Heilig-Geist-Spital (Nuremberg)

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Heilig-Geist-Spital taken from the west (2007)

The Heilig-Geist-Spital in Nuremberg (colloquially often short HeiGei ) was the largest urban facility for the care of the sick and (especially) the elderly in the imperial city . The hospital was partly built over the bed of the Pegnitz . It was donated by Konrad Groß , the richest citizen of Nuremberg at the time, as a lake device .

It is known as the repository of imperial regalia , which were kept in Nuremberg from 1424 to 1796.

history

Aerial view
Heilig-Geist-Spital in the evening with the hospital pharmacy on the left
around 1730

The hospital was built in 1339 together with a church as a so-called infirmary , which, as in all medieval towns , was consecrated to the Holy Spirit . It was a private foundation owned by the city and looked after by the Franciscans . It served as a home for the elderly and the disabled, as a school building, hospital with a pharmacy and maternity ward. After the death of the benevolent patrician Groß in 1356, who found his final resting place in the hospital church, the collegiate church of the Holy Spirit (today his grave is set up in the courtyard), the complex was expanded by donations.

The imperial regalia were kept in the hospital church since King Sigismund had entrusted them to the free imperial city of Nuremberg "for perpetual safekeeping" since 1423 , after they had mostly been taken with the emperors on their travels through the empire. These included the imperial crown , imperial orb, scepter, imperial and ceremonial sword, holy lance and the coronation regalia. Once a year they were shown to the people of Nuremberg in a healing instruction . Before each imperial coronation , they were brought to Frankfurt am Main and then back again in a solemn and well-guarded escort . Today they are exhibited in the Vienna Hofburg .

In 1420 the All Saints Chapel (also: Valzner Chapel ) was added. This was a foundation of the hospital carer Herdegen Valzner .

The forecast to have the Holy Spirit Hospital and its inhabitants around 1340 target of an evil joke of Till Eulenspiegel to have healed all the sick without medicine in one day, pretending. In 1341 a privilege was granted by Emperor Ludwig of Bavaria .

Fundamental expansion and renovation measures were carried out from 1489. The water structures spanning the Pegnitz , the Sude and the Hofbau, which still characterize the appearance of the hospital today , were built between 1511 and 1527.

The Heilig-Geist-Spital was initially a social facility for the elderly and people in need, but also provided over 100 beds for (curable) sick people. The hospital's family doctors known by name included Nuremberg city doctors such as Erasmus Flock until September 1552 and Melchior Ayrer from 1549 to 1562 and, from 1564, a Stefan Holtmann. A hospital in the sense of a hospital for inpatient medical treatment, which existed until the establishment of the general hospital in Sandgasse in 1845, was established here in 1813 by the medical advisor Wilhelm von Hoven, who was assisted by Georg Friedrich Lochner from 1829 onwards.

After the seizure of power of the NSDAP Nuremberg should be strengthened "old German" architectural character and traces of historicism be eliminated. In this context, the little choir of the bridge wing was given two additional bay floors and a pointed turret by the architect Julius Lincke in 1938–39 based on an old picture template.

After the Holy Spirit Church was destroyed in World War II , it was not rebuilt using the original parts, unlike the other hospital buildings. The other parts of the building were also badly hit by bombing in 1945 . The hospital was destroyed except for the walls on the ground floor; of the bridge wing, only the arch structures over the Pegnitz and the remains of the outer walls stood. Reconstruction took place here between 1951 and 1953, under Julius Lincke , who had been in charge of the Nuremberg Monument Preservation since 1937. The picturesque bay window with its pointed tower was also rebuilt. From 1960 to 1963, under Lincke's direction, the Heilig-Geist-Kirche was also reconstructed, but only in its external form. Inside, the building served as a ballroom, study center and conference venue, but has a chapel integrated on the upper floor for the hospital, which continues to be used for church purposes by the parish of St. Lorenz even after the city took over the building rights to the property in 2003 may be.

The Heilig-Geist-Spital is used as a senior citizens' home under the direction of the Nürnbergstift , an institution of the city of Nuremberg . A total of ten institutions are integrated into the house as users.

photos

  • Heilig-Geist-Spitalkirche

  • All Saints Chapel (Valzner Chapel)

  • Konrad Groß (around 1280–1356), councilor and merchant, founder of the hospital

  • Table grave of Konrad Groß

  • Table grave of Herdegen Valzner

literature

  • Julius Lincke: Renovation work on the Heilig-Geist-Spital in Nuremberg. In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , Volume 60, No. 43/44 (October 26, 1940), pp. 705–712.
  • Annamaria Böckel: Holy Spirit in Nuremberg. Hospital foundation & depository of imperial regalia . Böckel, Nürnberg 1990 (= Nürnberger Schriften. Volume 4), ISBN 3-87191-146-1 .
  • Ulrich Knefelkamp : The Heilig-Geist-Spital in Nuremberg from 14. – 17. Century. History, structure, everyday life . Self-published by the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg, Nuremberg 1989 (= Nürnberger Forschungen , 26), ISBN 3-87191-144-5 .

Web links

Commons : Heilig-Geist-Spital  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ How to find the Heilig-Geist-Saal (HeiGei) in the old town of Nuremberg. (PDF; 445 kB) www.hfm-nuernberg.de, accessed on April 22, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Jan Beinßen : The dead eyes of Nuremberg: Kriminalgeschichten , ars vivendi Verlag , Cadolzburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-86913-493-2 ( online )
  3. ↑ The 89th history says how Eulenspiegel made all the sick in a hospital well in one day without medication , projekt-gutenberg.org
  4. ↑ Ulrich Knefelkamp : About the care and medical treatment of sick people in hospitals from the 14th to the 16th century. In: Michael Matheus (Ed.): Functional and structural change in late medieval hospitals in a European comparison. Stuttgart 2005 (= Geschichtliche Landeskunde. Volume 56), pp. 175–194, here: p. 187.
  5. ↑ Doris Wolfangel: Dr. Melchior Ayrer (1520-1579). Medical dissertation Würzburg 1957, pp. 15-20 and 23 f.
  6. ^ Manfred Vasold: On the situation of the Nuremberg public hospitals and hospitals from 1770 to 1845. In: Würzburger medical-historical reports. Volume 17, 1998, pp. 399-438, here: pp. 404-433.

Coordinates: 49 ° 27 ′ 10 ″  N , 11 ° 4 ′ 45 ″  E