St. Klara (Nuremberg)

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The Klarakirche from the southeast with a polygonal apse
West facade of the Nuremberg Klarakirche

St. Klara is a Roman Catholic church in the old town of Nuremberg . The building is in the Altstadt district , St. Lorenz on Königstrasse between Lorenzkirche and Frauentor. The construction, which began in 1270, is one of the oldest preserved sacred buildings in the city and initially served as the church of the Poor Clare Monastery . In the course of the Reformation , the monastery was dissolved and the church was used as a Protestant preaching church from 1574 . After Nuremberg fell to Bavaria in 1806 , the building was profaned, and since 1854 it has been a Catholic church again. During the Second World War , the church was badly damaged in an air raid, and in the post-war period it was rebuilt in its previous form. In 1979 the church rectorate passed to the Jesuits . Since 1996 St. Klara has been an open church with a wide range of spiritual and cultural offerings.

history

1274 to 1574: monastery church

A church in connection with the later Poor Clare Monastery (at that time still a convent of Magdalena ) is mentioned for the first time in a deed of donation from 1246. Around 1270 construction work began on a new church building, in which workers from the construction works of St. Sebald were also involved. On September 10, 1274, Bishop Berthold von Leiningen from Bamberg consecrated the main altar and choir to St. Mary Magdalene . The nave of the church was essentially taken over from the previous building and the new apse was added to it. A two-story nun's choir was built into the west side of the nave. It was an oratorio that was separated from the publicly accessible part of the church and was available to the nuns for their services and other sacred acts. The lower, ground level part of the nuns choir was used as a crypt church.

In the year of the consecration of the choir, the 2nd Council of Lyon abolished all mendicant orders that had been founded after 1215, including the order of the Magdalen Sisters, to which the convent had previously belonged. That is why the prioress at the time requested that the monastery be accepted into the Order of the Poor Clares . This was on the instruction of Pope Nicholas III. carried out on January 29, 1279 by Bishop Berthold von Leiningen and the church received the patronage of Clare of Assisi .

After further construction work on the church and monastery, the church and the cemetery to the east of it (cemetery for lay people who did not belong to the monastery community) were consecrated in 1339 , the cloister and the cemetery of the monastery located west of the church were also consecrated.

An expansion took place in the first half of the 15th century. The nuns choir was redesigned; the lower part was moved to a chapel built on the north side of the nave (today's Caritas-Pirckheimer chapel), the upper part was demolished and rebuilt on a larger scale; new, Gothic windows with tracery were built into the west facade for lighting . Since the entire nave was open to the public due to the elimination of the lower nun's choir, the west portal of the church leading into the cloister of the monastery was walled up.

A sacristy (1434) was added to the north wall in addition to the chapel . The silver tower, the only surviving structure of the monastery next to the church, was built during this period. It is a two-storey tower with a rectangular base and a gable roof, which is attached to the west of the chapel. In addition, the exterior of the choir bay was raised to the height of the nave and both parts of the building were combined under a gable roof. The previous Romanesque arched windows were converted into Gothic pointed arched windows with tracery in the course of the construction work.

After the Reformation in 1525, the pressure of the city of Nuremberg on the convent to dissolve the monastery and to join the Lutheran creed increased. Under the Abbess Caritas Pirckheimer it was possible to defend against an immediate closure, but novices were no longer allowed to be accepted, so that the monastery was dissolved with the death of the last nun in 1596.

1574 to 1806: Protestant preaching church

Monastery building and Klarakirche at the beginning of the 17th century (excerpt from Braun's prospectus from 1608). The street shown has been called Königstraße since 1810; on the left the Frauentorturm

As a result, St. Clare became the property of the city of Nuremberg and was used as a Protestant sermon church as early as 1574 . For this purpose, changes were made to the building, but these are no longer apparent from the current shape of the church. Among other things, a pulpit was installed. The polymath Christoph Gottlieb von Murr writes about the construction work in his description of the most distinguished peculiarities in the HR freyen city of Nuremberg from 1778 without further explanation that the church was " internally changed in 1574 ".

In 1701 the church was renovated, on this occasion a gallery was built on the north side, which could also be accessed via a staircase on the outer wall. The gallery and stairs were torn down again at the beginning of the 19th century.

