before or the order Quercetalia pubescentis.

Systematics

Stachys recta was first published in 1767 by Carl von Linné in Mantissa Plantarum , 1, page 82. Synonyms for Stachys recta L. are: Betonica recta (L.) Baill. , Ortostachys recta (L.) Fourr. , Prasium stachys E. HLKrause nom. illegal. The specific epithet recta means upright.

Of Stachys recta there are the following types:

  • Stachys recta subsp. baldaccii (K.Malý) Hayek : It occurs only on the western Balkan peninsula .
  • Stachys recta subsp. doerfleri (Hayek) Hayek : It occurs in Albania .
  • Stachys recta subsp. labiosa (Bertol.) Briq. (Syn .: Stachys labiosa Bertol. ), With 7 to 11 mm long calyx, a 7 to 12 mm long flower lower lip and upper leaves that are 7 to 10 mm wide and notched. This subspecies occurs in the Alps, the Apennines and on the Balkan Peninsula. The chromosome number is 2n = 34.
  • Stachys recta subsp. olympica Stoj. & Jordanov : It occurs in Greece .
  • Stachys recta L. subsp. recta , with a 5 to 7 mm long calyx, a 5 to 7 mm long lower lip of the flower and upper leaves that are 5 to 20 mm wide and notched or notched-serrated. This subspecies occurs in the entire range of the species, from Europe to the Caucasus. The chromosome number is 2n = 34.
  • Stachys recta subsp. rhodopaea (Velen.) Chrtek : It occurs in Bulgaria .
  • Stachys recta subsp. subcrenata (Vis.) Briq. (Syn .: Stachys subcrenata Vis. , Stachys recta subsp. Serpentini (Fiori) Arrigoni ), with 7 to 11 mm long calyx, a 7 to 12 mm long lower lip of the flower and upper leaves that are only 1 to 6 mm wide and with entire margins or are only weakly notched. This subspecies occurs from southeast Europe to western Turkey and from Transcaucasia to northwestern Iran . The chromosome number is 2n = 34.
  • Stachys recta subsp. tenoreana Bornm .: It occurs in Italy.
Herbarium evidence

Use as a medicinal plant

In ancient times, this plant is said to have been used as "Sideritis" for various medicinal and magical purposes. In particular, it is said to have healed cut and stab wounds. Gladiators in the Roman Empire are said to have worn the plant as an amulet . In Eastern Europe, after boiling, the plant is used to bathe children in order to protect them against various diseases, but also against “magical influences”.

swell

literature

  • Gustav Hegi: Illustrated flora of Central Europe. Pteridophyta, Spermatophyta . 2nd Edition. Volume V. Part 4: Angiospermae: Dicotyledones 3 (4) (Labiatae - Solanaceae) . Carl Hanser or Paul Parey, Munich or Berlin / Hamburg 1964, ISBN 3-489-78021-3 (unchanged reprint from 1927 with addendum).
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  • Stachys recta L., upright ziest. In: FloraWeb.de.
  • Margot Spohn, Marianne Golte-Bechtle: What is blooming there? The encyclopedia: over 1000 flowering plants from Central Europe. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10326-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Burgenland flora , accessed on July 13, 2020
  2. ^ Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants , published by Philipp Cohen Hannover 1882, p. 388.
  3. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  806 .
  4. ↑ Stachys recta at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed October 2, 2018.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Stachys recta. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved October 2, 2018.
  6. ↑ a b c Peter William Ball: Stachys L. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 155 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  7. ↑ a b c Stachys recta at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

Web links

Commons : Upright Ziest ( Stachys recta )  - Album containing pictures, videos and audio files