Blueberry willow

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Blueberry willow
Salix myrtilloides.jpg

Blueberry willow ( Salix myrtilloides )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Malpighiales (Malpighiales)
Family : Willow family (Salicaceae)
Genre : Willows ( Salix )
Type : Blueberry willow
Scientific name
Salix myrtilloides
L.

The blueberry pasture or Moor willow ( Salix myrtilloides ) is a plant from the genus of willow ( Salix ). It has depressed, rooted branches and bare leaves. The natural range is in Europe and Asia.

description

The blueberry willow is a sparsely branched shrub or dwarf shrub and reaches heights of 15 to 50 centimeters. The depressed, rooting branches have a gray bark . The bark of the thin, upright branches is yellow or red-brown in the first year, initially hairy and later balding. The buds are egg-shaped and bare.

The relatively small leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is 2 to 4 millimeters long. The leaf blade is 1 to 3.5 centimeters long and 0.7 to 1.5 centimeters wide, elliptical or long-elliptical with a rounded or blunt upper end and a rounded or rarely wide wedge-shaped blade base. The leaf margin is whole or very finely serrated. The upper side of the leaf is bare, deep green or slightly reddish, the underside is clearly reticulate, also bare, blue-green and turns black when drying. The stipules are lanceolate or ovate.

The relatively long inflorescence stem has four to six small leaves. The bracts are glabrous, monochrome yellowish green with a purple-red border, sparsely hairy and bearded. The cylindrical, cat-shaped inflorescence is 1 to 2.5 inches long. The flowers have a nectar gland. Male flowers have two bare stamens with red anthers. The ovary of female flowers is cylindrical, glabrous and long-stalked. The stylus is short, the stigma is short and undivided. The blueberry willow flowers with the leaves in May, the fruits ripen in June.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 28.

Occurrence and location requirements

The natural distribution area extends from Northern Europe (Finland, Norway) over Central Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Germany, Poland, Switzerland) to Romania and Russia. In Asia there are other deposits in Mongolia , on the Korean Peninsula and in the Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang , Jilin , Liaoning and Inner Mongolia .

The blueberry willow grows in bogs and marshland on wet, moderately nutrient-rich and moderately base-rich, moderately acidic mesotrophic peat soils in sunny and cool locations. It is a character species of the Betulo-Salicetum repentis from the association Salicion vinereae and usually occurs together with white moss ( Sphagnum ) species of the subsecunda section . The distribution area is assigned to winter hardiness zone 4 with mean annual minimum temperatures of −34.4 to −28.9 ° C (−30 to −20 ° F).

Systematics

The first publication of Salix myrtilloides was in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . The generic name Salix comes from Latin and was already used by the Romans for various types of willow. The specific epithet myrtilloides is derived from myrtillus for "bilberry" and the Greek ending -oides for "similar" and refers to the shrub-like growth and the shape and color of the leaves.

Of Salix myrtilloides there are two varieties:

  • Salix myrtilloides var. Mandshurica Nakai with white or yellow silky hairy young leaves.
  • Salix myrtilloides L. var. Myrtilloides with bare young leaves.

use

The blueberry willow is very rarely used as an ornamental shrub .

natural reserve

According to Dörr and Lippert, the blueberry willow in the Allgäu is a very rare glacial relic, the last remains of which have been preserved. Its existence is threatened by human intervention, by bushes and by hybridization with Salix repens . Their deposits deserve protection and care.

proof

literature

  • Cheng-fu Fang, Shi-dong Zhao, Alexei K. Skvortsov: Salix myrtilloides , p. 240 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 240 (English).
  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 583-584.
  • Jost Fitschen: Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 764 .
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German name according to Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 583.
  2. ↑ German name according to Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 583 and Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 765.
  3. ↑ a b Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 765
  4. ^ A b c d Roloff et al .: Flora of the Woods , pp. 583-584
  5. ↑ a b c d e f Cheng-fu Fang, Shi-dong Zhao, Alexei K. Skvortsov: Salix myrtilloides , p. 240 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.) : Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 240 (English).
  6. ^ A b Salix myrtilloides in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
  7. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  307 .
  8. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 552
  9. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 407
  10. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 417.

Web links

Commons : Blueberry Willow ( Salix myrtilloides )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files