1806 to 1854: Profane use

In 1806 the imperial city of Nuremberg was dissolved and fell to the Kingdom of Bavaria . As a result, the building was profaned . It was mainly used as a warehouse for merchants' goods; later sales fairs were also held there, at which Nuremberg industry presented their products. After 1848, military goods were also stored there for a short time.

1854 until today: Catholic Church

Memorial plaque on the former grave of Caritas Pirckheimer on the western front of Nuremberg's Klarakirche
Current grave of Caritas Pirckheimer in the apse of the Klarakirche

As the number of Catholics in Nuremberg rose sharply, the Bavarian King Maximilian II ordered in 1854 that the building should be used as a Catholic church again. The Klarakirche was thus the second Catholic church in Nuremberg after the Reformation, after the Frauenkirche (Catholic from 1810), to which it also belonged as a subsidiary church . The consecration took place after three years of restoration and conversion on May 13, 1857.

The buildings of the Poor Clare Monastery were demolished around 1900, with the exception of the church and the silver tower.

The building was badly damaged in a bombing raid during World War II on March 16, 1945 and burned down except for the choir, sacristy and nave walls. From 1948 to 1953 the church was rebuilt in its previous form. During excavation work in the former cemetery of the monastery, the bones of Caritas Pirckheimer were found in 1959 and they were buried in the church choir. In 1965, as part of a renovation, the church was designed according to the ideas of the Second Vatican Council .

The Jesuit Father Georg Deichstetter headed the Marian Congregation from 1947 to 1951 , which had its spiritual center in St. Clare. In this role he raised money for the rebuilding of the church. In 1961 the Caritas-Pirckheimer-Haus, an educational and conference center for the Jesuits, was inaugurated next to the church. Therefore, in 1979, the rectorate of the church was transferred to the Jesuits, who had been closely associated with the church since the end of the Second World War. In 1985 the Caritas-Pirckheimer-Haus transferred the house chapel (Pirckheimer Chapel) to the former lower nuns' choir, which today forms the entrance chapel.

The Klarakirche has been an open church and seat of the Catholic City Pastoral Care Nuremberg since 1996. The pastor in charge is Father Ansgar Wiedenhaus SJ.

Renovation 2007

In 2006 and 2007 the building was rebuilt according to plans by Brückner & Brückner Architects . The altar consecration by the Archbishop of Bamberg, Ludwig Schick, took place on December 14, 2007. During the construction work, among other things, the popular altar , ambo and pews were replaced and the heating and windows of the building were renewed. A new lighting concept takes into account the various uses of the church interior. The main altar and its pedestal were removed. The entrance area and the Pirckheimer Chapel have been completely redesigned. The arcades between the Pirckheimer Chapel and the nave, which were walled up after the Second World War , were reopened and serve as the entrance to the nave. During the renovation work, the services and other events of the Open Church of St. Clare took place in the nearby Protestant-Reformed Marthakirche and in the Catholic Church of St. Elisabeth . The Protestant services in the Marthakirche, which was largely destroyed by fire on June 5, 2014, took place during the time the church was being rebuilt in St. Clare.

Building design

Due to the redesign in the first half of the 15th century, the Klarakirche presents itself to the viewer as a Gothic building. Romanesque elements are also visible from the time the church was built around 1270 , for example the arch of the main portal and remains of the eaves. In addition, individual Romanesque arched windows have been preserved. The design of the choir shows some parallels to the Sebalduskirche, as staff from the Sebald building works worked here as there. While the outer walls of the building are made of sandstone , bricks were used in the construction of the inner walls . St. Klara thus has one of the oldest surviving, datable brick masonry in Nuremberg's old town.

Due to its original function as a church of a mendicant order , the building is kept simple in its structural design, it has no church tower and only a single nave .

environment

The redesigned forecourt of the Klarakirche; On the right in the picture the entrance to the Pirckheimer Chapel, on the left the former main entrance

The entrance area of ​​the church was redesigned as part of the general renovation in 2006/2007. Until the renovation, the church was entered through an entrance on the north side of the nave; the chapel had separate entrances. With the renovation, the entrance area was designed as it was in the period up to 1945: The access on the north side of the nave was closed, and the new main entrance is the east gate of the Pirckheimer Chapel. The forecourt was provided with a ramp to enable barrier-free access to the building. The 1957 bronze sculpture Job by Gerhard Marcks stands on the forecourt .

An inner courtyard with a covered walkway, which is intended to remind of the cloister of the monastery, adjoins the west facade of the church. When the Convent of the Poor Clares still existed, this was the cemetery where the nuns were buried. Majusc inscriptions with the names of the deceased in the stones of the facade near the west portal commemorate this cemetery .

outer appearance

The facade of the Klarakirche is unadorned, it is only structured by the windows and flat buttresses at the corners of the choir polygon.

The building has a single nave and a retracted choir (i.e. the choir is less wide than the nave). The sacristy adjoins the choir bay in a northerly direction. To the north of the nave is the Pirckheimer Chapel, which, like the sacristy, was built during the expansion in the first half of the 15th century. The choir and nave have a Gothic eaves from this period. A few remains of the earlier Romanesque cornice can be seen on the south wall.

The building has no tower, but a roof turret on the west gable above the main portal. This comes from the early days of the church around 1270. The roof turret carries a bell with the chime "es".

The church is almost east .

inner space

Interior of the Nuremberg Klarakirche with a view of the apse

The nave of the church is vaulted by a wooden barrel. A ribbed vault spans the choir yoke . The retracted choir closes to the east with a 5/10 end. The keystone of the choir head shows the earliest known Nuremberg lamb-god depiction. A rosette can be seen on the keystone of the choir bay .

The consoles and services in the choir yoke and end of the choir are decorated with stylized foliage, which is seen as evidence of the involvement of craftsmen from the building works of the Sebalduskirche .

The building has been kept bright inside since the last renovation; the dark pews have been replaced with light oak pews, and the spiral staircase that leads to the gallery is made of the same material. The wooden barrel has also had a light paintwork since then.

Pirckheimer Chapel

Modern "Marienaltar" in the Pirckheimer Chapel of the Nuremberg Klarakirche made of layered glass plates

The chapel was built as the successor to the lower part of the nuns choir at the beginning of the 15th century and, like the newly built upper nuns choir, was built in 1428 by Bamberg's bishop Friedrich III. consecrated by Aufseß . Like the nave, it is also vaulted by a wooden barrel. It is provided with a canopy . Two arcades connect it inside with the nave. Originally, these arcades were provided with a privacy screen so that the chapel belonging to the enclosure could not be seen from the generally accessible nave. The arcades were opened later. During the reconstruction after the Second World War, the arches were walled up. In the course of the renovation of the church in 2006 and 2007, the Pirckheimer Chapel was converted into an "entrance chapel" through which one can enter the church. The east entrance of the chapel is now the main entrance of the building, the arcades between the chapel and nave have been reopened to allow access to the church. In the course of the renovation work, the interior of the chapel was redesigned, a “grotto” was built from glass and wooden elements, with a statue of the Madonna in the center .

sacristy

The sacristy of the Klarakirche was completed in 1434 and consecrated by Bamberg Auxiliary Bishop Hermann. It is a rectangular block building with a monopitch roof . A cross vault spans the interior. St. Clare is depicted on the keystone of the vault .

In the sacristy there was originally an altar dedicated to the Archangel Michael , all saints , all angels and the poor souls . This leads to the conclusion that the room was probably originally used for the funeral masses of the lay people, who were buried in the churchyard of the Klarakirche east of the choir.

Works of art

Of the original interior from the pre-Reformation period, only the crucifixion group described below is still in the church. The Germanisches Nationalmuseum owns some picture panels from St. Klara from the 14th century, beyond that there are no further pieces of equipment from this time. The two side altars as well as the crescent moon Madonna came into the church for the rededication in 1857; they were previously in other places.

Carvings

Crucifixion group

In the church there is a larger than life carved crucifixion group , which was created by the Nuremberg sculptor and wood carver Veit Wirsberger around 1510. In addition to the crucified Jesus Christ and the mother of God Mary as well as the favorite disciple John , Mary Magdalene kneeling at the foot of the cross is shown. A skull can be seen under her knee. According to various early Christian scriptures, the bones of Adam are said to be buried on Golgotha , which is why the skull often appears in such representations as a symbol of the sin that was overcome by the death of Jesus.

The interior of the Klarakirche. Engraving by JA Delsenbach, around 1725

A copper engraving by Johann Adam Delsenbach from the 18th century shows the crucifixion group on the east wall of the nave above the triumphal arch between the nave and the choir. This location was probably not the original; Due to the size of the figures and their proportions, which are designed for a slight soffit, it is assumed that the crucifixion group initially stood on a beam drawn into the triumphal arch. Before the extensive renovation in 2006 and 2007, it was attached to the south side of the nave, now it is located above the gallery on the western wall of the building.

Crescent Madonna

In the center of the newly designed Caritas Pirckheimer Chapel is a wooden crescent Madonna , which was created at the end of the 15th century. The Blessed Mother holds the child in her arms while it grabs her robe. The hem of Mary's robe is held by two angels and she stands on a crescent moon. This representation of the Mother of God is derived from the Revelation of John ( Rev 12,1  EU ).

The statue probably comes from the Neumarkt area in the Upper Palatinate and came to the church in 1857. Until the Second World War it was part of a neo-Gothic retable on the left side altar, after which it was attached to the south wall of the choir until 2006.

Paintings

Way of the Cross

The church has a Way of the Cross with 14 stations by Martin von Feuerstein from 1929. Since 2008, however, this has no longer been permanently on display, but was only exhibited during the Easter penance period . At the moment the stations of the cross are hung on the gallery. Before that, the paintings were hung all around on the walls of the nave. The oil paintings in octagonal gilded frames in the echo of the Nazarenes show a blue-eyed, thorn-crowned Christ, whose beautiful figure is increasingly distorted in the course of the Passion.

Frescoes

During the renovation work in the spring of 2007, the remains of a fresco were found on the north side of the choir , which shows the prophet Ezekiel's vision of the resurrection of the dead ( Ez 37.1-14  EU ). The time when this painting was created is unclear; however, it can be assumed that it was created when the church was already evangelical, as the Ezekiel vision was a popular motif in Protestant churches. This dating is also supported by the assessment of scientists from the Germanisches Nationalmuseum; then a copper engraving by the Dutch painter Marten de Vos from 1578 served as a template for the fresco. Since the work could no longer be reconstructed due to the advanced destruction, it was given a protective layer of plaster after analysis and documentation so that it is no longer visible.

In the description of the imperial city of Nuremberg from 1778, Christoph Gottlieb von Murr mentions another fresco on the south wall of the choir in addition to this fresco. Of this, however, nothing is left today.

Altars

Left side altar: cross altar

Left side altar

The cross altar was built in 1517, this date is supported by two inscriptions with this year, which can be found in the pictures on the inside of the altar wings. He comes from Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate; last there he stood in the court church . In 1857 the Bavarian King Maximilian II donated the altar for the Klarakirche, which was reopened after the profanation, and had it moved to Nuremberg.

The cross altar is a winged altar in the form of a triptych . In the central shrine, Christ and the two thieves are depicted on the cross. In contrast to the pain-distorted bodies of the other two delinquents, the depiction of Christ crucified exudes calm and dignity. At the foot of the cross, in addition to the favorite disciple John and the Mother of God, Mary Magdalene (who kneels on Adam's head just like in the crucifixion group) as well as a Roman centurion, high priest and scribe can be found. The original center shrine was lost in World War II, and a replacement was made in 1984 to house the historical figures.

It is not known who created the figures in the altar shrine. The artist has found his way into art history under the emergency name “Master of the Cross Altar of the Nuremberg Klarakirche”. He is located in the vicinity of Veit Stoss .

On the inside of the two altar wings there are two relief representations of the Passion of Christ . At the top right is a scene from the Garden of Gethsemane ( Mt 26,36-56  EU ) with sleeping disciples and Jesus pleading with God. At the top left is an image of Ecce homo against the backdrop of a city. At the bottom left the artist has depicted the fall of Jesus under the cross and Veronica , who hands him the handkerchief. Finally, at the bottom right, we see Jesus being nailed to the cross.

The outside of the altar wings were painted by a student of Albrecht Dürer . Originally it was assumed that Hans Springinklee created them; more recent analyzes name Wolf Traut as a painter. When choosing the motif for the four pictures, the artist based himself on Dürer's Passion Cycle. The upper left picture shows the entry of Jesus into Jerusalem ( Joh 12,13-15  EU ). The Last Supper is shown at the top right, Christ's Descent from the Cross at the bottom right, and finally the Lamentation of Christ at the bottom left .

Right side altar: Marienaltar

Right side altar

Like the cross altar, the Marien altar is a triptych. Its individual parts emerged in different centuries and were made by different artists. The names of its creators are not known.

The altar shrine itself shows the Virgin Mary with a crown in the middle , standing in a halo on a crescent moon, with the baby Jesus in her left arm. St Nicholas of Myra is shown to the left of Maria as seen from the viewer . He wears episcopal clothing and holds a crosier in his right hand. In his left hand he holds three balls; an attribute with which it is often represented. To the right of the Mother of God a representation of Pope Urban I , who has been venerated as the patron saint of winemakers since the 15th century and therefore carries a grape in his right hand as an attribute. He is also shown in the bishop's robe.

The altar shrine is dated around 1500.

The inside of the altar wings were designed at the end of the 19th century, they show St. Lawrence of Rome on the left , holding a book and a martyr's palm in his hand. On the right the church father Augustine of Hippo can be seen.

The outer sides of the wings show an image of the Annunciation ( Lk 1,26-38  EU ). The painting is dated to around 1522; its maker is also unknown.

The predella of the altar was made towards the end of the 15th century and shows Christ surrounded by six apostles, namely Paul , James the Elder , Peter , John , Andrew and James the Younger .

organ

St. Klarakirche in Nuremberg, view from the apse to the organ gallery

The organ dates from 1986 and was built by Georg Jann. The abrasive loading -Orgel has 15  registers , on two manuals and pedal . The disposition is:

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Reed flute 8th'
3. Black viola 8th'
4th octave 4 ′
5. Mixture III-IV
6th Trumpet 8th'
II Positive C-g 3
7th Wooden dacked 8th'
8th. recorder 4 ′
9. Sesquialter 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Principal 2 ′
11. Dulcian 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
12. Sub-bass 16 ′
13. Octave bass 8th'
14th Pipe bass 8th'
15th Chorale bass 4 ′

The church today

Open Church of St. Clare

The Klarakirche has been an "open church" since 1996. It has no fixed church congregation , but directs its offer to all interested parties, regardless of their beliefs . In addition to church services and blessings , the meditation church also hosts lectures and seminars as well as a rich cultural program with theater, music, dance and exhibitions. According to your own self-image you want to “discreetly but clearly familiarize yourself with Christian spirituality . Father Ansgar Wiedenhaus SJ and a Catholic pastoral officer are responsible for the offer . "

Further use

The Spanish-speaking parish of Nuremberg celebrates its services in the Klarakirche. Together with other institutions in its immediate vicinity, the church forms a center of the Jesuit order in Nuremberg: the Caritas-Pirckheimer-Haus and the rooms of the Catholic university community are connected to the inner courtyard to the west of the church . Both institutions are looked after by Jesuits. The mission procuration of the German Jesuits can also be found here.

The listed church building belongs to the Free State of Bavaria and is a stop on the Nuremberg Historic Mile .

See also

literature

  • Frank Matthias Kammel: Hidden Beauty. Late Gothic treasures from the Klarakirche in Nuremberg. Catalog for the exhibition in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum . Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-936688-26-9 .
  • Andreas Puchta, Nadja Bennewitz, Karl Kern SJ: Nuremberg St. Klara, branch church of the Frauenkirche. Schnell & Steiner Art Guide No. 1518 . 4th edition. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2000, ISBN 3-7954-5224-4 .
  • Herbert May: The Klarakirche. History of construction and use . In: City of Nuremberg, Building Department - Lower Monument Protection Authority (ed.): Places of contemplation - places of prayer. Short guide to the Open Monument Day 2007 . tape 1 : Churches within the old town. Nuremberg 2007, p. 36-43 .
  • Michael Diefenbacher , Rudolf Endres (Hrsg.): Stadtlexikon Nürnberg . 2nd, improved edition. W. Tümmels Verlag, Nuremberg 2000, ISBN 3-921590-69-8 , p. 542 f . ( Complete edition online ).
  • Rudolf Eckstein: The closed cemetery of the Poor Clare Monastery in Nuremberg and its graves according to the death book of Anna Ketzel . In: Association for the history of the city of Nuremberg (Hrsg.): Messages of the association for the history of the city of Nuremberg . tape 68 . Self-published by the Association for the History of the City of Nuremberg, 1981, ISSN  0083-5579 , p. 130–163 ( online at: periodika.digitale-sammlungen.de [accessed on July 15, 2008]).
  • Günther P. Fehring, Anton Ress: The city of Nuremberg - short inventory . 2nd Edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1977, ISBN 3-422-00550-1 , p. 62-64 .
  • Karl Kern SJ: St. Klara Nuremberg . Oliver Heinl Verlag, Rednitzhembach 2008, ISBN 978-3-931736-07-1 .
  • Knut Wenzel : The force of the unrepresentable. Image cultures of Christianity. Freiburg i. Br. 2019. pp. 40ff.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kammel: Hidden Beauty , p. 9.
  2. ↑ a b c Kammel: Hidden Beauty , p. 11.
  3. ↑ a b Kammel: Hidden Beauty , p. 13.
  4. ↑ a b Kammel: Hidden Beauty , p. 15 f.
  5. ^ Puchta, Bennewitz, Kern SJ: Nürnberg St. Klara, Filialkirche der Frauenkirche , p. 12.
  6. ↑ May: The Clarakirche , p. 36.
  7. ↑ May: Die Klarakirche , p. 41.
  8. ↑ May: The Clarakirche , p. 42.
  9. ↑ a b May: Die Klarakirche , p. 37.
  10. ↑ G. Ulrich Großmann, Frank Matthias Kammel: Hidden Beauty (Preface), p. 7.
  11. ^ BauNetz Media GmbH: CHURCH ST. KLARA, NUREMBERG | Brückner & Brückner Architects, Tirschenreuth. Retrieved August 14, 2019 .
  12. ↑ Information about the services on the St. Martha website, accessed on April 4, 2017
  13. ↑ May: Die Klarakirche , p. 40.
  14. ↑ Press release No. 1045 of the City of Nuremberg on the redesign of the forecourt of the Klarakirche. Press and Information Office of the City of Nuremberg, October 11, 2007, accessed on July 5, 2008 .
  15. ^ Puchta, Bennewitz, Kern SJ: Nürnberg St. Klara, Filialkirche der Frauenkirche , p. 13.
  16. ^ Puchta, Bennewitz, Kern SJ: Nürnberg St. Klara, Filialkirche der Frauenkirche , p. 1.
  17. ↑ a b Kammel: Hidden Beauty , p. 16 f.
  18. ↑ Puchta, Bennewitz, Kern SJ: Nuremberg St. Klara, Filialkirche der Frauenkirche , p. 6.
  19. ↑ a b Kammel: Hidden Beauty , p. 90.
  20. ↑ Kammel: Hidden Beauty , p. 70.
  21. ↑ Puchta, Bennewitz, Kern SJ: Nürnberg St. Klara, Filialkirche der Frauenkirche , p. 2 ff.
  22. ↑ T. Breuer, Fr. Oswald, Fr. Piel, W. Schwemmer et al. (Ed.): Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Bavaria I: Franconia. The administrative districts of Upper Franconia, Middle Franconia and Lower Franconia. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1979, p. 564.
  23. ↑ Christoph Gottlieb von Murr: Description of the most distinguished peculiarities of the HR Reichsfreyen city of Nuremberg and Altdorf. Place of publication: Nuremberg, 1778. Open Church of St. Clare, accessed on January 1, 2014 .
  24. ↑ a b Kammel: Hidden Beauty , p. 92f.
  25. ^ Puchta, Bennewitz, Kern SJ: Nuremberg St. Klara, Filialkirche der Frauenkirche , p. 7 f.
  26. ↑ Kammel: Hidden Beauty , p. 97 f.
  27. ↑ Information on the organ with a picture of the old ceiling design, accessed on April 4, 2017
  28. ↑ Contact. Open Church of St. Clare Nuremberg, accessed on January 28, 2017 .
  29. ↑ Spanish- speaking Mission. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 25, 2008 ; Retrieved August 17, 2008 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.eo-bamberg.de

Web links

Commons : St. Clare  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 26 '54.7 "  N , 11 ° 4' 46.9"  E